Ayyad ben Moussa
Encyclopedia
Qadi Ayyad ibn Musa or Abu al-Fadl Ayyad ibn Amr ibn Musa ibn Ayyad ibn Muhammad ibn Abdillah ibn Musa ibn Ayyad al-Yahsubi al-Sabti (أبو الفضل عياض بن موسى بن عياض بن عمرو بن موسى بن عياض بن محمد بن عبد الله بن موسى بن عياض اليحصبي السبتي ) born in Ceuta
(Sabtah), then belonging to the Almoravid Empire
, was the great imam
of that city and, later, a high judge (qadi
) in Granada
. He was one of the most famous scholars of Maliki
law and author of the well-known Al-Shifa bi-tarif huquq al-Mustafa
on the virtues of the prophet and Tartib al-mardarik wa-taqrib al-masalik li-marifat alam madhab Malik, a collection of biographies of eminent Malikis, a.o. Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi.
, but lost and was banished to Tadla and later Marrakech
. He was a pupil of Abu Abdillah ibn Isa, of Imam Abu Abdillah ibn Hamdin and Abu al-Hassan ibn Siraj and teacher of imam Abu al-Walid Ibn Rushd (Averroes)
.
Qadi Ayyad is also wellknown as one of the seven saints of Marrakech
and is buried near Bab Aïlen. His main work is called Ash-Shifâ Bi-Ahwâl Al-Mustafâ
(Healing by news of the chosen one). The University of Marrakech (Cadi Ayyad) was named after him.
Ceuta
Ceuta is an autonomous city of Spain and an exclave located on the north coast of North Africa surrounded by Morocco. Separated from the Iberian peninsula by the Strait of Gibraltar, Ceuta lies on the border of the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Ceuta along with the other Spanish...
(Sabtah), then belonging to the Almoravid Empire
Almoravids
The Almoravids were a Berber dynasty of Morocco, who formed an empire in the 11th-century that stretched over the western Maghreb and Al-Andalus. Their capital was Marrakesh, a city which they founded in 1062 C.E...
, was the great imam
Imam
An imam is an Islamic leadership position, often the worship leader of a mosque and the Muslim community. Similar to spiritual leaders, the imam is the one who leads Islamic worship services. More often, the community turns to the mosque imam if they have a religious question...
of that city and, later, a high judge (qadi
Qadi
Qadi is a judge ruling in accordance with Islamic religious law appointed by the ruler of a Muslim country. Because Islam makes no distinction between religious and secular domains, qadis traditionally have jurisdiction over all legal matters involving Muslims...
) in Granada
Emirate of Granada
The Emirate of Granada , also known as the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada , was an emirate established in 1238 following the defeat of Muhammad an-Nasir of the Almohad dynasty by an alliance of Christian kingdoms at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212...
. He was one of the most famous scholars of Maliki
Maliki
The ' madhhab is one of the schools of Fiqh or religious law within Sunni Islam. It is the second-largest of the four schools, followed by approximately 25% of Muslims, mostly in North Africa, West Africa, the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, and in some parts of Saudi Arabia...
law and author of the well-known Al-Shifa bi-tarif huquq al-Mustafa
Ash-Shifa
Kitab Ash-shifa bi Ta'rif Huquq al-Mustafa, , of Qadi 'Iyad is perhaps the most frequently used and commented upon handbook in which Muhammad's life, his qualities and his miracles are described in every detail...
on the virtues of the prophet and Tartib al-mardarik wa-taqrib al-masalik li-marifat alam madhab Malik, a collection of biographies of eminent Malikis, a.o. Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi.
Biography
He headed a revolt against the coming of the Almohades to CeutaCeuta
Ceuta is an autonomous city of Spain and an exclave located on the north coast of North Africa surrounded by Morocco. Separated from the Iberian peninsula by the Strait of Gibraltar, Ceuta lies on the border of the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Ceuta along with the other Spanish...
, but lost and was banished to Tadla and later Marrakech
Marrakech
Marrakech or Marrakesh , known as the "Ochre city", is the most important former imperial city in Morocco's history...
. He was a pupil of Abu Abdillah ibn Isa, of Imam Abu Abdillah ibn Hamdin and Abu al-Hassan ibn Siraj and teacher of imam Abu al-Walid Ibn Rushd (Averroes)
Averroes
' , better known just as Ibn Rushd , and in European literature as Averroes , was a Muslim polymath; a master of Aristotelian philosophy, Islamic philosophy, Islamic theology, Maliki law and jurisprudence, logic, psychology, politics, Arabic music theory, and the sciences of medicine, astronomy,...
.
Qadi Ayyad is also wellknown as one of the seven saints of Marrakech
Marrakech
Marrakech or Marrakesh , known as the "Ochre city", is the most important former imperial city in Morocco's history...
and is buried near Bab Aïlen. His main work is called Ash-Shifâ Bi-Ahwâl Al-Mustafâ
Ash-Shifa
Kitab Ash-shifa bi Ta'rif Huquq al-Mustafa, , of Qadi 'Iyad is perhaps the most frequently used and commented upon handbook in which Muhammad's life, his qualities and his miracles are described in every detail...
(Healing by news of the chosen one). The University of Marrakech (Cadi Ayyad) was named after him.
External links
- Islamophile.org, extensive article on his life and work, in French
- His grave, the Koubba Cadi Ayyad, near Bab Aylen in Marrakesh http://www.marrakech-ville.com/cadi-ayyad.php
See also
- Ash-ShifaAsh-ShifaKitab Ash-shifa bi Ta'rif Huquq al-Mustafa, , of Qadi 'Iyad is perhaps the most frequently used and commented upon handbook in which Muhammad's life, his qualities and his miracles are described in every detail...