August Horislav Škultéty
Encyclopedia
August Horislav Škultéty (* August 7, 1819 Veľký Krtíš
- † May 29, 1892 Kraskovo
) was a Slovak writer
, pedagogue ethnographer and director of a first Slovak Gymnasium in Revúca
.
. In 1833–1836 he attended lower secondary school at the Evangelical Lyceum in Banská Štiavnica
and graduated at Evangelical High School in Kežmarok
. During 1836–1839, he studied theology
at the Evangelical Seminary in Bratislava
. Since 1839 he was assistant of the professor Juraj Palkovič at the Department of Czech and Slovak Speech and Literature, Evangelical Seminary in Bratislava
. In the years 1841–1848 he was a chaplain in superintendancy of Pavol Jozeffy in Tisovec
. From 1848 to 1850 served as a priest
in Dlhá Ves
and during 1850–1852 in Rozložná
. From 1862–1874 he worked for the First Slovak Grammar School in Revúca
. In the years 1875–1891 he had been a priest in Kraskovo
.
During his stay in Bratislava
he actively promoted the usage of Slovak language in seondary grammar schools as well as protestant universities. Šultéty played an important role in the development of the Department of Czech and Slovak Speech at Evangelical Seminary.
During his stay in Tisovec
he belonged to the founders of a public reading circle and a church library
. In 1847 the Evangelical Seminary in Bratislava had been closed by Hungarian authorities. In the revolutionary years of 1848–1849, he was arrested and examined by Hungarian authorities at court in Plešivec because of his literal and political struggle for the development of the national life of Slovaks.
He became a member of the committee for the establishment of the First Slovak Grammar School in Revúca
, opened on 16 September 1862. He worked there as a professor of religion, and later as director. Under his guidance, the institute became an important center of Slovak education and this fact caused permanent attacks of Magyarisation school policy, which peaked in 1874, when the Grammar School was closed by the Hungarian authorities.
, education
and pedagogy
, particularly for children and youth
. In 1840, he published his collection of poetry
, named Básne, as the first person from the Štúr
generation.
Zábavník pre dietky was the first original literary work for children, written in Slovak language. Then in 1850 and 1855 Škultéty´s two text books Rečňovanka pre Slovenskje školi were issued, which affected the patriotic, linguistic and aesthetic education in Slovak schools. He also wrote Slovak folk fairy tales together with Štefan Marko Daxner
and Čipka
, which were collected to the Codex Tisovský and later became the source to Dobšinský
Slovenské Povesti. Altogether he is an author of 14 textbooks, but the vast majority of them stayed as manuscripts.
Libraries in Veľký Krtíš
and in Tisovec
are named after him.
Velký Krtíš
Veľký Krtíš is a town in southern Slovakia, situated in the historical Novohrad region. The town's most important economic sectors are mining and agriculture.-History:...
- † May 29, 1892 Kraskovo
Kraskovo
Kraskovo is an urban locality in Lyuberetsky District of Moscow Oblast, Russia. Population: Its elevation is above the sea level...
) was a Slovak writer
Writer
A writer is a person who produces literature, such as novels, short stories, plays, screenplays, poetry, or other literary art. Skilled writers are able to use language to portray ideas and images....
, pedagogue ethnographer and director of a first Slovak Gymnasium in Revúca
Revúca
Revúca is a town in Banská Bystrica Region, Slovakia. Revúca is the seat of Revúca District.-History:...
.
Early years and career
August Horislav Škultéty attended basic school in TisovecTisovec
Tisovec is a town in central Slovakia. Its current population is approximately 4,000.- Location and landscape :Tisovec is situated in the valley of the river Rimava, at the foots of the Muránska planina plateau. The landscape there gives the impression of a small town in the mountains...
. In 1833–1836 he attended lower secondary school at the Evangelical Lyceum in Banská Štiavnica
Banská Štiavnica
Banská Štiavnica is a town in central Slovakia, in the middle of an immense caldera created by the collapse of an ancient volcano. For its size, the caldera is known as Štiavnica Mountains. Banská Štiavnica has a population of more than 10,000. It is a completely preserved medieval town...
and graduated at Evangelical High School in Kežmarok
Kežmarok
Kežmarok is a town in the Spiš region of eastern Slovakia , on the Poprad River.-History:...
. During 1836–1839, he studied theology
Theology
Theology is the systematic and rational study of religion and its influences and of the nature of religious truths, or the learned profession acquired by completing specialized training in religious studies, usually at a university or school of divinity or seminary.-Definition:Augustine of Hippo...
at the Evangelical Seminary in Bratislava
Bratislava
Bratislava is the capital of Slovakia and, with a population of about 431,000, also the country's largest city. Bratislava is in southwestern Slovakia on both banks of the Danube River. Bordering Austria and Hungary, it is the only national capital that borders two independent countries.Bratislava...
. Since 1839 he was assistant of the professor Juraj Palkovič at the Department of Czech and Slovak Speech and Literature, Evangelical Seminary in Bratislava
Bratislava
Bratislava is the capital of Slovakia and, with a population of about 431,000, also the country's largest city. Bratislava is in southwestern Slovakia on both banks of the Danube River. Bordering Austria and Hungary, it is the only national capital that borders two independent countries.Bratislava...
. In the years 1841–1848 he was a chaplain in superintendancy of Pavol Jozeffy in Tisovec
Tisovec
Tisovec is a town in central Slovakia. Its current population is approximately 4,000.- Location and landscape :Tisovec is situated in the valley of the river Rimava, at the foots of the Muránska planina plateau. The landscape there gives the impression of a small town in the mountains...
. From 1848 to 1850 served as a priest
Priest
A priest is a person authorized to perform the sacred rites of a religion, especially as a mediatory agent between humans and deities. They also have the authority or power to administer religious rites; in particular, rites of sacrifice to, and propitiation of, a deity or deities...
in Dlhá Ves
Dlhá Ves
Dlhá Ves is a village and municipality in the Rožňava District in the Košice Region of eastern Slovakia.-Geography:The village lies at an altitude of 330 metres and covers an area of 10.760 km².It has a population of about 600 people.-Culture:...
and during 1850–1852 in Rozložná
Rozložná
Rozložná is a village and municipality in the Rožňava District in the Košice Region of middle-eastern Slovakia.-Geography:The village lies at an altitude of 306 metres and covers an area of 12.589 km².It has a population of about 200 people....
. From 1862–1874 he worked for the First Slovak Grammar School in Revúca
Revúca
Revúca is a town in Banská Bystrica Region, Slovakia. Revúca is the seat of Revúca District.-History:...
. In the years 1875–1891 he had been a priest in Kraskovo
Kraskovo
Kraskovo is an urban locality in Lyuberetsky District of Moscow Oblast, Russia. Population: Its elevation is above the sea level...
.
During his stay in Bratislava
Bratislava
Bratislava is the capital of Slovakia and, with a population of about 431,000, also the country's largest city. Bratislava is in southwestern Slovakia on both banks of the Danube River. Bordering Austria and Hungary, it is the only national capital that borders two independent countries.Bratislava...
he actively promoted the usage of Slovak language in seondary grammar schools as well as protestant universities. Šultéty played an important role in the development of the Department of Czech and Slovak Speech at Evangelical Seminary.
During his stay in Tisovec
Tisovec
Tisovec is a town in central Slovakia. Its current population is approximately 4,000.- Location and landscape :Tisovec is situated in the valley of the river Rimava, at the foots of the Muránska planina plateau. The landscape there gives the impression of a small town in the mountains...
he belonged to the founders of a public reading circle and a church library
Library
In a traditional sense, a library is a large collection of books, and can refer to the place in which the collection is housed. Today, the term can refer to any collection, including digital sources, resources, and services...
. In 1847 the Evangelical Seminary in Bratislava had been closed by Hungarian authorities. In the revolutionary years of 1848–1849, he was arrested and examined by Hungarian authorities at court in Plešivec because of his literal and political struggle for the development of the national life of Slovaks.
He became a member of the committee for the establishment of the First Slovak Grammar School in Revúca
Revúca
Revúca is a town in Banská Bystrica Region, Slovakia. Revúca is the seat of Revúca District.-History:...
, opened on 16 September 1862. He worked there as a professor of religion, and later as director. Under his guidance, the institute became an important center of Slovak education and this fact caused permanent attacks of Magyarisation school policy, which peaked in 1874, when the Grammar School was closed by the Hungarian authorities.
Literary works
His literal work significantly developed Slovak literatureLiterature
Literature is the art of written works, and is not bound to published sources...
, education
Education
Education in its broadest, general sense is the means through which the aims and habits of a group of people lives on from one generation to the next. Generally, it occurs through any experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or acts...
and pedagogy
Pedagogy
Pedagogy is the study of being a teacher or the process of teaching. The term generally refers to strategies of instruction, or a style of instruction....
, particularly for children and youth
Youth
Youth is the time of life between childhood and adulthood . Definitions of the specific age range that constitutes youth vary. An individual's actual maturity may not correspond to their chronological age, as immature individuals could exist at all ages.-Usage:Around the world, the terms "youth",...
. In 1840, he published his collection of poetry
Poetry
Poetry is a form of literary art in which language is used for its aesthetic and evocative qualities in addition to, or in lieu of, its apparent meaning...
, named Básne, as the first person from the Štúr
Štúr
Štúr is surname of: * Ľudovít Velislav Štúr, * 3393 Štúr, a main belt asteroid* Štúrovo* , née Kazárová - References :...
generation.
Zábavník pre dietky was the first original literary work for children, written in Slovak language. Then in 1850 and 1855 Škultéty´s two text books Rečňovanka pre Slovenskje školi were issued, which affected the patriotic, linguistic and aesthetic education in Slovak schools. He also wrote Slovak folk fairy tales together with Štefan Marko Daxner
Štefan Marko Daxner
Štefan Marko Daxner was a Slovak lower nobleman, politician, lawyer, and poet. He was one of the most significant persons in Slovak history of the 19th century. He was a member of the Ľudovít Štúr generation.He studied at the Lutheran Lyceum of Bratislava and at the College of Prešov...
and Čipka
Jonatán Dobroslav Čipka
-Education and early work:He attended the primary school in Tisovec. Then he studied at the Lyceum in Kežmarok and Bratislava. Later he continued his University studies in Jena, where he graduated. After the studies, he was an educator at baron Révay in Mošovce. In the years 1845–1847 he was a...
, which were collected to the Codex Tisovský and later became the source to Dobšinský
Pavol Dobšinský
Pavol Dobšinský was a Slovak collector of folklore and writer belonging to the period of Romanticism and the Shir generation. He is perhaps best known for creating the largest and most complete collection of Slovak folktales, Prostonárodnie slovenské povesti , self-published in a series of eight...
Slovenské Povesti. Altogether he is an author of 14 textbooks, but the vast majority of them stayed as manuscripts.
Libraries in Veľký Krtíš
Velký Krtíš
Veľký Krtíš is a town in southern Slovakia, situated in the historical Novohrad region. The town's most important economic sectors are mining and agriculture.-History:...
and in Tisovec
Tisovec
Tisovec is a town in central Slovakia. Its current population is approximately 4,000.- Location and landscape :Tisovec is situated in the valley of the river Rimava, at the foots of the Muránska planina plateau. The landscape there gives the impression of a small town in the mountains...
are named after him.