Ancol
Encyclopedia
Ancol is an Administrative Village (Kelurahan) in Pademangan
Subdistrict, North Jakarta
, Jakarta
. It is located in the coastal lowland of Jakarta. Ancol is bounded by Jakarta Bay to the north, Sunda Kelapa
harbor to the west, and Kali Japat canal to the east. Ancol has the area code of 14430.
Ancol contains the main beach resort of Jakarta. Taman Impian Jaya Ancol
, the largest integrated tourism area in South East Asia, is located in Ancol.
The name Ancol was first mentioned in Koropak 406, a palm leaf manuscript written in late 16th century. It stated the attempt of the Sultanate of Banten
, Cirebon, and Demak
to siege Sunda Kelapa
, and that the area of Ancol is considered an important area to attack Sunda Kelapa from the east:
According to Indonesian National Dictionary (Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia), the word Ancol has the same meaning as the word Tanjung, which means "a body of land extending into a body of water / a cape".
and swamps. The area is located to the east of Sunda Kelapa
harbor, the main harbor of Sunda Kingdom
from 13th to 16th century, and is considered as a weak point for the defense of Sunda Kelapa. Sunda Kelapa port served the capital, the Hindu Sundanese kingdom of Pakuan Pajajaran
, located about 60 km inland south, along Ciliwung river hinterland
, now the site of modern Bogor
. According to the Chinese source, Chu-fan-chi, written circa 1200, The people around Sunda Kelapa port worked in agriculture and their houses were built on wooden piles. However, robbers and thieves plagued the country.
When the Portuguese arrived in the late 16th century, the Hindu kingdom of Pakuan Pajajaran welcomed their arrival and hoped that the Portuguese would protect them from the attack by the Islamic Sultanate of Banten
, Demak
, and Cirebon. Despite their alliance, the three sultanates, under the leadership of Fatahillah, managed to defeat both the kingdom of Pakuan Pajajaran and the Portuguese by attacking the port from the east area, through the area of Ancol. Sunda Kelapa was renamed into Jayakarta.
Later in the 17th century, Jayakarta was defeated by the Dutch. The city was completely eradicated and a new city was developed on the area of Sunda Kelapa on the mouth of Ciliwung River. The new city was called Batavia. During this Dutch colonial period, a fort called Fort Zouteland (Dutch "saline land") was constructed on the area of Ancol. The name came from the fact that the area was occasionally flooded by the sea water. The dutch built resort houses along the coastal area of Ancol, such as the house of Adriaan Valckenier
, the Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies
. A canal called Antjolschevaart or Antjolie Vaart and a fort called Ancol (located about 5 kilometer east of old Batavia) was built by the Dutch in Ancol area.
In the early 19th century, during the governmency of Herman Willem Daendels
(1808–1811), the old city of Batavia was abandoned because of the increasing malaria
plague. In effect, the government create a new town in the south, called Weltevreden, and Batavia grows to the south. Because of this, the area of Ancol was left undeveloped.
During the Japanese occupation
, the swampy area of Ancol was used as places of execution and mass grave
for those who opposed the Japanese troops. These victims were later reburied in a new cemetery on the coast of Ancol, Ancol Cemetery, inaugurated on September 14, 1946. The cemetery, also known as the "cemetery of the executed", contains more than 2,000 victims of execution during the Japanese occupation, many of whom are unknown. Because of its close proximity to the coast, the cemetery is threatened by sea water flooding.
The first idea to develop the area of Ancol into a resort was initiated by Indonesia's first president, Soekarno, in 1965. The idea opposed the first idea of developing Ancol into an industrial area. The development was started during the governency of Ali Sadikin
, the governor of Jakarta in 1966. The first facility is the Bina Ria Ancol beach, best known for its drive-in theater
especially during the 1970s. The Dunia Fantasi theme park was built in 1984. Today, the 552 hectare recreation area is known as the Ancol Jakarta Bay City, contains hotels, cottages, beaches, a theme park, traditional market places, an oceanarium, a golf field and marina.
Pademangan
Pademangan is a subdistrict of North Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia. The area of Pademangan stretches from the Sunda Kelapa Harbor on the east to the western area of Tanjung Priok Harbor to the east. Pademangan also covers the area that was formerly known as Kemayoran Airport...
Subdistrict, North Jakarta
North Jakarta
North Jakarta is one of the five cities of Jakarta, Indonesia. North Jakarta contains the entire coastal area within Jakarta Special District. In North Jakarta, an area at the estuary of Ciliwung river was the main port for the kingdom of Tarumanegara, which will later grows to become Jakarta....
, Jakarta
Jakarta
Jakarta is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. Officially known as the Special Capital Territory of Jakarta, it is located on the northwest coast of Java, has an area of , and a population of 9,580,000. Jakarta is the country's economic, cultural and political centre...
. It is located in the coastal lowland of Jakarta. Ancol is bounded by Jakarta Bay to the north, Sunda Kelapa
Sunda Kelapa
Sunda Kelapa is the old port of Jakarta located on the estuarine of Ciliwung River. "Sunda Kalapa" is the original name, and it was the main port of Sunda Kingdom of Pajajaran. The port is situated in Penjaringan sub-district, of North Jakarta, Indonesia...
harbor to the west, and Kali Japat canal to the east. Ancol has the area code of 14430.
Ancol contains the main beach resort of Jakarta. Taman Impian Jaya Ancol
Taman Impian Jaya Ancol
Taman Impian Jaya Ancol otherwise known as Ancol Dreamland is an integral part of Ancol Bay City, a resort destination located along Jakarta's waterfront, in Ancol Kelurahan, Pademangan, Indonesia....
, the largest integrated tourism area in South East Asia, is located in Ancol.
Etymology
Ancol has been variously known in history as Anciol, Angiol, Anschiol, Ansjol, Antsyol, Anjool.The name Ancol was first mentioned in Koropak 406, a palm leaf manuscript written in late 16th century. It stated the attempt of the Sultanate of Banten
Sultanate of Banten
The Sultanate of Banten was founded in the 16th century and centered in Banten, a port city on the northwest coast of Java; the contemporary English spelling of both was Bantam...
, Cirebon, and Demak
Sultanate of Demak
The Sultanate of Demak was Javanese Muslim state located on Java's north coast in Indonesia, at the site of the present day city of Demak. A port fief to the Majapahit kingdom thought to have been founded in the last quarter of the 15th century, it was influenced by Islam brought by Arab and...
to siege Sunda Kelapa
Sunda Kelapa
Sunda Kelapa is the old port of Jakarta located on the estuarine of Ciliwung River. "Sunda Kalapa" is the original name, and it was the main port of Sunda Kingdom of Pajajaran. The port is situated in Penjaringan sub-district, of North Jakarta, Indonesia...
, and that the area of Ancol is considered an important area to attack Sunda Kelapa from the east:
- …Disilihan inya ku prebu Surawisesa, iny nu surup ka padaren, kasuran, kadiran, kuwamen. Prangrang lima welas kali hanteu eleh, ngalakukeun bala sariwu. Prangrang ka Kalapa deung Aaria burah. Prangrang ka Tanjung. Prangrang ka Ancol kiyi….
According to Indonesian National Dictionary (Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia), the word Ancol has the same meaning as the word Tanjung, which means "a body of land extending into a body of water / a cape".
History
The area of modern Ancol was originally a coastal lowlands, characterized with the brackish water area containing mangrove forestsMangrove
Mangroves are various kinds of trees up to medium height and shrubs that grow in saline coastal sediment habitats in the tropics and subtropics – mainly between latitudes N and S...
and swamps. The area is located to the east of Sunda Kelapa
Sunda Kelapa
Sunda Kelapa is the old port of Jakarta located on the estuarine of Ciliwung River. "Sunda Kalapa" is the original name, and it was the main port of Sunda Kingdom of Pajajaran. The port is situated in Penjaringan sub-district, of North Jakarta, Indonesia...
harbor, the main harbor of Sunda Kingdom
Sunda Kingdom
The Sunda Kingdom was a Hindu kingdom located on the western part of Java from 669 to around 1579, covering areas of present-day Banten, Jakarta, West Java, and the western part of Central Java...
from 13th to 16th century, and is considered as a weak point for the defense of Sunda Kelapa. Sunda Kelapa port served the capital, the Hindu Sundanese kingdom of Pakuan Pajajaran
Pakuan Pajajaran
Pakuan Pajajaran was a capital city of Sunda kingdom. In this city, king Prabu Susuktunggal established a palace called "Sri Bimapunta Narayana Madura Suradipati"....
, located about 60 km inland south, along Ciliwung river hinterland
Hinterland
The hinterland is the land or district behind a coast or the shoreline of a river. Specifically, by the doctrine of the hinterland, the word is applied to the inland region lying behind a port, claimed by the state that owns the coast. The area from which products are delivered to a port for...
, now the site of modern Bogor
Bogor
Bogor is a city on the island of Java in the West Java province of Indonesia. The city is located in the center of the Bogor Regency , 60 kilometers south of the Indonesian capital Jakarta...
. According to the Chinese source, Chu-fan-chi, written circa 1200, The people around Sunda Kelapa port worked in agriculture and their houses were built on wooden piles. However, robbers and thieves plagued the country.
When the Portuguese arrived in the late 16th century, the Hindu kingdom of Pakuan Pajajaran welcomed their arrival and hoped that the Portuguese would protect them from the attack by the Islamic Sultanate of Banten
Sultanate of Banten
The Sultanate of Banten was founded in the 16th century and centered in Banten, a port city on the northwest coast of Java; the contemporary English spelling of both was Bantam...
, Demak
Sultanate of Demak
The Sultanate of Demak was Javanese Muslim state located on Java's north coast in Indonesia, at the site of the present day city of Demak. A port fief to the Majapahit kingdom thought to have been founded in the last quarter of the 15th century, it was influenced by Islam brought by Arab and...
, and Cirebon. Despite their alliance, the three sultanates, under the leadership of Fatahillah, managed to defeat both the kingdom of Pakuan Pajajaran and the Portuguese by attacking the port from the east area, through the area of Ancol. Sunda Kelapa was renamed into Jayakarta.
Later in the 17th century, Jayakarta was defeated by the Dutch. The city was completely eradicated and a new city was developed on the area of Sunda Kelapa on the mouth of Ciliwung River. The new city was called Batavia. During this Dutch colonial period, a fort called Fort Zouteland (Dutch "saline land") was constructed on the area of Ancol. The name came from the fact that the area was occasionally flooded by the sea water. The dutch built resort houses along the coastal area of Ancol, such as the house of Adriaan Valckenier
Adriaan Valckenier
Adriaan Valckenier , was Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies from 3 May 1737 until 6 November 1741....
, the Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies
Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies
The Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies represented the Dutch rule in the Dutch East Indies between 1610 and Dutch recognition of the independence of Indonesia in 1949.The first Governors-General were appointed by the Dutch East India Company...
. A canal called Antjolschevaart or Antjolie Vaart and a fort called Ancol (located about 5 kilometer east of old Batavia) was built by the Dutch in Ancol area.
In the early 19th century, during the governmency of Herman Willem Daendels
Herman Willem Daendels
Herman Willem Daendels was a Dutch politician who served as the 36th Governor General of the Dutch East Indies between 1808 and 1811....
(1808–1811), the old city of Batavia was abandoned because of the increasing malaria
Malaria
Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease of humans and other animals caused by eukaryotic protists of the genus Plasmodium. The disease results from the multiplication of Plasmodium parasites within red blood cells, causing symptoms that typically include fever and headache, in severe cases...
plague. In effect, the government create a new town in the south, called Weltevreden, and Batavia grows to the south. Because of this, the area of Ancol was left undeveloped.
During the Japanese occupation
Japanese Occupation of Indonesia
The Japanese Empire occupied Indonesia, known then as the Dutch East Indies, during World War II from March 1942 until after the end of War in 1945...
, the swampy area of Ancol was used as places of execution and mass grave
Mass grave
A mass grave is a grave containing multiple number of human corpses, which may or may not be identified prior to burial. There is no strict definition of the minimum number of bodies required to constitute a mass grave, although the United Nations defines a mass grave as a burial site which...
for those who opposed the Japanese troops. These victims were later reburied in a new cemetery on the coast of Ancol, Ancol Cemetery, inaugurated on September 14, 1946. The cemetery, also known as the "cemetery of the executed", contains more than 2,000 victims of execution during the Japanese occupation, many of whom are unknown. Because of its close proximity to the coast, the cemetery is threatened by sea water flooding.
The first idea to develop the area of Ancol into a resort was initiated by Indonesia's first president, Soekarno, in 1965. The idea opposed the first idea of developing Ancol into an industrial area. The development was started during the governency of Ali Sadikin
Ali Sadikin
Ali Sadikin was an Indonesian politician. He was often called Bang Ali. He served as the governor of Jakarta, the country's capital, from 1966 to 1977. Appointed by a weak Sukarno, he likely had the full approval of Suharto. A former marine, he saw the city as a battlefield...
, the governor of Jakarta in 1966. The first facility is the Bina Ria Ancol beach, best known for its drive-in theater
Drive-in theater
A drive-in theater is a form of cinema structure consisting of a large outdoor screen, a projection booth, a concession stand and a large parking area for automobiles. Within this enclosed area, customers can view movies from the privacy and comfort of their cars.The screen can be as simple as a...
especially during the 1970s. The Dunia Fantasi theme park was built in 1984. Today, the 552 hectare recreation area is known as the Ancol Jakarta Bay City, contains hotels, cottages, beaches, a theme park, traditional market places, an oceanarium, a golf field and marina.