Amphiphysin
Encyclopedia
Amphiphysin is a protein
that in humans is encoded by the AMPH gene
.
Amphiphysin is a brain-enriched protein
with an N-terminal lipid
interaction, dimerisation and membrane
bending BAR domain
, a middle clathrin
and adaptor binding domain and a C-terminal SH3 domain. In the brain, its primary function is thought to be the recruitment of dynamin
to sites of clathrin-mediated endocytosis
. There are 2 mammalian amphiphysins with similar overall structure. A ubiquitous splice form of amphiphysin 2 that does not contain clathrin or adaptor interactions is highly expressed in muscle
tissue
and is involved in the formation and stabilization of the T-tubule network. In other tissues amphiphysin is likely involved in other membrane bending and curvature stabilization events.
with DNM1
, Phospholipase D1
, CDK5R1
, PLD2
, CABIN1
and SH3GL2
.
Protein
Proteins are biochemical compounds consisting of one or more polypeptides typically folded into a globular or fibrous form, facilitating a biological function. A polypeptide is a single linear polymer chain of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of...
that in humans is encoded by the AMPH gene
Gene
A gene is a molecular unit of heredity of a living organism. It is a name given to some stretches of DNA and RNA that code for a type of protein or for an RNA chain that has a function in the organism. Living beings depend on genes, as they specify all proteins and functional RNA chains...
.
Amphiphysin is a brain-enriched protein
Protein
Proteins are biochemical compounds consisting of one or more polypeptides typically folded into a globular or fibrous form, facilitating a biological function. A polypeptide is a single linear polymer chain of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of...
with an N-terminal lipid
Lipid
Lipids constitute a broad group of naturally occurring molecules that include fats, waxes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins , monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, phospholipids, and others...
interaction, dimerisation and membrane
Cell membrane
The cell membrane or plasma membrane is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment. The cell membrane is selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules and controls the movement of substances in and out of cells. It basically protects the cell...
bending BAR domain
BAR domain
BAR domains are highly conserved protein dimerisation domains that occur in many proteins involved in membrane dynamics in a cell. The BAR domain is banana shaped and binds to membrane via its concave face. It is capable of sensing membrane curvature by binding preferentially to curved membranes...
, a middle clathrin
Clathrin
Clathrin is a protein that plays a major role in the formation of coated vesicles. Clathrin was first isolated and named by Barbara Pearse in 1975. It forms a triskelion shape composed of three clathrin heavy chains and three light chains. When the triskelia interact they form a polyhedral lattice...
and adaptor binding domain and a C-terminal SH3 domain. In the brain, its primary function is thought to be the recruitment of dynamin
Dynamin
Dynamin is a GTPase responsible for endocytosis in the eukaryotic cell. Dynamins are principally involved in the scission of newly formed vesicles from the membrane of one cellular compartment and their targeting to, and fusion with, another compartment, both at the cell surface as well as at the...
to sites of clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Endocytosis
Endocytosis is a process by which cells absorb molecules by engulfing them. It is used by all cells of the body because most substances important to them are large polar molecules that cannot pass through the hydrophobic plasma or cell membrane...
. There are 2 mammalian amphiphysins with similar overall structure. A ubiquitous splice form of amphiphysin 2 that does not contain clathrin or adaptor interactions is highly expressed in muscle
Muscle
Muscle is a contractile tissue of animals and is derived from the mesodermal layer of embryonic germ cells. Muscle cells contain contractile filaments that move past each other and change the size of the cell. They are classified as skeletal, cardiac, or smooth muscles. Their function is to...
tissue
Biological tissue
Tissue is a cellular organizational level intermediate between cells and a complete organism. A tissue is an ensemble of cells, not necessarily identical, but from the same origin, that together carry out a specific function. These are called tissues because of their identical functioning...
and is involved in the formation and stabilization of the T-tubule network. In other tissues amphiphysin is likely involved in other membrane bending and curvature stabilization events.
Interactions
Amphiphysin has been shown to interactProtein-protein interaction
Protein–protein interactions occur when two or more proteins bind together, often to carry out their biological function. Many of the most important molecular processes in the cell such as DNA replication are carried out by large molecular machines that are built from a large number of protein...
with DNM1
DNM1
Dynamin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DNM1 gene.-Interactions:DNM1 has been shown to interact with Amphiphysin, FNBP1, NCK1, PACSIN1, Grb2 and SH3GL2.-Further reading:...
, Phospholipase D1
Phospholipase D1
Phospholipase D1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLD1 gene.-Interactions:Phospholipase D1 has been shown to interact with RALA, BIN1, Amphiphysin, Alpha-synuclein, PEA15, RHOA, Protein kinase N1 and CDC42.-Inhibitors:...
, CDK5R1
CDK5R1
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activator 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CDK5R1 gene.-Interactions:CDK5R1 has been shown to interact with CDK5RAP2, Beta-catenin, Cyclin-dependent kinase 5, Amphiphysin, Protein SET, CAMK2A, Actinin, alpha 1 and PCTK1.-Further reading:...
, PLD2
PLD2
Phospholipase D2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLD2 gene.-Interactions:PLD2 has been shown to interact with BIN1, Amphiphysin, Aldolase A, PLCG1, ARF1, Src, PRKCD, Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase ,Caveolin 1,and Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein.-Inhibitors:* N--2-naphthamide:...
, CABIN1
CABIN1
Calcineurin-binding protein cabin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CABIN1 gene.-Interactions:CABIN1 has been shown to interact with MEF2B, MEF2D, Amphiphysin and SIN3A.-Further reading:...
and SH3GL2
SH3GL2
Endophilin-A1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SH3GL2 gene.-Interactions:SH3GL2 has been shown to interact with DNM1, Amphiphysin, ADAM9, SH3KBP1 and ADAM15.-Further reading:...
.