Amon Göth
Encyclopedia
Amon Leopold Göth was an Austrian Nazi and the commandant of the Nazi concentration camp at Płaszów, General Government
(a German-occupied area of Poland). A Hauptsturmführer (Captain) of the SS
, he was tried as a war criminal after the war.
After the war, the Supreme National Tribunal of Poland at Kraków found Göth guilty of murdering tens of thousands of people. He was executed by hanging on 13 September 1946, age 37, not far from the former site of the Płaszów camp.
, then the capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, to a family in the book publishing industry. Göth joined a Nazi youth group at the age of 17, moved to a nationalist paramilitary group at the age of 19, and at the age of 22, became a member of the Austrian branch of the Nazi Party. In September 1930, he was assigned the Party Number 510764. Göth simultaneously joined the Austrian SS
and was appointed an SS-Mann with the SS Number 43673.
Göth's early activities are little known, largely because the Austrian SS was an illegal and underground organization until the Anschluss
of Austria by Nazi Germany
in 1938. Between 1932 and 1936, Göth was a member of an Allgemeine-SS company in Vienna and, by 1937, had risen to the rank of SS-Oberscharführer
(Staff Sergeant). Between 1938 and 1941, he was a member of 11th SS-Standarte
operating from Vienna and was commissioned an SS-Untersturmführer
(Second Lieutenant) on 14 July 1941.
Odilo Globočnik
, the SS and Police Leader
of the Kraków
area. He was appointed as a regular SS officer of the Concentration Camp service
, and on 11 February 1943 was assigned to construct and command a forced labour camp at Płaszów. The camp took one month to construct using slave labour and, on 13 March 1943, the Jewish ghetto of Kraków
was closed down (liquidated) with the surviving inhabitants imprisoned in the new slave labor camp. Approximately 2,000 people died during the evacuation. At his later war crimes trial, it was revealed that Göth had personally killed a little over 500 slave laborers during the Płaszów camp's time in operation.
On 3 September 1943, Göth was given the further task of shutting down the ghetto at Tarnów
, where an unknown number of people were killed on the spot. On 3 February 1944, Göth closed down the concentration camp at Szebnie
by ordering the inmates to be murdered on the spot or deported to other camps, again resulting in several thousand deaths.
By April 1944, Göth had been promoted to the rank of SS-Hauptsturmführer
(Captain), having received a double promotion and thus skipping the rank of SS-Obersturmführer
(First Lieutenant). He was also appointed a reserve officer of the Waffen-SS
. His assignment as Commandant of the Płaszów Labour Camp continued, now under the direct authority of the SS Economics and Administration Office.
Göth believed that the Jews themselves should pay for their own executions, so on 11 May 1942, in the small town of Szczebrzeszyn
, the Gestapo ordered the Jewish council to pay 2,000 złoty and 3 kilograms of coffee to cover the expenses for the ammunition used to kill the Jews.
During his tenure as commander of Płaszów, Göth tortured and murdered prisoners on a daily basis. Göth is believed to have personally killed more than 500 imprisoned Jews and sent thousands more to be executed on Hujowa Górka
, a large hill that was used for mass killings along Płaszów's grounds. Poldek Pfefferberg
, one of the Schindler Jews, said, "When you saw Göth, you saw death." According to Płaszów survivor Helen Jonas,
Göth spared the life of a Jewish prisoner Natalia Hubler, later famous as Natalia Karp
, after hearing her play a nocturne
by Chopin on the piano the day after she arrived at the Płaszów camp.
. Shortly thereafter, in Vienna around November 1944, Göth was charged with theft of Jewish property (which, according to Nazi legislation, belonged to the State), and was arrested by the Gestapo
. He was scheduled for an appearance before SS judge Georg Konrad Morgen
, but due to the progress of World War II, and Germany's looming defeat, a court martial was never assembled and the charges against him were summarily dismissed.
He was next assigned to Bad Tölz
, Germany, where he was quickly diagnosed by SS doctors as suffering from mental illness and diabetes. He was committed to a mental institution. He remained there until he was arrested by the United States military in May 1945. At the time of his arrest, Göth claimed to have been recently promoted to SS-Sturmbannführer
and, during later interrogations, several documents listed him as "SS-Major Göth". Rudolf Höss was also of the opinion that Göth had been promoted and, when called to give testimony at Göth's trial, indicated that Göth was an SS-Major in the Concentration Camp service.
Göth's service record, however, does not support the claim of a late war promotion and he is listed in most texts as having held the rank of only SS-Hauptsturmführer
, equivalent to Captain.
After the war, the Supreme National Tribunal of Poland in Kraków found Göth guilty of murdering tens of thousands of people. He was hanged on 13 September 1946, at the age of 37, not far from the former site of the Płaszów camp. At his execution, Göth's hands were tied behind his back. The executioner twice miscalculated the length of rope necessary to hang Göth, and it was only on the third attempt that the execution was successful.
infection. Göth had two more children with Anny Geiger, a daughter named Ingeborg and a son named Werner. Göth's last child was a daughter named Monika (chosen mainly from Göth's childhood nickname, "Mony") whom he had by Ruth Irene Kalder. Monika was born on 23 October 1945.
in the 1993 film, Schindler's List
. In a subsequent interview, Fiennes recalled,
Fiennes won a BAFTA Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role and was also nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
, and his portrayal ranked 15th on AFI
's list of the top 50 film villains of all time
. Notably, he ranks as the highest non-fiction villain. When Płaszów survivor Mila Pfefferberg was introduced to Fiennes on the set of the film, she began to shake uncontrollably, as Fiennes, attired in full SS dress uniform, reminded her of the real Amon Göth. At the film's climax, Göth's hanging is dramatized. However, he is incorrectly shown patting his hair in place and saying "Heil Hitler
" moments before an officer in the People's Army of Poland kicks a chair out from under him.
In 2002, Monika Göth Hertwig published her memoirs under the name Ich muß doch meinen Vater lieben, oder? ("I Must Still Love My Father, Mustn't I?"). Monika also described the subsequent life of her mother, Ruth Kalder Göth, who unconditionally glorified her fiancé until confronted with his role in the Holocaust
. Ruth ultimately committed suicide in 1983 closely after giving an interview in Jon Blair's documentary "Schindler".
Monika Hertwig's experiences in dealing with her father's crimes are also detailed in Inheritance, a 2006 documentary directed by James Moll
. Also appearing in the documentary is Helen Jonas, one of Amon Göth's former house slaves. The documentary details the meeting of the two women at the Płaszów memorial site in Poland.
Dates of rank
Awards
General Government
The General Government was an area of Second Republic of Poland under Nazi German rule during World War II; designated as a separate region of the Third Reich between 1939–1945...
(a German-occupied area of Poland). A Hauptsturmführer (Captain) of the SS
Schutzstaffel
The Schutzstaffel |Sig runes]]) was a major paramilitary organization under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party. Built upon the Nazi ideology, the SS under Heinrich Himmler's command was responsible for many of the crimes against humanity during World War II...
, he was tried as a war criminal after the war.
After the war, the Supreme National Tribunal of Poland at Kraków found Göth guilty of murdering tens of thousands of people. He was executed by hanging on 13 September 1946, age 37, not far from the former site of the Płaszów camp.
Early life and career
Göth was born in ViennaVienna
Vienna is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.723 million , and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre...
, then the capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, to a family in the book publishing industry. Göth joined a Nazi youth group at the age of 17, moved to a nationalist paramilitary group at the age of 19, and at the age of 22, became a member of the Austrian branch of the Nazi Party. In September 1930, he was assigned the Party Number 510764. Göth simultaneously joined the Austrian SS
Austrian SS
The Austrian SS was a segment of the SS developed in 1934 as a covert force to influence the Anschluss with Germany which would occur in 1938. The early Austrian SS was led by Ernst Kaltenbrunner and Arthur Seyss-Inquart...
and was appointed an SS-Mann with the SS Number 43673.
Göth's early activities are little known, largely because the Austrian SS was an illegal and underground organization until the Anschluss
Anschluss
The Anschluss , also known as the ', was the occupation and annexation of Austria into Nazi Germany in 1938....
of Austria by Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany , also known as the Third Reich , but officially called German Reich from 1933 to 1943 and Greater German Reich from 26 June 1943 onward, is the name commonly used to refer to the state of Germany from 1933 to 1945, when it was a totalitarian dictatorship ruled by...
in 1938. Between 1932 and 1936, Göth was a member of an Allgemeine-SS company in Vienna and, by 1937, had risen to the rank of SS-Oberscharführer
Oberscharführer
Oberscharführer was a Nazi Party paramilitary rank that existed between the years of 1932 and 1945. Translated as “Senior Squad Leader”, Oberscharführer was first used as a rank of the Sturmabteilung and was created due to an expansion of the enlisted positions required by growing SA membership...
(Staff Sergeant). Between 1938 and 1941, he was a member of 11th SS-Standarte
11th SS-Standarte
The 11th SS-Standarte was a large regimental formation of the Allgemeine-SS and the principal mustering SS unit in Austria. First formed in 1932, the Standarte was headquartered in Vienna and during its first years of existence served as a base for members of the Austrian SS who were attempting to...
operating from Vienna and was commissioned an SS-Untersturmführer
Untersturmführer
Untersturmführer was a paramilitary rank of the German Schutzstaffel first created in July 1934. The rank can trace its origins to the older SA rank of Sturmführer which had existed since the founding of the SA in 1921...
(Second Lieutenant) on 14 July 1941.
Płaszów
On 11 August 1942, Göth departed from his current position to join the staff of SS-BrigadeführerBrigadeführer
SS-Brigadeführer was an SS rank that was used in Nazi Germany between the years of 1932 and 1945. Brigadeführer was also an SA rank....
Odilo Globočnik
Odilo Globocnik
Odilo Lotario Globocnik was a prominent Austrian Nazi and later an SS leader. He was an acquaintance of Adolf Eichmann, who played a major role in the extermination of Jews and others during the Holocaust...
, the SS and Police Leader
SS and Police Leader
SS and Police Leader was a title for senior Nazi officials that commanded large units of the SS, of Gestapo and of the regular German police during and prior to World War II.Three levels of subordination were established for bearers of this title:...
of the Kraków
Kraków
Kraków also Krakow, or Cracow , is the second largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in the Lesser Poland region, the city dates back to the 7th century. Kraków has traditionally been one of the leading centres of Polish academic, cultural, and artistic life...
area. He was appointed as a regular SS officer of the Concentration Camp service
SS-Totenkopfverbände
SS-Totenkopfverbände , meaning "Death's-Head Units", was the SS organization responsible for administering the Nazi concentration camps for the Third Reich....
, and on 11 February 1943 was assigned to construct and command a forced labour camp at Płaszów. The camp took one month to construct using slave labour and, on 13 March 1943, the Jewish ghetto of Kraków
Kraków Ghetto
The Kraków Ghetto was one of five major, metropolitan Jewish ghettos created by Nazi Germany in the General Government territory for the purpose of persecution, terror, and exploitation of Polish Jews during the German occupation of Poland in World War II...
was closed down (liquidated) with the surviving inhabitants imprisoned in the new slave labor camp. Approximately 2,000 people died during the evacuation. At his later war crimes trial, it was revealed that Göth had personally killed a little over 500 slave laborers during the Płaszów camp's time in operation.
On 3 September 1943, Göth was given the further task of shutting down the ghetto at Tarnów
Tarnów
Tarnów is a city in southeastern Poland with 115,341 inhabitants as of June 2009. The city has been situated in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship since 1999, but from 1975 to 1998 it was the capital of the Tarnów Voivodeship. It is a major rail junction, located on the strategic east-west connection...
, where an unknown number of people were killed on the spot. On 3 February 1944, Göth closed down the concentration camp at Szebnie
Szebnie
Szebnie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jasło, within Jasło County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It lies approximately east of Jasło and south-west of the regional capital Rzeszów.-References:...
by ordering the inmates to be murdered on the spot or deported to other camps, again resulting in several thousand deaths.
Hauptsturmführer
Hauptsturmführer was a Nazi rank of the SS which was used between the years of 1934 and 1945. The rank of Hauptsturmführer was a mid-grade company level officer and was the equivalent of a Captain in the German Army and also the equivalent of captain in foreign armies...
(Captain), having received a double promotion and thus skipping the rank of SS-Obersturmführer
Hauptsturmführer
Hauptsturmführer was a Nazi rank of the SS which was used between the years of 1934 and 1945. The rank of Hauptsturmführer was a mid-grade company level officer and was the equivalent of a Captain in the German Army and also the equivalent of captain in foreign armies...
(First Lieutenant). He was also appointed a reserve officer of the Waffen-SS
Waffen-SS
The Waffen-SS was a multi-ethnic and multi-national military force of the Third Reich. It constituted the armed wing of the Schutzstaffel or SS, an organ of the Nazi Party. The Waffen-SS saw action throughout World War II and grew from three regiments to over 38 divisions, and served alongside...
. His assignment as Commandant of the Płaszów Labour Camp continued, now under the direct authority of the SS Economics and Administration Office.
Göth believed that the Jews themselves should pay for their own executions, so on 11 May 1942, in the small town of Szczebrzeszyn
Szczebrzeszyn
Szczebrzeszyn is a city in southeastern Poland in Lublin Voivodeship, in Zamość County, about 20 km west of Zamość. From 1975–1999, it was part of the Zamość Voivodeship administrative district. The town serves as the seat to Gmina Szczebrzeszyn. A 2004 census counted 5,357 inhabitants...
, the Gestapo ordered the Jewish council to pay 2,000 złoty and 3 kilograms of coffee to cover the expenses for the ammunition used to kill the Jews.
During his tenure as commander of Płaszów, Göth tortured and murdered prisoners on a daily basis. Göth is believed to have personally killed more than 500 imprisoned Jews and sent thousands more to be executed on Hujowa Górka
Hujowa Górka
Hujowa Górka is a place near Kraków-Płaszów concentration camp, where in April 1944 the Nazis exhumed and burnt the bodies of around ten thousand previously killed Jews. The place takes its name from the surname of Unterscharführer Albert Hujar, who is portrayed by Norbert Weisser in Schindler's...
, a large hill that was used for mass killings along Płaszów's grounds. Poldek Pfefferberg
Poldek Pfefferberg
Leopold "Poldek" Pfefferberg, , also known as Leopold Page, Library of Congress. Retrieved 8 September 2006. was a Polish-American Holocaust survivor who inspired the Australian writer Thomas Keneally to write the Booker prize-winning novel Schindler's Ark, which in turn was the basis for Steven...
, one of the Schindler Jews, said, "When you saw Göth, you saw death." According to Płaszów survivor Helen Jonas,
As a survivor I can tell you that we are all traumatized people. Never would I, never, believe that any human being would be capable of such horror, of such atrocities. When we saw him from a distance, everybody was hiding, in latrines, wherever they could hide. I can't tell you how people feared him.
Göth spared the life of a Jewish prisoner Natalia Hubler, later famous as Natalia Karp
Natalia Karp
Natalia Karp was a London based concert pianist and Holocaust survivor.-Early life:Karp was born as Natalia Weissman in Kraków, Poland, and began learning piano at the age of four...
, after hearing her play a nocturne
Nocturne
A nocturne is usually a musical composition that is inspired by, or evocative of, the night...
by Chopin on the piano the day after she arrived at the Płaszów camp.
Dismissal and capture
On 13 September 1944, Göth was relieved of his position as Commandant of Płaszów and was assigned to the SS Office of Economics and AdministrationSS-Wirtschafts-Verwaltungshauptamt
The SS-Wirtschafts-Verwaltungshauptamt was responsible for managing the finances, supply systems and business projects for the Allgemeine-SS...
. Shortly thereafter, in Vienna around November 1944, Göth was charged with theft of Jewish property (which, according to Nazi legislation, belonged to the State), and was arrested by the Gestapo
Gestapo
The Gestapo was the official secret police of Nazi Germany. Beginning on 20 April 1934, it was under the administration of the SS leader Heinrich Himmler in his position as Chief of German Police...
. He was scheduled for an appearance before SS judge Georg Konrad Morgen
Georg Konrad Morgen
Georg Konrad Morgen was an SS judge and lawyer who investigated crimes committed in Nazi concentration camps.-Life:...
, but due to the progress of World War II, and Germany's looming defeat, a court martial was never assembled and the charges against him were summarily dismissed.
He was next assigned to Bad Tölz
Bad Tölz
Bad Tölz is a town in Bavaria, Germany, and administrative center of the district of Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen.- History :Since the retreat of the glaciers at the end of the Ice Age, archaeology has shown continuous occupation of the site of Bad Tölz...
, Germany, where he was quickly diagnosed by SS doctors as suffering from mental illness and diabetes. He was committed to a mental institution. He remained there until he was arrested by the United States military in May 1945. At the time of his arrest, Göth claimed to have been recently promoted to SS-Sturmbannführer
Sturmbannführer
Sturmbannführer was a paramilitary rank of the Nazi Party equivalent to major, used both in the Sturmabteilung and the Schutzstaffel...
and, during later interrogations, several documents listed him as "SS-Major Göth". Rudolf Höss was also of the opinion that Göth had been promoted and, when called to give testimony at Göth's trial, indicated that Göth was an SS-Major in the Concentration Camp service.
Göth's service record, however, does not support the claim of a late war promotion and he is listed in most texts as having held the rank of only SS-Hauptsturmführer
Hauptsturmführer
Hauptsturmführer was a Nazi rank of the SS which was used between the years of 1934 and 1945. The rank of Hauptsturmführer was a mid-grade company level officer and was the equivalent of a Captain in the German Army and also the equivalent of captain in foreign armies...
, equivalent to Captain.
Execution
Family
Göth was married and divorced twice. His first marriage was to Olga Janauschek in January 1934. They were divorced in July 1936. His second marriage was to Anny Geiger in October 1938; this ended in 1944. Soon after his second marriage ended, Göth was engaged to Ruth Irene Kalder, (nicknamed "Majola" in the Płaszów camp during her stay in Göth's "Red Villa"), who had taken Göth's name shortly after his death. Through these relationships, Göth had two sons and two daughters. Göth's first child, a boy named Peter, died seven months after his birth from a diphtheriaDiphtheria
Diphtheria is an upper respiratory tract illness caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, a facultative anaerobic, Gram-positive bacterium. It is characterized by sore throat, low fever, and an adherent membrane on the tonsils, pharynx, and/or nasal cavity...
infection. Göth had two more children with Anny Geiger, a daughter named Ingeborg and a son named Werner. Göth's last child was a daughter named Monika (chosen mainly from Göth's childhood nickname, "Mony") whom he had by Ruth Irene Kalder. Monika was born on 23 October 1945.
In popular culture
Göth's actions at Płaszów Labor Camp became internationally known through his depiction by British actor Ralph FiennesRalph Fiennes
Ralph Nathaniel Twisleton-Wykeham-Fiennes is an English actor and film director. He has appeared in such films as The English Patient, In Bruges, The Constant Gardener, Strange Days, The Duchess and Schindler's List....
in the 1993 film, Schindler's List
Schindler's List
Schindler's List is a 1993 American film about Oskar Schindler, a German businessman who saved the lives of more than a thousand mostly Polish-Jewish refugees during the Holocaust by employing them in his factories. The film was directed by Steven Spielberg, and based on the novel Schindler's Ark...
. In a subsequent interview, Fiennes recalled,
Evil is cumulative. It happens. People believe that they’ve got to do a job, they’ve got to take on an ideology, that they’ve got a life to lead; they’ve got to survive, a job to do, it’s every day inch by inch, little compromises, little ways of telling yourself this is how you should lead your life and suddenly then these things can happen. I mean, I could make a judgment myself privately, this is a terrible, evil, horrific man. But the job was to portray the man, the human being. There’s a sort of banality, that everydayness, that I think was important. And it was in the screenplay. In fact, one of the first scenes with Oskar SchindlerOskar SchindlerOskar Schindler was an ethnic German industrialist born in Moravia. He is credited with saving over 1,100 Jews during the Holocaust by employing them in his enamelware and ammunitions factories, which were located in what is now Poland and the Czech Republic respectively.He is the subject of the...
, with Liam NeesonLiam NeesonLiam John Neeson, OBE is an Irish actor who has been nominated for an Oscar, a BAFTA and three Golden Globe Awards.He has starred in a number of notable roles including Oskar Schindler in Schindler's List, Michael Collins in Michael Collins, Peyton Westlake in Darkman, Jean Valjean in Les...
, was a scene where I’m saying, You don’t understand how hard it is, I have to order so many-so many meters of barbed wire and so many fencing posts and I have to get so many people from A to B. And, you know, he’s sort of letting off steam about the difficulties of the job.
Fiennes won a BAFTA Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role and was also nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role is one of the Academy Awards of Merit presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to recognize an actor who has delivered an outstanding performance while working within the film industry. Since its inception, however, the...
, and his portrayal ranked 15th on AFI
American Film Institute
The American Film Institute is an independent non-profit organization created by the National Endowment for the Arts, which was established in 1967 when President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities Act...
's list of the top 50 film villains of all time
AFI's 100 Years... 100 Heroes and Villains
AFI's 100 Years... 100 Heroes and Villains is a list of the 100 greatest screen characters chosen by American Film Institute in June 2003. It is part of the AFI 100 Years… series. The series was first presented in a CBS special hosted by Arnold Schwarzenegger...
. Notably, he ranks as the highest non-fiction villain. When Płaszów survivor Mila Pfefferberg was introduced to Fiennes on the set of the film, she began to shake uncontrollably, as Fiennes, attired in full SS dress uniform, reminded her of the real Amon Göth. At the film's climax, Göth's hanging is dramatized. However, he is incorrectly shown patting his hair in place and saying "Heil Hitler
Hitler salute
The Nazi salute, or Hitler salute , was a gesture of greeting in Nazi Germany usually accompanied by saying, Heil Hitler! ["Hail Hitler!"], Heil, mein Führer ["Hail, my leader!"], or Sieg Heil! ["Hail victory!"]...
" moments before an officer in the People's Army of Poland kicks a chair out from under him.
In 2002, Monika Göth Hertwig published her memoirs under the name Ich muß doch meinen Vater lieben, oder? ("I Must Still Love My Father, Mustn't I?"). Monika also described the subsequent life of her mother, Ruth Kalder Göth, who unconditionally glorified her fiancé until confronted with his role in the Holocaust
The Holocaust
The Holocaust , also known as the Shoah , was the genocide of approximately six million European Jews and millions of others during World War II, a programme of systematic state-sponsored murder by Nazi...
. Ruth ultimately committed suicide in 1983 closely after giving an interview in Jon Blair's documentary "Schindler".
Monika Hertwig's experiences in dealing with her father's crimes are also detailed in Inheritance, a 2006 documentary directed by James Moll
James Moll
James Moll is a film director and producer.His company, Allentown Productions, has been based at Universal Studios since 1994, primarily producing film and television projects focused on stories of non-fiction....
. Also appearing in the documentary is Helen Jonas, one of Amon Göth's former house slaves. The documentary details the meeting of the two women at the Płaszów memorial site in Poland.
Summary of SS career
- SS number: 43673
- Nazi Party number: 510764
- Primary Positions: Lagerkommandant, Kraków-Płaszów concentration camp
- Waffen-SS service: SS-Hauptsturmführer der Reserve
Dates of rank
- SS-MannMann (military rank)Mann , was a paramilitary rank used by several Nazi Party paramilitary organizations between 1925 and 1945. The rank is most often associated with the SS, and also as a rank of the SA where Mann was the lowest enlisted rank and was the equivalent of a Private.In 1938, with the rise of the...
: c. 1930 - SS-OberscharführerOberscharführerOberscharführer was a Nazi Party paramilitary rank that existed between the years of 1932 and 1945. Translated as “Senior Squad Leader”, Oberscharführer was first used as a rank of the Sturmabteilung and was created due to an expansion of the enlisted positions required by growing SA membership...
: c. 1937 - SS-UntersturmführerUntersturmführerUntersturmführer was a paramilitary rank of the German Schutzstaffel first created in July 1934. The rank can trace its origins to the older SA rank of Sturmführer which had existed since the founding of the SA in 1921...
: 14 July 1941 - SS-HauptsturmführerHauptsturmführerHauptsturmführer was a Nazi rank of the SS which was used between the years of 1934 and 1945. The rank of Hauptsturmführer was a mid-grade company level officer and was the equivalent of a Captain in the German Army and also the equivalent of captain in foreign armies...
: 1 August 1943 - SS-Hauptsturmführer der Reserve der Waffen-SS: 20 April 1944
Awards
- Anschluss MedalAnschluss MedalThe Anschluss Commemorative Medal was a decoration of Nazi Germany awarded in the interwar period.-Description:Instituted on May 1, 1938, the medal commemorated the return of Austria to the German Reich...
- German National Sports BadgeGerman Sports BadgeThe German Sports Badge is a decoration of the German Olympic Sports Federation DOSB, of the Federal Republic of Germany...
(Silver) - SS JulleuchterSS JulleuchterThe SS-Julleuchter was both an award and trophy of the German Schutzstaffel that was presented to members of the SS from approximately 1936 until 1944...
- Honour Chevron for the Old GuardHonour Chevron for the Old GuardThe Honour Chevron for the Old Guard, or in German Ehrenwinkel für Alte Kämpfer, was a political decoration of the Nazi Party in Germany. It was authorised in February 1934, as a silver chevron to be worn on the upper right arm, by all members of the SS, who had joined the SS, NSDAP or any other...
External links
- Footage of Amon Göth's execution
- The Trial of Amon Göth
- Voices on Antisemitism' Interview with Helen Jonas from the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
- Voices on Antisemitism Interview with Ralph Fiennes from the U.S. Holocaust Memorial MuseumUnited States Holocaust Memorial MuseumThe United States Holocaust Memorial Museum is the United States' official memorial to the Holocaust. Adjacent to the National Mall in Washington, D.C., the USHMM provides for the documentation, study, and interpretation of Holocaust history...
- An Interview with Monika Goeth Hertwig.