Alliance Israélite Universelle
Encyclopedia
The Alliance Israélite Universelle is a Paris
-based international Jewish organization founded in 1860 by the French statesman Adolphe Crémieux to safeguard the human rights
of Jews around the world. The organization promotes the ideals of Jewish self-defense
and self-sufficiency
through education
and professional development
.
The motto of the organization is the Jewish rabbi
nic injunction Kol yisrael arevim zeh bazeh, translated into French
as Tous les israélites sont solidaires les uns des autres ("All Jews bear responsibility for one another").
through French education and culture. It opened its first school in Tetouan
, Morocco
in 1862. In 1870, Charles Netter
, a founding member of Alliance Israeli Universelle, received a tract of land from the Ottoman Empire
as a gift and opened the Mikveh Israel
agricultural school, the first of a network of Jewish schools in Palestine
before the establishment of the State of Israel.
By 1900, Alliance Israelite Universelle was operating 100 schools with a combined student population of 26,000. Its greatest efforts were concentrated in Morocco, Tunisia and Turkey.
today. Historic schools include the Alliance High School in Tel Aviv
, Alliance Israélite Universelle High School in Haifa
, Rene Cassin High School and the Braunshweig Conservative High School in Jerusalem. The network also includes the School for the Deaf in Jerusalem, in which deaf students, Jews and Arabs, with various mental and physical disabilities study together. The Mikve Israel Youth Village operates a state high school, a state-religious high school specializing in life and natural sciences, environmental sciences, and biotechnology; and a French-Israeli high school established in 2007 as a joint initiative of the Israeli and French governments.
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
-based international Jewish organization founded in 1860 by the French statesman Adolphe Crémieux to safeguard the human rights
Human rights
Human rights are "commonly understood as inalienable fundamental rights to which a person is inherently entitled simply because she or he is a human being." Human rights are thus conceived as universal and egalitarian . These rights may exist as natural rights or as legal rights, in both national...
of Jews around the world. The organization promotes the ideals of Jewish self-defense
Self-defense
Self-defense, self-defence or private defense is a countermeasure that involves defending oneself, one's property or the well-being of another from physical harm. The use of the right of self-defense as a legal justification for the use of force in times of danger is available in many...
and self-sufficiency
Self-sufficiency
Self-sufficiency refers to the state of not requiring any outside aid, support, or interaction, for survival; it is therefore a type of personal or collective autonomy...
through education
Education
Education in its broadest, general sense is the means through which the aims and habits of a group of people lives on from one generation to the next. Generally, it occurs through any experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or acts...
and professional development
Professional development
Professional development refers to skills and knowledge attained for both personal development and career advancement. Professional development encompasses all types of facilitated learning opportunities, ranging from college degrees to formal coursework, conferences and informal learning...
.
The motto of the organization is the Jewish rabbi
Rabbi
In Judaism, a rabbi is a teacher of Torah. This title derives from the Hebrew word רבי , meaning "My Master" , which is the way a student would address a master of Torah...
nic injunction Kol yisrael arevim zeh bazeh, translated into French
French language
French is a Romance language spoken as a first language in France, the Romandy region in Switzerland, Wallonia and Brussels in Belgium, Monaco, the regions of Quebec and Acadia in Canada, and by various communities elsewhere. Second-language speakers of French are distributed throughout many parts...
as Tous les israélites sont solidaires les uns des autres ("All Jews bear responsibility for one another").
History
In 1860, Alliance Israelite Universelle embarked on a "mission civilisatrice" to advance the Jews of the Middle EastMiddle East
The Middle East is a region that encompasses Western Asia and Northern Africa. It is often used as a synonym for Near East, in opposition to Far East...
through French education and culture. It opened its first school in Tetouan
Tétouan
Tetouan is a city in northern Morocco. The Berber name means literally "the eyes" and figuratively "the water springs". Tetouan is one of the two major ports of Morocco on the Mediterranean Sea. It lies a few miles south of the Strait of Gibraltar, and about 40 mi E.S.E. of Tangier...
, Morocco
Morocco
Morocco , officially the Kingdom of Morocco , is a country located in North Africa. It has a population of more than 32 million and an area of 710,850 km², and also primarily administers the disputed region of the Western Sahara...
in 1862. In 1870, Charles Netter
Charles Netter
Charles Netter , was a Zionist leader, and a founding member of the Alliance Israélite Universelle. In 1870, Netter founded Mikveh Israel, the first modern Jewish agricultural settlement in the Land of Israel.-Early life:...
, a founding member of Alliance Israeli Universelle, received a tract of land from the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
as a gift and opened the Mikveh Israel
Mikveh Israel Settlement
Mikveh Israel is the first Jewish agricultural school in Israel.-History:Charles Netter established the school in 1870 on a tract of land southeast of Tel Aviv leased from the Turkish Sultan, who allocated to his project. Netter, the first headmaster, introduced new methods of agricultural training...
agricultural school, the first of a network of Jewish schools in Palestine
Palestine
Palestine is a conventional name, among others, used to describe the geographic region between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River, and various adjoining lands....
before the establishment of the State of Israel.
By 1900, Alliance Israelite Universelle was operating 100 schools with a combined student population of 26,000. Its greatest efforts were concentrated in Morocco, Tunisia and Turkey.
Schools in Israel
Alliance Israélite Universelle continues to operate dozens of schools and educational programs in IsraelIsrael
The State of Israel is a parliamentary republic located in the Middle East, along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea...
today. Historic schools include the Alliance High School in Tel Aviv
Tel Aviv
Tel Aviv , officially Tel Aviv-Yafo , is the second most populous city in Israel, with a population of 404,400 on a land area of . The city is located on the Israeli Mediterranean coastline in west-central Israel. It is the largest and most populous city in the metropolitan area of Gush Dan, with...
, Alliance Israélite Universelle High School in Haifa
Haifa
Haifa is the largest city in northern Israel, and the third-largest city in the country, with a population of over 268,000. Another 300,000 people live in towns directly adjacent to the city including the cities of the Krayot, as well as, Tirat Carmel, Daliyat al-Karmel and Nesher...
, Rene Cassin High School and the Braunshweig Conservative High School in Jerusalem. The network also includes the School for the Deaf in Jerusalem, in which deaf students, Jews and Arabs, with various mental and physical disabilities study together. The Mikve Israel Youth Village operates a state high school, a state-religious high school specializing in life and natural sciences, environmental sciences, and biotechnology; and a French-Israeli high school established in 2007 as a joint initiative of the Israeli and French governments.
Further reading
- Ktziya Aviali-Tevivian, Voyage vers le passé: un nouveau monde est né-le XIXe siècle, Ed. Matah techn, 2003.
- André ChouraquiAndré ChouraquiNathan André Chouraqui was a French lawyer, writer, scholar and politician.Chouraqui was born in Aïn Témouchent, Algeria...
, L'Alliance israélite universelle et la Renaissance juive contemporaine, 1860-1960, P.U.F., 1965. - Matia Kam, Mikvé-Israël, Ed. Matah techn. Fonds Avi Haï.
- André Kaspi, Histoire de l'Alliance israélite universelle - De 1860 à nos jours, Ed. Armand Colin, 2010.
- Narcisse Leven, Cinquante ans d’histoire : l’Alliance israélite Universelle (1860-1910), Paris, 1911.
- Aharon Rodrigues, Education, société et histoire: L'Alliance israélite universelle, Ed. Institut Yad Ben-Zvi, 1991.