All India Kisan Sabha
Encyclopedia
All India Kisan Sabha was the name of the peasants front of the undivided Communist Party of India
(CPI), an important peasant movement
formed by Swami Sahajanand Saraswati
in 1936, and which later split into two organizations, by the same name.
under the leadership of Swami Sahajanand Saraswati
who had formed in 1929 the Bihar Provincial Kisan Sabha (BPKS) in order to mobilise peasant grievances against the zamindari attacks on their occupancy rights, and thus sparking the Farmers' movement in India
Gradually the peasant movement intensified and spread across the rest of India
. The formation of Congress Socialist Party
(CSP) in 1934 helped the Communists to work together with the Indian National Congress
, however temporarily, then in April 1935, noted peasant leaders N.G. Ranga
and E.M.S. Namboodiripad, then secretary and joint secretary respectively of South Indian Federation of Peasants and Agricultural Labour, suggested the formation of an all-India farmers body, and soon all these radical developments culminated in the formation of the All India Kisan Sabha (AIKS) at the Lucknow
session of the Indian National Congress
on April 11, 1936 with Swami Sahajanand Saraswati
elected as its first President, and it involved prominent leaders like N.G. Ranga
, E.M.S. Namboodiripad, Pandit Karyanand Sharma
, Pandit Yamuna Karjee
, Pandit Yadunandan (Jadunandan) Sharma
, Rahul Sankrityayan
, P. Sundarayya, Ram Manohar Lohia
, Jayaprakash Narayan
, Acharya Narendra Dev and Bankim Mukerji. The Kisan Manifesto released in August 1936, demanded abolition of zamindari system and cancellation of rural debts, and in October 1937, it adopted red flag as its banner. Soon, its leaders became increasingly distant with Congress, and repeatedly came in confrontation with Congress governments, in Bihar and United Province.
In the subsequent years, the movement was increasingly dominated by Socialists and Communists as it moved away from the Congress, by 1938 Haripura session of the Congress, under the presidentship of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose, the rift became evident, and by May 1942, the Communist Party of India
, which was finally legalized by then government in July 1942, had taken over AIKS, all across India including Bengal
where its membership grew considerably. It took on the Communist party's line of People's War, and stayed away from the Quit India Movement
which started in August 1942, though this also meant it losing its popular base and many of its members defied party orders and joined the movement, and prominent members like N.G. Ranga
, Indulal Yagnik
and Swami Sahajananda soon left the organization, which increasing found it difficult to approach the peasant without the watered-down approach of pro-British and pro-war, and increasing its pro-nationalist agenda, much to the dismay of the British Raj which always though Communist would help them in countering the nationalist movement.
The Communist Party of India
(CPI), split into two in 1964, following which so did the All India Kisan Sabha, which each faction affiliated to the splinters.
BSCRO, File 163/1934, Notes and Orders on Swami Sahajanand's Gaya Report, 12 November 1934.
Communist Party of India
The Communist Party of India is a national political party in India. In the Indian communist movement, there are different views on exactly when the Indian communist party was founded. The date maintained as the foundation day by CPI is 26 December 1925...
(CPI), an important peasant movement
Peasant movement
Peasant movement is a social movement involved with the agricultural policy.Peasants movement have a long history that can be traced to the numerous peasant uprisings that occurred in various regions of the world throughout human history. Early peasant movements were usually the result of stresses...
formed by Swami Sahajanand Saraswati
Swami Sahajanand Saraswati
Swami Sahajanand Saraswati , born in a Jijhoutia Brahminfamily of Ghazipur of Uttar Pradesh state of India, was an ascetic of Dashnami Order of Adi Shankara Sampradaya as well as a nationalist and peasant leader of India...
in 1936, and which later split into two organizations, by the same name.
History
The Kisan Sabha movement started in BiharBihar
Bihar is a state in eastern India. It is the 12th largest state in terms of geographical size at and 3rd largest by population. Almost 58% of Biharis are below the age of 25, which is the highest proportion in India....
under the leadership of Swami Sahajanand Saraswati
Swami Sahajanand Saraswati
Swami Sahajanand Saraswati , born in a Jijhoutia Brahminfamily of Ghazipur of Uttar Pradesh state of India, was an ascetic of Dashnami Order of Adi Shankara Sampradaya as well as a nationalist and peasant leader of India...
who had formed in 1929 the Bihar Provincial Kisan Sabha (BPKS) in order to mobilise peasant grievances against the zamindari attacks on their occupancy rights, and thus sparking the Farmers' movement in India
Gradually the peasant movement intensified and spread across the rest of India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
. The formation of Congress Socialist Party
Congress Socialist Party
The Congress Socialist Party was founded in 1934 as a socialist caucus within the Indian National Congress. Its members rejected what they saw as the anti-rational mysticism of Mohandas Gandhi as well as the sectarian attitude of the Communist Party of India towards the Congress Party...
(CSP) in 1934 helped the Communists to work together with the Indian National Congress
Indian National Congress
The Indian National Congress is one of the two major political parties in India, the other being the Bharatiya Janata Party. It is the largest and one of the oldest democratic political parties in the world. The party's modern liberal platform is largely considered center-left in the Indian...
, however temporarily, then in April 1935, noted peasant leaders N.G. Ranga
N.G. Ranga
Gogineni Ranga nayukulu , better known as N. G. Ranga , was an Indian freedom fighter, parliamentarian, and kisan leader...
and E.M.S. Namboodiripad, then secretary and joint secretary respectively of South Indian Federation of Peasants and Agricultural Labour, suggested the formation of an all-India farmers body, and soon all these radical developments culminated in the formation of the All India Kisan Sabha (AIKS) at the Lucknow
Lucknow
Lucknow is the capital city of Uttar Pradesh in India. Lucknow is the administrative headquarters of Lucknow District and Lucknow Division....
session of the Indian National Congress
Indian National Congress
The Indian National Congress is one of the two major political parties in India, the other being the Bharatiya Janata Party. It is the largest and one of the oldest democratic political parties in the world. The party's modern liberal platform is largely considered center-left in the Indian...
on April 11, 1936 with Swami Sahajanand Saraswati
Swami Sahajanand Saraswati
Swami Sahajanand Saraswati , born in a Jijhoutia Brahminfamily of Ghazipur of Uttar Pradesh state of India, was an ascetic of Dashnami Order of Adi Shankara Sampradaya as well as a nationalist and peasant leader of India...
elected as its first President, and it involved prominent leaders like N.G. Ranga
N.G. Ranga
Gogineni Ranga nayukulu , better known as N. G. Ranga , was an Indian freedom fighter, parliamentarian, and kisan leader...
, E.M.S. Namboodiripad, Pandit Karyanand Sharma
Pandit Karyanand Sharma
Pandit Karyanand Sharma was an eminent nationalist and peasant leader who led movements against zamindars and British.-Biography:Pandit Karyanand Sharma was born in Sahoor village in Monghyr district into a poor tenant Bhumihar Brahmin family. Although he started studying in 1906, he had soon to...
, Pandit Yamuna Karjee
Pandit Yamuna Karjee
Yamuna Karjee was an Indian independence activist.-Early life and education:Yamuna Karjee was born in a small village name Deopar near Pusa in Darbhanga District of Bihar in 1898 in a Bhumihar Brahmin family. His father Anu Karjee was a farmer who died when Yamuna Karjee was just 6 months old...
, Pandit Yadunandan (Jadunandan) Sharma
Pandit Yadunandan (Jadunandan) Sharma
Pandit Yadunandan Sharma was an Indian peasant leader and national liberation figure from the Indian state of Bihar. He had started a movement for the rights of tillers against the zamindars and Britishers at Reora celebrated as the Reora Satyagraha.-Biography:Pandit Yadunandan Sharma was born in...
, Rahul Sankrityayan
Rahul Sankrityayan
Mahapandit Rahul Sankrityayan , who is called the Father of Hindi Travel literature, was one of the most widely-traveled scholars of India, spending forty-five years of his life on travels away from his home. He became a buddhist monk and eventually took up Marxist Socialism...
, P. Sundarayya, Ram Manohar Lohia
Ram Manohar Lohia
Rammanohar Lohia was an Indian freedom fighter and a socialist political leader.-Early life:Lohia was born in a village Akbarpur in Ambedkar Nagar district, Uttar Pradesh, in India to Hira Lal, a nationalist and Chanda,a teacher. He was born to Marwari Maheshwari family. His mother died when he...
, Jayaprakash Narayan
Jayaprakash Narayan
Jayaprakash Narayan , widely known as JP Narayan, Jayaprakash, or Loknayak, was an Indian independence activist and political leader, remembered especially for leading the opposition to Indira Gandhi in the 1970s and for giving a call for peaceful Total Revolution...
, Acharya Narendra Dev and Bankim Mukerji. The Kisan Manifesto released in August 1936, demanded abolition of zamindari system and cancellation of rural debts, and in October 1937, it adopted red flag as its banner. Soon, its leaders became increasingly distant with Congress, and repeatedly came in confrontation with Congress governments, in Bihar and United Province.
In the subsequent years, the movement was increasingly dominated by Socialists and Communists as it moved away from the Congress, by 1938 Haripura session of the Congress, under the presidentship of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose, the rift became evident, and by May 1942, the Communist Party of India
Communist Party of India
The Communist Party of India is a national political party in India. In the Indian communist movement, there are different views on exactly when the Indian communist party was founded. The date maintained as the foundation day by CPI is 26 December 1925...
, which was finally legalized by then government in July 1942, had taken over AIKS, all across India including Bengal
Bengal
Bengal is a historical and geographical region in the northeast region of the Indian Subcontinent at the apex of the Bay of Bengal. Today, it is mainly divided between the sovereign land of People's Republic of Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal, although some regions of the previous...
where its membership grew considerably. It took on the Communist party's line of People's War, and stayed away from the Quit India Movement
Quit India Movement
The Quit India Movement , or the August Movement was a civil disobedience movement launched in India in August 1942 in response to Mohandas Gandhi's call for immediate independence. Gandhi hoped to bring the British government to the negotiating table...
which started in August 1942, though this also meant it losing its popular base and many of its members defied party orders and joined the movement, and prominent members like N.G. Ranga
N.G. Ranga
Gogineni Ranga nayukulu , better known as N. G. Ranga , was an Indian freedom fighter, parliamentarian, and kisan leader...
, Indulal Yagnik
Indulal Yagnik
Indulal Kanaiyalal Yagnik was an Indian independence activist, a leader of the All India Kisan Sabha, a significant peasant organization in India and one of the founders of the Mahagujarat Janata Parishad, a movement, which spearheaded the demand for the separate statehood for Gujarat on 8 August...
and Swami Sahajananda soon left the organization, which increasing found it difficult to approach the peasant without the watered-down approach of pro-British and pro-war, and increasing its pro-nationalist agenda, much to the dismay of the British Raj which always though Communist would help them in countering the nationalist movement.
The Communist Party of India
Communist Party of India
The Communist Party of India is a national political party in India. In the Indian communist movement, there are different views on exactly when the Indian communist party was founded. The date maintained as the foundation day by CPI is 26 December 1925...
(CPI), split into two in 1964, following which so did the All India Kisan Sabha, which each faction affiliated to the splinters.
Present organisations
Currently two organizations work under the name of AIKS:- All India Kisan SabhaAll India Kisan Sabha (Ashoka Road)All India Kisan Sabha , is the peasants front of Communist Party of India , and works for farmers rights and anti-feudal movement in India, which traces its origin to All India Kisan Sabha founded in 1936.It is sometimes referred to as All India Kisan Sabha , to distinguish it from the AIKS of...
(Ashoka Road), attached to Communist Party of India (Marxist)Communist Party of India (Marxist)The Communist Party of India is a political party in India. It has a strong presence in the states of Kerala, West Bengal and Tripura. As of 2011, CPI is leading the state government in Tripura. It leads the Left Front coalition of leftist parties in various states and the national parliament of... - All India Kisan SabhaAll India Kisan Sabha (Ajoy Bhavan)All India Kisan Sabha is the peasant or farmers' wing of the Communist Party of India. The Kisan Sabha movement started in Bihar under the leadership of Swami Sahajanand Saraswati, who had formed in 1929 the Bihar Provincial Kisan Sabha to mobilise peasant grievances against the zamindari attacks...
(Ajoy Bhawan), attached to Communist Party of IndiaCommunist Party of IndiaThe Communist Party of India is a national political party in India. In the Indian communist movement, there are different views on exactly when the Indian communist party was founded. The date maintained as the foundation day by CPI is 26 December 1925...
Further reading
- Swami Sahajanand and the Peasants of Jharkhand: A View from 1941 translated and edited by Walter HauserWalter HauserWalter Hauser was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council .He was elected to the Federal Council on December 13, 1888 and died in office on October 22, 1902...
along with the unedited HindiHindiStandard Hindi, or more precisely Modern Standard Hindi, also known as Manak Hindi , High Hindi, Nagari Hindi, and Literary Hindi, is a standardized and sanskritized register of the Hindustani language derived from the Khariboli dialect of Delhi...
original (Manohar Publishers, paperback, 2005). - Sahajanand on Agricultural Labour and the Rural Poor translated and edited by Walter HauserWalter HauserWalter Hauser was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council .He was elected to the Federal Council on December 13, 1888 and died in office on October 22, 1902...
Manohar Publishers, paperback, 2005). - Religion, Politics, and the Peasants: A Memoir of India's Freedom Movement translated and edited by Walter HauserWalter HauserWalter Hauser was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council .He was elected to the Federal Council on December 13, 1888 and died in office on October 22, 1902...
Manohar Publishers, hardbound, 2003). - Swami And Friends: Sahajanand Saraswati And Those Who Refuse To Let The Past of Bihar's Peasant Movements Become History By Arvind Narayan DasArvind Narayan DasArvind Narayan Das was a social scientist, journalist, activist and a documentary film-maker from Bihar....
, Paper for the Peasant Symposium, May 1997 University Of VirginiaUniversity of VirginiaThe University of Virginia is a public research university located in Charlottesville, Virginia, United States, founded by Thomas Jefferson...
, CharlottesvilleCharlottesville, VirginiaCharlottesville is an independent city geographically surrounded by but separate from Albemarle County in the Commonwealth of Virginia, United States, and named after Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, the queen consort of King George III of the United Kingdom.The official population estimate for...
, VirginiaVirginiaThe Commonwealth of Virginia , is a U.S. state on the Atlantic Coast of the Southern United States. Virginia is nicknamed the "Old Dominion" and sometimes the "Mother of Presidents" after the eight U.S. presidents born there...
- AIKS (All India Kisan Sabha), Proceedings and Resolutions, 1954–1959, New Delhi.
- AIUKS (All-India United Kisan Sabha), 1949, The Programme and Charter of Kisan Demands, Patna.
- Bagchi, A.K., 1976, `Deindustrialisation in Gangetic Bihar, 1809- 1901' in Essays in Honour of Prof. S.C. Sarkar, New Delhi.
- Banaji, Jairus, 1976, "The Peasantry in the Feudal MOde of Production: Towards an Economic Model", Journal of Peasant Studies, April.
- Bandopadhyay, D., 1973, `Agrarian Relations in Two Bihar Districts', Mainstream, 2 June, New Delhi.
- Banerjee, N., 1978, `All the Backwards', Sunday, 9 April, Calcutta. Bihar, 1938, Board of Revenue, Average Prices of Staple Food Crops from 1888, Patna.
- Bihar, 1939, Legislative Assembly Proceedings, Vol. 4 Part 1, 16 January—15 March, Patna.
- Bihar, 1972, Legislative Assembly, Report of the Committee to Inquire into Atrocities at Gahlaur, Patna.
- Bihar & Orissa, Rev(enue) Pro(ceedin)gs, 1923, Progs. No.3, Enclosure 1, Letter from Settlement Officer, Santal Parganas, 12 October 1923, para 2.
- Bihar & Orissa 1924, Bihar and Orissa in 1923, Patna.
- Bihar & Orissa, 1926, Bihar and Orissa in 1924-25, Patna.
- Bihar & Orissa, 1929, Bihar and Orissa in 1927-28, Patna.
- Bihar & Orissa, 1930, BIhar and Orissa in 1928-29, Patna.
- Bihar & Orissa, 1934, Report on the Administration of Civil Justice in the Province of Bihar and Orissa, 1933, Patna.
- BPKS (Bihar Provincial Kisan Sabha), 1936, Bihar Prantiya Kisan Sabha ka Vidhan -- (Constitution of the Bihar Provincial Kisan Sabha), in Hindi, Patna.
- BPKS, -- a, Bihar Prantiya Kisan Sabha ka Ghoshna Patra aur Kisanon ki Maangen (Manifesto of the BPKS and Peasants' Demands), in Hindi, Bihta, n.d.
- Brahmanand, 1971, Rahul Sankrityayana, in Hindi, Delhi.
- Judith M. BrownJudith M. BrownJudith M. Brown, is a historian of modern South Asia. From 1990 - 2011 she was the Beit Professor of Commonwealth History and a Fellow of Balliol College, Oxford. Earlier she taught at the University of Manchester and completed her PhD at Girton College, Cambridge.-See also:*British Raj*Company...
, 1972, Gandhi's Rise to Power: Indian Politics, 1915–1922, London.
- BSCRO (Bihar State Central Records Office) File 281/1929, Political (Special) Department, Sonepur Mela Kisan Sabha Meeting.
- BSCRO, File 34/1931, Letter of N.F. Peck, Shahabad District Magistrate dated 15 December 1931.
- BSCRO, File 21/1933, Agrarian Affairs, Kisan Sabhas.
BSCRO, File 163/1934, Notes and Orders on Swami Sahajanand's Gaya Report, 12 November 1934.
- BSCRO, File 16/1935, Extract from Fortnightly Report of the Commissioner of Bhagalpur, 4 April 1935.
- BSCRO, File 16/1935, Fortnighly Report from J.R. Dain, Commissioner of Bhagalpur, 2 December 1935.
- BSCRO, File 16/1935(I), report on Swami Sahajanand, Nasirganj, Shahabad district, 18 January 1935.
- Chaudhuri, B.B., 1971, `Agrarian Movements in Bengal and Bihar, 1919-1939' in B.R. Nanda, ed., Socialism in India, New Delhi.
- Chaudhuri, B.B., 1975, `The Process of Depeasantisation in Bengal and Bihar, 1885-1947', Indian Historical Review, 2(1), July, New Delhi.
- Chaudhuri, B.B., 1975a, `Land Market in Eastern India, 1793-1940', Indian Economic and Social History Review, 13 (1 & 2), New Delhi.
- Chaudhuri, B.B., 1976, `Struggle for Produce Rent in Bihar, 1793- 1930', Paper presented to Seminar at A.N.S. Institute of Social Studies, Patna, Cyclostyled.
- Collins, A., 1927, Bihar and Orissa in 1925-26, Patna.
- Arvind Narayan DasArvind Narayan DasArvind Narayan Das was a social scientist, journalist, activist and a documentary film-maker from Bihar....
, 1976, `Promises to Keep', National Labour Institute Bulletin, December, New Delhi.
- Arvind Narayan DasArvind Narayan DasArvind Narayan Das was a social scientist, journalist, activist and a documentary film-maker from Bihar....
, 1981, Agrarian Unrest and Socio-economic Change in Bihar, 1900-1980, Delhi : Manohar.
- Arvind Narayan DasArvind Narayan DasArvind Narayan Das was a social scientist, journalist, activist and a documentary film-maker from Bihar....
(ed.),1982, Agrarian Movements in India : Studies on 20th Century Bihar, London : Frank Cass.
- Arvind Narayan DasArvind Narayan DasArvind Narayan Das was a social scientist, journalist, activist and a documentary film-maker from Bihar....
, 1992, The Republic of Bihar, New Delhi : Penguin.
- Arvind Narayan DasArvind Narayan DasArvind Narayan Das was a social scientist, journalist, activist and a documentary film-maker from Bihar....
, 1996, Changel : The Biography of a Village, New Delhi : Penguin.
- Datta, K.K., 1957, History of the Freedom Movement in Bihar, Patna.
- Devanand, Swami, 1958, Virat Kisan Samaroh (Massive Peasant Convention), in Hindi, Bihar Kisan Sangh, Bihta.
- Diwakar, R.R., ed., 1957, Bihar Through the Ages, Patna.
- Engels, Frederick, 1969, "Preface to the Second Edition of The Peasant War in Germany" in Karl Marx and Fredrick Engels, Selected Works, Vol. II, Moscow.
- Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, 1921, `The Zamindar and the Ryots', Young India, Vol. III (New Series) No. 153, 18 May.
- Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, 1940, An Autobiography or The Story of My experiments in Truth, Ahmedabad.
- Walter HauserWalter HauserWalter Hauser was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council .He was elected to the Federal Council on December 13, 1888 and died in office on October 22, 1902...
, 1961, `Peasant Organisation in India: A Case Study of the Bihar Kisan Sabha, 1929-1942'. Ph.D. Thesis, Chicago University, (Forthcoming publication)
- India, 1976, Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act, 1976, New Delhi. JSES (Journal of Social and Economics Studies), 1976, `Sarvodaya and Development', Vol. IV No.1, Patna.
- Lacey, G. 1928, Bihar and Orissa in 1926-27, Patna
- Maharaj, R.N., 1976, `Freed Bonded Labour Camp at Palamau', National Labour Institute Bulletin, October, New Delhi.
- Mansfield, P.T., 1932, Bihar and Orissa in 1930-31, Patna.
- Marx, Karl, 1973 Grundrisse, Harmondsworth.
- Mishra, G., 1968. `The Socio-economic Background of Gandhi's Champaran Movement', Indian Economic and Social History Review, 5(3), New Delhi.
- Mishra, G., 1978, Agrarian Problems of Permanent Settlement: A Case Study of Champaran, New Delhi.
- Misra, R.N., 1952, Kisan ki Samasyayen (Problems of Peasants), in HIndi, Darbhanga.
- Mitra, Manoshi, 1983, Agrarian Social Structure in Bihar: Continuity and Change, 1786–1820, Delhi : Manohar.
- Mitra, N., ed, 1938, Indian Annual Register, July–December 1937, Vol. II, Calcutta.
- Narayan, K. , 1938, Bihar and Orissa in 1935-36, Patna.
- Jawaharlal NehruJawaharlal NehruJawaharlal Nehru , often referred to with the epithet of Panditji, was an Indian statesman who became the first Prime Minister of independent India and became noted for his “neutralist” policies in foreign affairs. He was also one of the principal leaders of India’s independence movement in the...
, 1936, An Autobiography, London.
- O'Malley, L.S.S., 1913, District Gazetters, Calcutta.
- Owen, G.E., 1922, Bihar and Orissa in 1921, Patna.
- Pouchepadass, J., 1974, `Local Leaders and the Intelligentsia in the Champaran Satyagraha', Contributions to Indian Sociology, New Series, No.8, November, New Delhi.
- Prasad, P.H., 1979, `Semi-Feudalism: Basic Constraint in Indian Agriculture' in Arvind N. Das & V. Nilakant, eds., Agrarian Relations in India, New Delhi.
- Rajendra PrasadRajendra PrasadDr. Rajendra Prasad was an Indian politician and educator. He was one of the architects of the Indian Republic, having drafted its first constitution and serving as the first president of independent India...
, 1949, Satyagraha in Champaran, Ahmedabad.
- Rajendra PrasadRajendra PrasadDr. Rajendra Prasad was an Indian politician and educator. He was one of the architects of the Indian Republic, having drafted its first constitution and serving as the first president of independent India...
, 1957, Autobiography, Bombay.
- Prior, H.C., 1923, Bihar and Orissa in 1922, Patna.
- Rai, Algu, 1946, A Move for the Formation of an All-Indian Organisation for the Kisans, Azamgrah.
- N. G. Ranga, 1949, Revolutionary Peasants, New Delhi.
- N. G. Ranga, 1968, Fight For Freedom, New Delhi.
- Swami Sahajanand, 1916, Bhumihar Brahman Parichay (Introduction to Bhumihar Brahmins), in Hindi, Benaras(?)
- Swami Sahajanand, 1940, Address of the Chairman, Reception Committee, The All India Anti-Compromise Conference, First Session, Kisan Nagar, Ramgarh, Hazaribagh, 19 & 20 March 1940, Ramgarh, 1940.
- Swami Sahajanand, 1944, Presidential Address, 8th Annual Session of the Kisan Sabha, Bezwada.
- Swami Sahajanand, 1947, Kisan Sabha ke Sansmaran (Recollections of the Kisan Sabha), in Hindi, Bihta.
- Swami Sahajanand, 1948, Gita Hridaya (Heart of the Gita), Allahabad.
- Swami Sahajanand, 1952, Mera Jeewan Sangharsha (My LIfe Struggle), in Hindi, Patna.
- Swami Sahajanand, a, Brahman Samaj ki Sthiti (Situation of the Brahmin Society) in Hindi, Benaras (?), n.d.
- Swami Sahajanand, -b, Karmakalap, in Sanskrit and Hindi, Benaras (?)
- Swami Sahajanand, -c, Jhootha Bhay Mithya Abhiman (False Fear False Pride), in Hindi, Patna(?).
- Swami Sahajanand, -d, Kisanon ko Phansane ki Taiariyan (Plans to Ensnare Peasants), in Hindi, Bihta.
- Swami Sahajanand, -e, The Origin and Growth of the Kisan Movement in India, Bihta, Unpublished ms.
- Swami Sahajanand, -f, Gaya ke Kisanon ki Karun Kahani (Pathetic Plight of the Peasants of Gaya), in Hindi, Patna (?)
- Sahajanand, Swami, -g, Khet Mazdoor (Agricultural Labourer), in Hindi, written in Hazaribagh Central Jail. See Hauser Walter, op cit.
- Swami Sahajanand, -h, Maharudra ka Mahatandav, in Hindi, Bihta (?), n.d.
- Mahapandit Rahul Sankrityayan, 1943, Naye Bharet ke Naye Neta (New Leaders of New India), in Hindi, Allahabad.
- Mahapandit Rahul Sankrityayan, 1957, Dimagi Gulami (Mental Slavery), in Hindi, Allahabad.
- Mahapandit Rahul Sankrityayan, 1961, Meri Jeewan Yatra (My Journey through Life), in Hindi, Allahabad.
- The Searchlight (Patna) (newspaper).
- Shanin, TeodorTeodor ShaninTheodor Shanin was for many years a Professor of Sociology at the University of Manchester. He is noted for his research on the informal economy, the Russian Revolution, African development, and perhaps most notably peasant studies.-Selected publications:...
, 1978, "Defining Peasants: Conceptualisations and Deconceptualisations: Old and New in a Marxist Debate", Manchester University.
- Pandit Yadunandan (Jadunandan) SharmaPandit Yadunandan (Jadunandan) SharmaPandit Yadunandan Sharma was an Indian peasant leader and national liberation figure from the Indian state of Bihar. He had started a movement for the rights of tillers against the zamindars and Britishers at Reora celebrated as the Reora Satyagraha.-Biography:Pandit Yadunandan Sharma was born in...
, 1947, Bakasht Mahamari Aur Uska Achook Ilaaz (Bakasht Epidemic and its Infalliable Remedy) in Hindi, Allahabad.
- Singh, K.S., n.d. `Agrarian Transition in Chotanagpur', Unpublished ms.
- Anugrah Narayan SinhaAnugrah Narayan SinhaDr. Anugrah Narayan Sinha , known as Bihar Vibhuti, was an Indian statesman who was the first Deputy Chief Minister cum Finance Minister of the Indian state of Bihar...
, 1961, Mere Sansmaran (My Recollections), in Hindi Patna.
- Indradeep SinhaIndradeep SinhaIndradeep Sinha was a freedom fighter and veteran communist leader. He was born in a Bhumihar Brahmin family at Shakara village in Siwan District of Bihar, India, in July 1914. He had an academic career and secured a gold medal in post-graduation in Economics from Patna University in 1938. He...
, 1969, Sathi ke Kisanon ka Aitihasic Sangharsha (Historic Struggle of Sathi Peasants), in Hindi, Patna.
- Solomon, S., 1937, Bihar and Orissa in 1934-35, Patna.
- Stevenson Moore, C.J., 1901, Final Report on the Survey and Settlement Operations in Muzaffarpur District, 1892–99, Calcutta.
- Sudhakar, T.S., 1973, Lok Nayak Sswami Sahajanand Saraswati, in Hindi, Gaya.
- Sudhakar, T.S. -- , Mahapandit Rahul Sankrityayana, in Hindi, Gayaa.
- Swanzy, R.E., 1938, Bihar and Orissa District Gazetteers, Patna.
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- Wasi, S.M., 1938, Bihar in 1936-37, Patna
- Williams, R.A.E., 1933, Bihar and Orissa in 1931-32, Patna.
- Gupta, R.L., 1934, Bihar and Orissa in 1932-33, Patna.
- Sathi ke Kisanon ka Aitihasic Sangharsha by Indradeep SinhaIndradeep SinhaIndradeep Sinha was a freedom fighter and veteran communist leader. He was born in a Bhumihar Brahmin family at Shakara village in Siwan District of Bihar, India, in July 1914. He had an academic career and secured a gold medal in post-graduation in Economics from Patna University in 1938. He...
(Historic Struggle of Sathi Peasants), in HindiHindiStandard Hindi, or more precisely Modern Standard Hindi, also known as Manak Hindi , High Hindi, Nagari Hindi, and Literary Hindi, is a standardized and sanskritized register of the Hindustani language derived from the Khariboli dialect of Delhi...
, PatnaPatnaPaṭnā , is the capital of the Indian state of Bihar and the second largest city in Eastern India . Patna is one of the oldest continuously inhabited places in the world...
(1969). - Socialism in India, by Bal Ram NandaBal Ram NandaBal Ram Nanda was a writer from New Delhi, India. He was the preeminent Indian biographer of Mahatama Gandhi, and most known as the author of , which was translated into French, Spanish, Italian and several Indian languages. His other noted works are , , ,...
, Nehru Memorial Museum and Library. Published by Vikas Publications, 1972.Page 205. - A History of the All India Kisan Sabha, by Md. Abdullah Rasul. Published by National Book Agency, 1974.
- Peasants in History: Essays in Honour of Daniel Thorner, by Eric J. Hobsbawm, Daniel Thorner, Witold Kula, Sameeksha Trust.Published by Oxford University Press, 1981.
- Bihar Peasantry and the Kisan Sabha, 1936-1947, by Rakesh Gupta. Published by People's Pub. House, 1982.
- The Clarion Call of Patna: Golden Jubilee Session of the All India Kisan Sabha, Patna, May 17–19, 1986, by All India Kisan Sabha Golden Jubilee Session. Published by The Sabha, 1986.
- All India Kisan Sabha (2 Volumes), by O P Ralhan (ed.). Published by Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd. 1998. ISBN 9788174884039.
- The Constitution of All India Kisan Sabha Encyclopaedia of Political Parties, by O. P. Ralhan, Published by Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd., 2002. ISBN 8174888659. Page 1-10.