Adina (genus)
Encyclopedia
Adina is a genus
of flowering plant
s in the Rubiaceae
family
. They are shrub
s or small tree
s, indigenous
to East Asia
.
by Richard Salisbury in 1807 in his book, The Paradisus Londinensis. The genus name is derived
from the Ancient Greek
word adinos, meaning "clustered, crowded". It refers to the tightly clustered heads of flowers. The biological type
for Adina consists of the specimen
s that Salisbury called Adina globiflora. These are now included in the species Adina pilulifera. Molecular phylogenetic studies
have shown that Adina is paraphyletic over Adinauclea
, a monospecific genus from
Sulawesi
and the Moluccas.
Genus
In biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia...
of flowering plant
Flowering plant
The flowering plants , also known as Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta, are the most diverse group of land plants. Angiosperms are seed-producing plants like the gymnosperms and can be distinguished from the gymnosperms by a series of synapomorphies...
s in the Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae
The Rubiaceae is a family of flowering plants, variously called the coffee family, madder family, or bedstraw family. The group contains many commonly known plants, including the economically important coffee , quinine , and gambier , and the horticulturally valuable madder , west indian jasmine ,...
family
Family (biology)
In biological classification, family is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, and species, with family fitting between order and genus. As for the other well-known ranks, there is the option of an immediately lower rank, indicated by the...
. They are shrub
Shrub
A shrub or bush is distinguished from a tree by its multiple stems and shorter height, usually under 5–6 m tall. A large number of plants may become either shrubs or trees, depending on the growing conditions they experience...
s or small tree
Tree
A tree is a perennial woody plant. It is most often defined as a woody plant that has many secondary branches supported clear of the ground on a single main stem or trunk with clear apical dominance. A minimum height specification at maturity is cited by some authors, varying from 3 m to...
s, indigenous
Indigenous (ecology)
In biogeography, a species is defined as native to a given region or ecosystem if its presence in that region is the result of only natural processes, with no human intervention. Every natural organism has its own natural range of distribution in which it is regarded as native...
to East Asia
East Asia
East Asia or Eastern Asia is a subregion of Asia that can be defined in either geographical or cultural terms...
.
Description
Adina is a genus of shrubs and small trees. The terminal vegetative buds are inconspicuous and loosely surrounded by the stipules. The stipules are bifid for at least 2/3 of their length. The corolla lobes are nearly valvate in bud, being subimbricate at the apex. The anthers are basifixed and introrse. The ovary has two locules, with up to four ovules per locule.Taxonomy
Adina was namedBotanical name
A botanical name is a formal scientific name conforming to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature and, if it concerns a plant cultigen, the additional cultivar and/or Group epithets must conform to the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants...
by Richard Salisbury in 1807 in his book, The Paradisus Londinensis. The genus name is derived
Etymology
Etymology is the study of the history of words, their origins, and how their form and meaning have changed over time.For languages with a long written history, etymologists make use of texts in these languages and texts about the languages to gather knowledge about how words were used during...
from the Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek is the stage of the Greek language in the periods spanning the times c. 9th–6th centuries BC, , c. 5th–4th centuries BC , and the c. 3rd century BC – 6th century AD of ancient Greece and the ancient world; being predated in the 2nd millennium BC by Mycenaean Greek...
word adinos, meaning "clustered, crowded". It refers to the tightly clustered heads of flowers. The biological type
Biological type
In biology, a type is one particular specimen of an organism to which the scientific name of that organism is formally attached...
for Adina consists of the specimen
Specimen
A specimen is a portion/quantity of material for use in testing, examination, or study.BiologyA laboratory specimen is an individual animal, part of an animal, a plant, part of a plant, or a microorganism, used as a representative to study the properties of the whole population of that species or...
s that Salisbury called Adina globiflora. These are now included in the species Adina pilulifera. Molecular phylogenetic studies
Research
Research can be defined as the scientific search for knowledge, or as any systematic investigation, to establish novel facts, solve new or existing problems, prove new ideas, or develop new theories, usually using a scientific method...
have shown that Adina is paraphyletic over Adinauclea
Adinauclea
Adinauclea is a monospecific genus of flowering plants in the Rubiaceae family. It was described by Colin Ernest Ridsdale in 1978. The genus contains only one species, i.e. Adinauclea fagifolia, which is found in Sulawesi and the Moluccas....
, a monospecific genus from
Range (biology)
In biology, the range or distribution of a species is the geographical area within which that species can be found. Within that range, dispersion is variation in local density.The term is often qualified:...
Sulawesi
Sulawesi
Sulawesi is one of the four larger Sunda Islands of Indonesia and is situated between Borneo and the Maluku Islands. In Indonesia, only Sumatra, Borneo, and Papua are larger in territory, and only Java and Sumatra have larger Indonesian populations.- Etymology :The Portuguese were the first to...
and the Moluccas.
Species
- Adina dissimilis Craib
- Adina pilulifera (Lam.Jean-Baptiste LamarckJean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, Chevalier de la Marck , often known simply as Lamarck, was a French naturalist...
) Franch.Adrien René FranchetAdrien René Franchet was a French botanist, based at the Paris Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle. He is noted for his extensive work describing the flora of China and Japan, based on the collections made by Armand David, Pierre Jean Marie Delavay, Paul Guillaume Farges and others.-References:...
ex DrakeEmmanuel Drake del CastilloEmmanuel Drake del Castillo was a French botanist.He was born at Paris and studied with Louis Édouard Bureau at the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle... - Adina pubicostata Merr.Elmer Drew MerrillElmer Drew Merrill was an American botanist, specializing in the flora of the Asia-Pacific region.He was born in East Auburn, Maine, and attended the University of Maine where he received a B.S. in 1898...
- Adina rubella Hance
External links
- World Checklist of Rubiaceae
- http://www.ipni.org/ipni/advPlantNameSearch.do;jsessionid=D5C5ED8944E5B6EA7C8E154F9A59516A?find_family=&find_genus=Adina+&find_species=&find_infrafamily=&find_infragenus=&find_infraspecies=&find_authorAbbrev=&find_includePublicationAuthors=on&find_includePublicationAuthors=off&find_includeBasionymAuthors=on&find_includeBasionymAuthors=off&find_publicationTitle=&find_isAPNIRecord=on&find_isAPNIRecord=false&find_isGCIRecord=on&find_isGCIRecord=false&find_isIKRecord=on&find_isIKRecord=false&find_rankToReturn=all&output_format=normal&find_sortByFamily=on&find_sortByFamily=off&query_type=by_query&back_page=plantsearchAdina] At: Plant Names At: IPNI
- Adina In: The Paradisus Londinensis At: Google books
- Adina At:Index Nominum Genericorum At: References At: NMNH Department of Botany At: Research and Collections At: Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History
- Adina At: List of Genera At: Rubiaceae At: List of families At: Families and Genera in GRIN At: Queries At: GRIN taxonomy for plants