Académie de peinture et de sculpture
Encyclopedia
The Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture (Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture), Paris
, was founded in 1648, modelled on Italian
examples, such as the Accademia di San Luca
in Rome
. Paris already had the Académie de Saint-Luc
, which was a city artist guild like any other Guild of Saint Luke
. The purpose of this academy was to professionalize the artists working for the French court and give them a stamp of approval that artists of the St. Luke's guild did not have.
In 1661, it came under the control of Jean-Baptiste Colbert
who made the arts a main part in the glorification of Louis XIV
. From 1683 on, it reached its greatest power under the directorship of Charles Le Brun
with its hierarchy of members and strict system of education. In 1749 the École des Élèves Protégés was set up as a separate school within the Académie, to give three years' specialist training to winners of the Prix de Rome
so that they might make better use of their time in Rome - its alumni included Pierre Julien
, Jean Guillaume Moitte
and Jean-Joseph Foucou
.
On August 8, 1793, the Académie was suspended by the revolutionary
National Convention
, when the latter decreed the abolition of "toutes les académies et sociétés littéraires patentées ou dotées par la Nation".
It was later renamed Académie de peinture et de sculpture.
The "Académie de peinture et sculpture" is also responsible for the Académie de France
in the villa Médicis in Rome
(founded in 1666) which allows promising artists to study in Rome.
In 1816, it was merged with the Académie de musique (Academy of Music, founded in 1669) and the Académie d'architecture
(Academy of Architecture, founded in 1671), to form the Académie des beaux-arts
, one of the five academies of the Institut de France
.
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
, was founded in 1648, modelled on Italian
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
examples, such as the Accademia di San Luca
Accademia di San Luca
The Accademia di San Luca, was founded in 1577 as an association of artists in Rome, under the directorship of Federico Zuccari, with the purpose of elevating the work of "artists", which included painters, sculptors and architects, above that of mere craftsmen. Other founders included Girolamo...
in Rome
Rome
Rome is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated city and comune, with over 2.7 million residents in . The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, on the Tiber River within the Lazio region of Italy.Rome's history spans two and a half...
. Paris already had the Académie de Saint-Luc
Académie de Saint-Luc
The Académie de Saint-Luc was a painters' guild set up in Paris in 1391 by the Provost of Paris, along the lines of the Guilds of Saint Luke in the rest of Europe...
, which was a city artist guild like any other Guild of Saint Luke
Guild of Saint Luke
The Guild of Saint Luke was the most common name for a city guild for painters and other artists in early modern Europe, especially in the Low Countries. They were named in honor of the Evangelist Luke, the patron saint of artists, who was identified by John of Damascus as having painted the...
. The purpose of this academy was to professionalize the artists working for the French court and give them a stamp of approval that artists of the St. Luke's guild did not have.
In 1661, it came under the control of Jean-Baptiste Colbert
Jean-Baptiste Colbert
Jean-Baptiste Colbert was a French politician who served as the Minister of Finances of France from 1665 to 1683 under the rule of King Louis XIV. His relentless hard work and thrift made him an esteemed minister. He achieved a reputation for his work of improving the state of French manufacturing...
who made the arts a main part in the glorification of Louis XIV
Louis XIV of France
Louis XIV , known as Louis the Great or the Sun King , was a Bourbon monarch who ruled as King of France and Navarre. His reign, from 1643 to his death in 1715, began at the age of four and lasted seventy-two years, three months, and eighteen days...
. From 1683 on, it reached its greatest power under the directorship of Charles Le Brun
Charles Le Brun
Charles Le Brun , a French painter and art theorist, became the all-powerful, peerless master of 17th-century French art.-Biography:-Early life and training:...
with its hierarchy of members and strict system of education. In 1749 the École des Élèves Protégés was set up as a separate school within the Académie, to give three years' specialist training to winners of the Prix de Rome
Prix de Rome
The Prix de Rome was a scholarship for arts students, principally of painting, sculpture, and architecture. It was created, initially for painters and sculptors, in 1663 in France during the reign of Louis XIV. It was an annual bursary for promising artists having proved their talents by...
so that they might make better use of their time in Rome - its alumni included Pierre Julien
Pierre Julien
Pierre Julien was a French sculptor who worked in a full range of rococo and neoclassical styles.He served an early apprenticeship at Le Puy-en-Velay, near his natal village of Saint-Paulien, then at the École de dessin of Lyon, then entered the Parisian atelier of Guillaume Coustou the Younger...
, Jean Guillaume Moitte
Jean Guillaume Moitte
- Life :Moitte was the sculptor of Pigalle then Jean-Baptiste Lemoyne. He won the Prix de Rome for sculpture in 1768 with David carrying the head of Goliath in triumph...
and Jean-Joseph Foucou
Jean-Joseph Foucou
Jean-Joseph Foucou was a French sculptor.Foucou was born at Riez, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence. A student at the École de peinture et de sculpture of Marseille, he went to Paris, where he entered the workshop of Jean-Jacques Caffieri...
.
On August 8, 1793, the Académie was suspended by the revolutionary
French Revolution
The French Revolution , sometimes distinguished as the 'Great French Revolution' , was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France and Europe. The absolute monarchy that had ruled France for centuries collapsed in three years...
National Convention
National Convention
During the French Revolution, the National Convention or Convention, in France, comprised the constitutional and legislative assembly which sat from 20 September 1792 to 26 October 1795 . It held executive power in France during the first years of the French First Republic...
, when the latter decreed the abolition of "toutes les académies et sociétés littéraires patentées ou dotées par la Nation".
It was later renamed Académie de peinture et de sculpture.
The "Académie de peinture et sculpture" is also responsible for the Académie de France
French Academy in Rome
The French Academy in Rome is an Academy located in the Villa Medici, within the Villa Borghese, on the Pincio in Rome, Italy.-History:...
in the villa Médicis in Rome
Rome
Rome is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated city and comune, with over 2.7 million residents in . The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, on the Tiber River within the Lazio region of Italy.Rome's history spans two and a half...
(founded in 1666) which allows promising artists to study in Rome.
In 1816, it was merged with the Académie de musique (Academy of Music, founded in 1669) and the Académie d'architecture
Académie d'architecture
The Académie royale d'architecture was a French learned society founded on December 30, 1671 by Louis XIV, king of France under the impulsion of Jean-Baptiste Colbert...
(Academy of Architecture, founded in 1671), to form the Académie des beaux-arts
Académie des beaux-arts
The Académie des Beaux-Arts is a French learned society. It is one of the five academies of the Institut de France.It was created in 1795 as the merger of the:* Académie de peinture et de sculpture...
, one of the five academies of the Institut de France
Institut de France
The Institut de France is a French learned society, grouping five académies, the most famous of which is the Académie française.The institute, located in Paris, manages approximately 1,000 foundations, as well as museums and chateaux open for visit. It also awards prizes and subsidies, which...
.
Partial list of members
- Abraham BosseAbraham BosseAbraham Bosse was a French artist, mainly as a printmaker in etching, but also in watercolour.-Life:...
(1648) - Herman van SwaneveltHerman van SwaneveltHerman van Swanevelt was a Dutch painter and etcher from the Baroque era.-Life:Herman was born in Woerden to a family of thriving artisans whose ancestors included the famous painter Lucas van Leyden. The identity of Swanevelt’s teacher remains a mystery...
(1651) - Jean VarinJean VarinJean Varin or Warin was French sculptor and engraver who made important innovations in the process of minting coins.Born in Liège, Varin moved to Paris in 1626. After demonstrating talent as an engraver, he obtained the support of Cardinal Richelieu and in 1647 was appointed head of the French mint...
(1665) - Madeleine BoullogneMadeleine BoullogneMadeleine Boullogne was a French Baroque still life painter.-Family:She was the daughter of Louis Boullogne and the sister of the painters Bon, Louis and Geneviève Boullogne.-Life:On 7 November 1669 she was received into the Académie royale de...
(1669) - Jean JouvenetJean JouvenetJean-Baptiste Jouvenet was a French painter, especially of religious subjects.He was born into an artistic family in Rouen...
(1675) - Antoine CoysevoxAntoine CoysevoxCharles Antoine Coysevox , French sculptor, was born at Lyon, and belonged to a family which had emigrated from Spain...
(1676) - Joseph ParrocelJoseph ParrocelJoseph Parrocel was a French Baroque painter, best known for his paintings and drawings of battle scenes....
(1676) - Henri GascarHenri GascarHenri Gascar was a French-born portrait painter who achieved artistic success in England during the reign of Charles II. He painted many leading ladies at court, including several of the King's mistresses, before returning to Paris...
(1680) - Nicolas de LargillièreNicolas de LargillièreNicolas de Largillière was a painter born in Paris, France.-Early life:Largillière's father, a merchant, took him to Antwerp at the age of three. As a boy, he spent nearly two years in London. Sometime after his return to Antwerp, a failed attempt at business led him to the studio of Goubeau...
(1686) - Roger de PilesRoger de PilesRoger de Piles was a French painter, engraver, art critic and diplomat.-Life:Born in Clamecy, Roger de Piles started his career in art as a pupil of Claude François....
(1699) - Guillaume Coustou the ElderGuillaume Coustou the ElderGuillaume Coustou the Elder was a French sculptor and academician. Coustou was the younger brother of French sculptor Nicolas Coustou and the pupil of his mother's brother, Antoine Coysevox...
(1704) - Jean RaouxJean RaouxJean Raoux , French painter, was born at Montpellier.After the usual course of training he became a member of the Academy in 1717 as an historical painter...
(1717) - Jean-Baptiste PaterJean-Baptiste PaterJean-Baptiste Pater was a French rococo painter.Born in Valenciennes, Pater was the son of sculptor Antoine Pater and studied under him before becoming a student of painter Jean-Baptiste Guide. Pater then moved to Paris, briefly becoming a pupil of Antoine Watteau in 1713. Watteau, despite...
(1728) - François BoucherFrançois BoucherFrançois Boucher was a French painter, a proponent of Rococo taste, known for his idyllic and voluptuous paintings on classical themes, decorative allegories representing the arts or pastoral occupations, intended as a sort of two-dimensional furniture...
(1731) - Charles-André van LooCharles-André van LooCarle or Charles-André van Loo was a French subject painter, and a younger brother of Jean-Baptiste van Loo and grandson of Jacob van Loo. He was the most famous member of a successful dynasty of painters of Dutch origin...
(1735) - Charles-Amédée-Philippe van LooCharles-Amédée-Philippe van LooCharles-Amédée-Philippe van Loo was a French painter of allegorical scenes and portraits.He studied under his father, the painter Jean-Baptiste van Loo, at Turin and Rome, where in 1738 he won the Prix de Rome, then at Aix-en-Provence, before returning to Paris in 1745...
(1747) - Jean-Baptiste HuetJean-Baptiste HuetJean-Baptiste Marie Huet was a French painter, engraver and designer associated with pastoral and genre scenes of animals in the Rococo manner, influenced by François Boucher....
(1769) - Marie-Suzanne GiroustMarie-Suzanne GiroustMarie-Suzanne Giroust, Madame Roslin was a French painter, miniaturist and pastellist. She was a member of the Académie de peinture et de sculpture. She was married to the Swedish painter Alexander Roslin.-Biography:Marie-Suzanne Giroust was the daughter of Barthélemy Giroust, Jeweller to the...
(1770) - Jacques Louis David (1780)
- Adélaïde Labille-GuiardAdélaïde Labille-GuiardAdélaïde Labille-Guiard , also known as Adélaïde Labille-Guiard des Vertus, was a French miniaturist and portrait painter.-Family:...
(1783) - Marie Louise Élisabeth Vigée-Lebrun (1783)
- Adolf Ulric Wertmüller (1784)
- Jean-Baptiste StoufJean-Baptiste StoufJean-Baptiste Stouf was a French sculptor known especially for his commemorative portrait busts and expressive emotional content....
(1785) - Dominique VivantDominique VivantDominique Vivant, Baron de Denon was a French artist, writer, diplomat, author, and archaeologist. He was appointed first director of the Louvre Museum by Napoleon after the Egyptian campaign of 1798-1801.-Biography:...
(1787) - Jean-Baptiste PigalleJean-Baptiste PigalleJean-Baptiste Pigalle was a French sculptor.He was born in Paris, the seventh child of a carpenter. Although he failed to obtain the Grand Prix, after a severe struggle he entered the Académie Royale and became one of the most popular sculptors of his day.His earlier work, such as Child with Cage ...
See also
- Academic artAcademic artAcademic art is a style of painting and sculpture produced under the influence of European academies of art. Specifically, academic art is the art and artists influenced by the standards of the French Académie des Beaux-Arts, which practiced under the movements of Neoclassicism and Romanticism,...
- French art salons and academiesFrench art salons and academiesFrom the seventeenth century to the early part of the twentieth century, artistic production in France was controlled by artistic academies which organized official exhibitions called salons...
- Royal West of England AcademyRoyal West of England AcademyThe Royal West of England Academy is an art gallery where Queens Road meets Whiteladies Road, in Bristol, England.- History :The Academy was the first art gallery in Bristol. Its foundation was financed by a bequest of £2000 in the will of Ellen Sharples in 1849, and a group of artists in...