In enzymology, a 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase is an enzyme

Enzyme

Enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions. In enzymatic reactions, the molecules at the beginning of the process, called substrates, are converted into different molecules, called products. Almost all chemical reactions in a biological cell need enzymes in order to occur at rates...

 that catalyzes

Catalysis

Catalysis is the change in rate of a chemical reaction due to the participation of a substance called a catalyst. Unlike other reagents that participate in the chemical reaction, a catalyst is not consumed by the reaction itself. A catalyst may participate in multiple chemical transformations....

 the chemical reaction

Chemical reaction

A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the transformation of one set of chemical substances to another. Chemical reactions can be either spontaneous, requiring no input of energy, or non-spontaneous, typically following the input of some type of energy, such as heat, light or electricity...

-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA + NAD⁺ 3-oxoacyl-CoA + NADH + H⁺

Thus, the two substrates

Substrate (biochemistry)

In biochemistry, a substrate is a molecule upon which an enzyme acts. Enzymes catalyze chemical reactions involving the substrate. In the case of a single substrate, the substrate binds with the enzyme active site, and an enzyme-substrate complex is formed. The substrate is transformed into one or...

 of this enzyme are (S)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA and NAD⁺

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, abbreviated NAD, is a coenzyme found in all living cells. The compound is a dinucleotide, since it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups. One nucleotide contains an adenine base and the other nicotinamide.In metabolism, NAD is involved...

, whereas its 3 products

Product (chemistry)

Product are formed during chemical reactions as reagents are consumed. Products have lower energy than the reagents and are produced during the reaction according to the second law of thermodynamics. The released energy comes from changes in chemical bonds between atoms in reagent molecules and...

 are 3-oxoacyl-CoA, NADH

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, abbreviated NAD, is a coenzyme found in all living cells. The compound is a dinucleotide, since it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups. One nucleotide contains an adenine base and the other nicotinamide.In metabolism, NAD is involved...

, and H⁺

Hydrogen ion

Hydrogen ion is recommended by IUPAC as a general term for all ions of hydrogen and its isotopes.Depending on the charge of the ion, two different classes can be distinguished: positively charged ions and negatively charged ions....

.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductase

Oxidoreductase

In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule to another...

s, to be specific those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor.

Isozymes

In humans, the following genes encode proteins with 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity:

• HADH
  Hydroxyacyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase
  Hydroxyacyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase also known as HADH is an enzyme which in humans is encoded by the HADH gene.- Function :This gene is a member of the 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase gene family. The encoded protein functions in the mitochondrial matrix to catalyze the oxidation of...
  
   – Hydroxyacyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase
• HSD17B10
  HSD17B10
  3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase type-2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HSD17B10 gene...
  
   – 3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase type-2
• EHHADH
  EHHADH
  EHHADH is a human gene....
  
   – Peroxisomal bifunctional enzyme
• HSD17B4
  HSD17B4
  Peroxisomal multifunctional enzyme type 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HSD17B4 gene.-Further reading:...
  
   – Peroxisomal multifunctional enzyme type 2

Function

3-Hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase is classified as an oxidoreductase

Oxidoreductase

In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule to another...

.It is involved in fatty acid metabolic processes. Specifically it catalyzes the third step of beta oxidation

Beta oxidation

Beta oxidation is the process by which fatty acids, in the form of Acyl-CoA molecules, are broken down in mitochondria and/or in peroxisomes to generate Acetyl-CoA, the entry molecule for the Citric Acid cycle....

; the oxidation of L-3-hydroxyacyl CoA by NAD⁺. The reaction converts the hydroxyl

Hydroxyl

A hydroxyl is a chemical group containing an oxygen atom covalently bonded with a hydrogen atom. In inorganic chemistry, the hydroxyl group is known as the hydroxide ion, and scientists and reference works generally use these different terms though they refer to the same chemical structure in...

 group into a keto

Keto

Keto can refer to:* The Keto people, an ethnic group of the Siberian North.* Ceto or Keto, a sea goddess in Greek mythology.* Ketone or keto group, the functional group in the chemical compounds ketones....

 group.


The end product is 3-ketoacyl CoA.

Metabolic pathways

This enzyme participates in 8 metabolic pathways

Metabolism

Metabolism is the set of chemical reactions that happen in the cells of living organisms to sustain life. These processes allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. Metabolism is usually divided into two categories...

:

• fatty acid elongation in mitochondria
  Fatty acid synthesis
  Fatty acid synthesis is the creation of fatty acids from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA precursors through action of enzymes called fatty acid synthases...
  
  
• fatty acid metabolism
  Fatty acid metabolism
  Fatty acids are an important source of energy and adenosine triphosphate for many cellular organisms. Excess fatty acids, glucose, and other nutrients can be stored efficiently as fat. Triglycerides yield more than twice as much energy for the same mass as do carbohydrates or proteins. All cell...
  
  
• valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation
• lysine degradation
• tryptophan metabolism
• benzoate degradation via coa ligation
• butanoate metabolism
• caprolactam degradation

Nomenclature

The systematic name of this enzyme class is (S)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA:NAD+ oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include:

• 1-specific DPN-linked beta-hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase
• 3-hydroxyacetyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase
• 3-hydroxyacyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase
• 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase
• 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase
• 3-keto reductase
• 3-L-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase
• 3beta-hydroxyacyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase
• beta-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase
• beta-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase
• beta-hydroxyacyl dehydrogenase
• beta-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A synthetase
• beta-hydroxyacylcoenzyme A dehydrogenase
• beta-hydroxybutyrylcoenzyme A dehydrogenase
• beta-keto-reductase
• beta-ketoacyl-CoA reductase
• L-3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase
• L-3-hydroxyacyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase

Structural studies

As of 20 January 2010, 22 structures

Tertiary structure

In biochemistry and molecular biology, the tertiary structure of a protein or any other macromolecule is its three-dimensional structure, as defined by the atomic coordinates.-Relationship to primary structure:...

 have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB

Protein Data Bank

The Protein Data Bank is a repository for the 3-D structural data of large biological molecules, such as proteins and nucleic acids....

accession codes , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and .