2-hydroxymuconate-semialdehyde hydrolase
Encyclopedia
In enzymology, a 2-hydroxymuconate-semialdehyde hydrolase is an enzyme
that catalyzes
the chemical reaction
Thus, the two substrates
of this enzyme are 2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde and H2O
, whereas its two products
are formate
and 2-oxopent-4-enoate.
This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolase
s, specifically those acting on carbon-carbon bonds in ketonic substances. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 2-hydroxymuconate-semialdehyde formylhydrolase. Other names in common use include 2-hydroxy-6-oxohepta-2,4-dienoate hydrolase, 2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde hydrolase, HMSH, and HOD hydrolase. This enzyme participates in 5 metabolic pathways
: benzoate degradation via hydroxylation, toluene and xylene degradation, 1,4-dichlorobenzene degradation, carbazole degradation, and styrene degradation.
have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB
accession codes , , , , , , , , , and .
Enzyme
Enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions. In enzymatic reactions, the molecules at the beginning of the process, called substrates, are converted into different molecules, called products. Almost all chemical reactions in a biological cell need enzymes in order to occur at rates...
that catalyzes
Catalysis
Catalysis is the change in rate of a chemical reaction due to the participation of a substance called a catalyst. Unlike other reagents that participate in the chemical reaction, a catalyst is not consumed by the reaction itself. A catalyst may participate in multiple chemical transformations....
the chemical reaction
Chemical reaction
A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the transformation of one set of chemical substances to another. Chemical reactions can be either spontaneous, requiring no input of energy, or non-spontaneous, typically following the input of some type of energy, such as heat, light or electricity...
- 2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde + H2O
formate + 2-oxopent-4-enoate
Thus, the two substrates
Substrate (biochemistry)
In biochemistry, a substrate is a molecule upon which an enzyme acts. Enzymes catalyze chemical reactions involving the substrate. In the case of a single substrate, the substrate binds with the enzyme active site, and an enzyme-substrate complex is formed. The substrate is transformed into one or...
of this enzyme are 2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde and H2O
Water
Water is a chemical substance with the chemical formula H2O. A water molecule contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms connected by covalent bonds. Water is a liquid at ambient conditions, but it often co-exists on Earth with its solid state, ice, and gaseous state . Water also exists in a...
, whereas its two products
Product (chemistry)
Product are formed during chemical reactions as reagents are consumed. Products have lower energy than the reagents and are produced during the reaction according to the second law of thermodynamics. The released energy comes from changes in chemical bonds between atoms in reagent molecules and...
are formate
Formate
Formate or methanoate is the ion CHOO− or HCOO− . It is the simplest carboxylate anion. It is produced in large amounts in the hepatic mitochondria of embryonic cells and in cancer cells by the folate cycle Formate or methanoate is the ion CHOO− or HCOO− (formic acid minus one hydrogen ion). It...
and 2-oxopent-4-enoate.
This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolase
Hydrolase
In biochemistry, a hydrolase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a chemical bond. For example, an enzyme that catalyzed the following reaction is a hydrolase:-Nomenclature:...
s, specifically those acting on carbon-carbon bonds in ketonic substances. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 2-hydroxymuconate-semialdehyde formylhydrolase. Other names in common use include 2-hydroxy-6-oxohepta-2,4-dienoate hydrolase, 2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde hydrolase, HMSH, and HOD hydrolase. This enzyme participates in 5 metabolic pathways
Metabolism
Metabolism is the set of chemical reactions that happen in the cells of living organisms to sustain life. These processes allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. Metabolism is usually divided into two categories...
: benzoate degradation via hydroxylation, toluene and xylene degradation, 1,4-dichlorobenzene degradation, carbazole degradation, and styrene degradation.
Structural studies
As of late 2007, 10 structuresTertiary structure
In biochemistry and molecular biology, the tertiary structure of a protein or any other macromolecule is its three-dimensional structure, as defined by the atomic coordinates.-Relationship to primary structure:...
have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB
Protein Data Bank
The Protein Data Bank is a repository for the 3-D structural data of large biological molecules, such as proteins and nucleic acids....
accession codes , , , , , , , , , and .