1979 Tour de France
Encyclopedia
The 1979 Tour de France was the 66th Tour de France
Tour de France
The Tour de France is an annual bicycle race held in France and nearby countries. First staged in 1903, the race covers more than and lasts three weeks. As the best known and most prestigious of cycling's three "Grand Tours", the Tour de France attracts riders and teams from around the world. The...

, taking place June 27 to July 22, 1979. The total race distance was 24 stages over 3765 km, with riders averaging 36.513 km/h. It was the only tour to finish at L'Alpe d'Huez twice. It was won by Bernard Hinault
Bernard Hinault
Bernard Hinault is a former French cyclist known for five victories in the Tour de France. He is one of only five cyclists to have won all three Grand Tours, and the only cyclist to have won each more than once. He won the Tour de France in 1978, 1979, 1981, 1982 and 1985...

, who also won the points classification
Points classification in the Tour de France
The points classification in the Tour de France is a secondary competition in the Tour de France, that started in 1953. Points are given for high finishes in a stage and for winning intermediate sprints, and these are recorded in a points classification. It is considered a sprinters' competition...

, and whose team won both team classification
Team classification
The team classification is a prize given in the Tour de France to the best team in the race. It has been awarded since 1930, and the calculation has changed throughout the years.-Calculation:...

s. The mountains classification was won by Giovanni Battaglin
Giovanni Battaglin
Giovanni Battaglin is an Italian professional road racing cyclist. The highlight of his career was his overall win in the 1981 Giro d'Italia. He also won the 1981 Vuelta a España.-Early years:...

, and the young rider classification
Young rider classification in the Tour de France
-History:From 1968 to 1975, there was a white jersey awarded in the Tour de France to the lead rider in the combination classification . In 1975, this classification was removed, and replaced by the Best Young Rider Classification...

 was won by Jean-René Bernaudeau
Jean-René Bernaudeau
Jean-René Bernaudeau is a French former professional road bicycle racer. He was professional from 1978 to 1988. Bernaudeau is currently directeur sportif of the Team Europcar cycling team...

.

Difference from the 1978 Tour de France

In previous years, the team time trial
Team time trial
A team time trial is a road-based bicycle race in which teams of cyclists race against the clock .Teams start at equal intervals, usually two, three or four minutes apart...

s only counted for the team classification
Team classification
The team classification is a prize given in the Tour de France to the best team in the race. It has been awarded since 1930, and the calculation has changed throughout the years.-Calculation:...

, and not for the general classification, except for the bonifications. From 1979 on, the team trial also counted for the general classification.

In 1978, the riders had organised a strike against the split stages; the organisation had given in and there were no split stages in 1979.

For the first time, the Tour was broadcasted in the USA.

Participants

The following 15 teams each sent 10 cyclists, for a total of 150:
  • Renault-Gitane
  • Miko-Mercier
  • Flandria-Ca Va Seul
  • Ti Raleigh
  • Kas
  • La Redoute-Motobecane
  • Peugeot-Esso
  • Teka
  • Fiat-La France
  • Ijsboerke-Warncke
  • Splendor
  • Bianchi-Faema
  • Daf Trucks
  • Inoxpran
  • Magniflex-Famcucine

  • The big favourite was Hinault; not only was he the defending champion, but the large number of time trials made the race especially suited for him. The only cyclist though to be able to seriously challenge Hinault was Zoetemelk, the runner-up of the previous edition.

    Race details

    The prologue was won by Knetemann; Zoetemelk and Hinault both followed at four seconds.
    The first stage took the riders immediately into the mountains. Bittinger won the stage, and the favourites stayed together.
    The second stage was run as an individual climb time trial. Hinault won it, and became the new leader, with Zoetemelk and Agostinho almost one minute behind. Hinault also won the third stage, without gaining time on his rivals.

    In the fifth stage, the team time trial, Hinault lost time, but stayed the leader by 12 seconds on Zoetemelk. The Peugeot team had selected the wrong tires, according to their team leader Hennie Kuiper
    Hennie Kuiper
    Hennie Kuiper is a Dutch former professional road racing cyclist. His career includes a gold medal in the Olympic road race at Munich in 1972, becoming world professional road race champion in 1975, as well as winning four of the five “Monument” classics...

    ; he punctured five times in that stage, and if he had been 31 seconds faster he would have been the race leader.

    In the ninth stage, over the cobbles also used in Paris-Roubaix
    Paris-Roubaix
    Paris–Roubaix is a one-day professional bicycle road race in northern France near the Belgian frontier. Since its beginning in 1896 until 1967 it started in Paris and ended in Roubaix ; since 1968 the start city is Compiègne , whilst the finish is still in Roubaix...

    , Zoetemelk had joined an escape, and Hinault had to chase him. Hinault had to stop to replace a flat tire, was stopped by strikers, and finished more than three minutes behind Zoetemelk, losing the lead to him. Hinault was not happy that the other cyclists escaped while he had a flat tire, and warned that "there are some riders who will suffer plenty after what happened today". Five-time winner Jacques Anquetil
    Jacques Anquetil
    Jacques Anquetil was a French road racing cyclist and the first cyclist to win the Tour de France five times, in 1957 and from 1961 to 1964...

     was pleased with Hinault's performance, and predicted that Hinault won the Tour in that stage, because he had kept his losses limited.

    Hinault won back 36 seconds in the time trial of stage 11, and more than two minutes in the mountain time trial of stage 15, thus becoming the new leader.
    Hinault won some more time in the next stages in bonification sprints. In the eighteenth stage, Zoetemelk beat Hinault, and won back 47 seconds. That eighteenth stage was scheduled to cross the Izoard, but the course was changed in the last minute.

    Before the last stage, Hinault had an advantage of more than three minutes on Zoetemelk, and almost 25 minutes on the next cyclists. Traditionally, the last stage is run at a slow pace, because the winners are already known. But Zoetemelk attacked, and Hinault chased him. Together they stayed away from the rest, and Hinault beat Zoetemelk in the sprint, winning his seventh stage of the race.

    Besides the struggle for the first place, there was also a struggle for the last place, the lanterne rouge
    Lanterne rouge
    The Lanterne Rouge is the competitor in last place in a cycling race such as the Tour de France. The phrase comes from the French "Red Lantern" and refers to the red lantern hung on the caboose of a railway train, which conductors would look for in order to make sure none of the couplings had...

    . After the 20th stage, Philippe Tesnière was last in the general classification, with Gerhard Schönbacher
    Gerhard Schönbacher
    Gerhard Schönbacher is a former professional cyclist.Schönbacher was a professional cyclist for nine seasons, and rode the UCI World Championships seven times, but is mainly known for finishing last in the Tour de France in two consecutive years.-Biography:Schönbacher was born in Graz, Austria, on...

     before him. Tesnière had already finished last in the 1978 Tour de France
    1978 Tour de France
    The 1978 Tour de France was the 65th Tour de France, taking place June 29 to July 23, 1978. The total race distance was 22 stages over 3908 km, with riders averaging 36.084 km/h...

    , so he was aware of the publicity associated with being the lanterne rouge
    Lanterne rouge
    The Lanterne Rouge is the competitor in last place in a cycling race such as the Tour de France. The phrase comes from the French "Red Lantern" and refers to the red lantern hung on the caboose of a railway train, which conductors would look for in order to make sure none of the couplings had...

    .
    In the 21st stage, Tesnière therefore rode extra slow. Hinault took 1 hour, 8 minutes and 53 seconds to win the time trial, Schönbacher used 1 hour, 21 minutes and 52 seconds, while Tesniere rode it in 1 hour, 23 minutes and 32 seconds; both were slower than all other cyclists. Tesnière's time was more than 20% slower than Hinault's, which meant that he had missed the time cut, and was taken out of the race. When Schönbacher was near the finish of the last stage, he stopped and kissed the road, before he crossed the finishline.

    Stages

    The 1979 Tour de France started on 27 June, and had one rest day, in Les Menuires.
    Stage results
    Stage Date Route Terrain Length Winner
    P 27 June Fleurance
    Fleurance
    Fleurance is a commune in the Gers department in southwestern France.-Population:-References:*...

    Individual time trial
    Individual time trial
    An individual time trial is a road bicycle race in which cyclists race alone against the clock . There are also track-based time trials where riders compete in velodromes, and team time trials...

     
    5 km (3.1 mi)
    1 28 June Fleurance – Luchon
    Stage with mountain(s)
    225 km (139.8 mi)
    2 29 June Luchon – Superbagneres
    Superbagnères
    Superbagnères is a ski resort above the town of Bagnères-de-Luchon in the French department of Haute-Garonne in the Midi-Pyrénées region.-Overview:...

    Individual time trial
    Individual time trial
    An individual time trial is a road bicycle race in which cyclists race alone against the clock . There are also track-based time trials where riders compete in velodromes, and team time trials...

     
    24 km (14.9 mi)
    3 30 June Luchon – Pau
    Stage with mountain(s)
    180 km (111.8 mi)
    4 1 July Captieux
    Captieux
    Captieux is a commune in the Gironde department in Aquitaine in southwestern France.It lies near the border with the Landes and the Lot-et-Garonne departments.The commune is in the east of the Parc naturel régional des Landes de Gascogne....

     – Bordeaux
    Bordeaux
    Bordeaux is a port city on the Garonne River in the Gironde department in southwestern France.The Bordeaux-Arcachon-Libourne metropolitan area, has a population of 1,010,000 and constitutes the sixth-largest urban area in France. It is the capital of the Aquitaine region, as well as the prefecture...

    Team time trial
    Team time trial
    A team time trial is a road-based bicycle race in which teams of cyclists race against the clock .Teams start at equal intervals, usually two, three or four minutes apart...

     
    87 km (54.1 mi) Raleigh
    5 2 July Neuville de Poitou – Angers
    Angers
    Angers is the main city in the Maine-et-Loire department in western France about south-west of Paris. Angers is located in the French region known by its pre-revolutionary, provincial name, Anjou, and its inhabitants are called Angevins....

    Plain stage
    145 km (90.1 mi)
    6 3 July Angers – St Brieuc
    Plain stage
    239 km (148.5 mi)
    7 4 July St Hilaire du Harcouet – Deauville
    Deauville
    Deauville is a commune in the Calvados département in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France.With its racecourse, harbour, international film festival, marinas, conference centre, villas, Grand Casino and sumptuous hotels, Deauville is regarded as the "queen of the Norman beaches" and...

    Plain stage
    158 km (98.2 mi)
    8 5 July Deauville – Le Havre
    Le Havre
    Le Havre is a city in the Seine-Maritime department of the Haute-Normandie region in France. It is situated in north-western France, on the right bank of the mouth of the river Seine on the English Channel. Le Havre is the most populous commune in the Haute-Normandie region, although the total...

    Team time trial
    Team time trial
    A team time trial is a road-based bicycle race in which teams of cyclists race against the clock .Teams start at equal intervals, usually two, three or four minutes apart...

     
    90 km (55.9 mi) Raleigh
    9 6 July Amiens
    Amiens
    Amiens is a city and commune in northern France, north of Paris and south-west of Lille. It is the capital of the Somme department in Picardy...

     – Roubaix
    Roubaix
    Roubaix is a commune in the Nord department in northern France. It is located between the cities of Lille and Tourcoing.The Gare de Roubaix railway station offers connections to Lille, Tourcoing, Antwerp, Ostend and Paris.-Culture:...

    Plain stage
    201 km (124.9 mi)
    10 7 July Roubaix – Brussel
    Plain stage
    124 km (77.1 mi)
    11 8 July Brussel
    Individual time trial
    Individual time trial
    An individual time trial is a road bicycle race in which cyclists race alone against the clock . There are also track-based time trials where riders compete in velodromes, and team time trials...

     
    33 km (20.5 mi)
    12 9 July Rochefort – Metz
    Metz
    Metz is a city in the northeast of France located at the confluence of the Moselle and the Seille rivers.Metz is the capital of the Lorraine region and prefecture of the Moselle department. Located near the tripoint along the junction of France, Germany, and Luxembourg, Metz forms a central place...

    Plain stage
    193 km (119.9 mi)
    13 10 July Metz – Ballon d'Alsace
    Ballon d'Alsace
    Ballon d'Alsace is a mountain at the border of Alsace, Lorraine, and Franche-Comté. From its top, views include the Vosges, the Rhine valley, and the Black Forest.A road leads over a pass near the peak at ....

    Hilly stage
    202 km (125.5 mi)
    14 11 July Belfort
    Belfort
    Belfort is a commune in the Territoire de Belfort department in Franche-Comté in northeastern France and is the prefecture of the department. It is located on the Savoureuse, on the strategically important natural route between the Rhine and the Rhône – the Belfort Gap or Burgundian Gate .-...

     – Evian
    Evian
    Evian is a French brand of mineral water coming from several sources near Évian-les-Bains, on the south shore of Lake Geneva.Today, Evian is owned by Danone Group, a French multinational company...

    Plain stage
    248 km (154.1 mi)
    15 12 July Evian – Morzine Avoriaz
    Individual time trial
    Individual time trial
    An individual time trial is a road bicycle race in which cyclists race alone against the clock . There are also track-based time trials where riders compete in velodromes, and team time trials...

     
    54 km (33.6 mi)
    16 13 July Morzine Avoriaz – Les Menuires
    Les Menuires
    Les Menuires is a ski resort in the Belleville valley of Les Trois Vallées between Saint-Martin-de-Belleville and Val Thorens. Owned and operated by Compagnie des Alpes, It is in the Savoie département of France....

    Stage with mountain(s)
    201 km (124.9 mi)
    17 15 July Les Menuires – L'Alpe d'Huez
    Stage with mountain(s)
    167 km (103.8 mi)
    18 16 July L'Alpe d'Huez
    Stage with mountain(s)
    119 km (73.9 mi)
    19 17 July L'Alpe d'Huez – St Priest
    Plain stage
    162 km (100.7 mi)
    20 18 July St Priest – Dijon
    Dijon
    Dijon is a city in eastern France, the capital of the Côte-d'Or département and of the Burgundy region.Dijon is the historical capital of the region of Burgundy. Population : 151,576 within the city limits; 250,516 for the greater Dijon area....

    Plain stage
    240 km (149.1 mi)
    21 19 July Dijon
    Individual time trial
    Individual time trial
    An individual time trial is a road bicycle race in which cyclists race alone against the clock . There are also track-based time trials where riders compete in velodromes, and team time trials...

     
    49 km (30.4 mi)
    22 20 July Dijon – Auxerre
    Auxerre
    Auxerre is a commune in the Bourgogne region in north-central France, between Paris and Dijon. It is the capital of the Yonne department.Auxerre's population today is about 45,000...

    Plain stage
    189 km (117.4 mi)
    23 21 July Auxerre – Nogent sur Marne
    Plain stage
    205 km (127.4 mi)
    24 22 July Le Perreux sur Marne – Parijs
    Plain stage
    180 km (111.8 mi)

    General classification

    Final general classification (1–10)
    Rank Name Team Time
    1 Renault 103h 06' 50"
    2 Miko +13' 07"
    3 Flandria +26' 53"
    4 Peugeot +28' 02"
    5 Renault +32' 43"
    6 Inoxpran +38' 12"
    7 DAF +38' 38"
    8 Raleigh +39' 06"
    9 KAS +40' 38"
    10 IJsboerke +44' 35"

    Points classification

    Final points classification (1–10)
    Rank Name Team Points
    1 Renault 253
    2 IJsboerke 157
    3 Miko 109
    4 Flandria 104
    5 Peugeot 79
    6 KAS 67
    7 Splendor 66
    8 DAF 65
    9 Inoxpran 64
    10 IJsboerke 61

    Mountains classification

    Final mountains classification (1–10)
    Rank Name Team Points
    1 Inoxpran 239
    2 Renault 196
    3 La Redoute 158
    4 Miko 141
    5 KAS 118
    6 Peugeot 108
    7 Flandria 96
    8 Renault 67
    9 Miko 67
    10 Flandria 49

    Team classification

    Final team classification
    Rank Team Time
    1 Renault 414h 45' 46"
    2 Flandria +10' 29"
    3 Raleigh +15' 22"
    4 Mercier +23' 12"
    5 Ijsboerke +40' 50"
    6 Kas +1h 18' 51"
    7 Peugeot +2h 20' 07"
    8 La Redoute +2h 29' 24"
    9 Fiat +3h 31' 12"
    10 Daf +3h 39' 46"
    11 Bianchi +4h 22' 37"

    Inoxpran, Teka, Magniflex and Splendor did not finish the race with four or more cyclists, so they were not eligible for the team classification.

    Team points classification

    Final team points classification
    Rank Team Time
    1 Renault 1008
    2 Ijsboerke 1057
    3 Raleigh 1165
    4 Mercier 1353
    5 Flandria 1407
    6 La Redoute 1558
    7 Peugeot 1602
    8 Kas 1767
    9 Daf 2050
    10 Fiat 2064
    11 Bianchi 3025
    12 Inoxpran 3172
    13 Teka 4711

    Magniflex and Splendor did not finish the race with three or more cyclists, so they were not eligible for the team points classification.

    Young rider classification

    Final young rider classification (1–4)
    Rank Name Team Time
    1 Renault 103h 39' 33"
    2 KAS +7' 55"
    3 Raleigh +26' 30"
    4 DAF +59' 08"

    Sprints classification

    Final sprints classification (1–5)
    Rank Name Team Points
    1 KAS 93
    2 Renault 82
    3 Renault 53
    4 IJsboerke 31
    5 Peugeot 30

    Other classifications

    The combativity award
    Combativity award
    The combativity award, , is a prize given in the Tour de France. It favours constant attackers and since 1981 the winner of the award has not won the whole Tour.- History :...

     was initially given to Joop Zoetemelk
    Joop Zoetemelk
    Hendrik Gerardus Jozef "Joop" Zoetemelk is a retired professional racing cyclist from the Netherlands who has emigrated to France. He started the Tour de France 16 times and finished every time, a record. He won the race in 1980 and also came eighth, fifth, fourth and second...

    ; he was later disqualified after his doping offence (see below) and Hennie Kuiper
    Hennie Kuiper
    Hennie Kuiper is a Dutch former professional road racing cyclist. His career includes a gold medal in the Olympic road race at Munich in 1972, becoming world professional road race champion in 1975, as well as winning four of the five “Monument” classics...

     received the award.
    In addition to the classifications above, there were several minor classifications; in total the 1979 Tour de France contained sixteen competitions, each with its own sponsor.

    Doping

    For the first time in the Tour de France, doping tests were able to find anabolicals. The doping tests were performed by Manfred Donike
    Manfred Donike
    Manfred Donike was a German cyclist and chemist, known for his research on doping. Donike lived in Rölsdorf....

     in his lab in Köln.

    After the 17th stage, it was announced that Giovanni Battaglin
    Giovanni Battaglin
    Giovanni Battaglin is an Italian professional road racing cyclist. The highlight of his career was his overall win in the 1981 Giro d'Italia. He also won the 1981 Vuelta a España.-Early years:...

    , leader of the mountains classification, had tested positive after the 13th stage. He received a penalty of 10 minutes in the general classification, and lost all mountain points that he collected during that 13th stage, and an extra penalty of 10 points.
    Frans Van Looy and Gilbert Chaumaz also tested positive for doping.

    After the race finished, Joop Zoetemelk
    Joop Zoetemelk
    Hendrik Gerardus Jozef "Joop" Zoetemelk is a retired professional racing cyclist from the Netherlands who has emigrated to France. He started the Tour de France 16 times and finished every time, a record. He won the race in 1980 and also came eighth, fifth, fourth and second...

    was found to have used doping, which he confessed later. Zoetemelk was fined with 10 minutes in the general classification, but kept his second place.

    Aftermath

    The Tour organisation did not like the attention that the last-placed riders received, and for the next year made a new rule that after several stages the last-placed cyclist in the general classification would be removed from the race.
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