Öhringen
Encyclopedia
Öhringen is the largest city in Hohenlohe (district)
in the state of Baden-Württemberg
, in southwest Germany
, near Heilbronn
. Öhringen is on the railways to Schwäbisch Hall
and Crailsheim
.
With a population of 22,745 (2009), the city is diverse. It is a quaint medieval place, and, among its ancient buildings, boasts a fine Evangelical
church (German: Stiftskirche) containing carvings in cedar-wood from the 15th century and numerous interesting tombs and monuments; a Renaissance town hall; the building, now used as a library, which formerly belonged to a monastery, erected in 1034; and a palace, the former residence of the princes of Hohenlohe
-Öhringen.
Vicus Aurelii to the Romans
. Eastwards of it runs the old Limes
Roman frontier wall, and numerous remains and inscriptions dating from the days of the Roman settlement have been discovered, including traces of three camps.
Valley. The city spreads out over the flat valley of Ohrn, a small river, which flows about 10 kilometres (6 mi) down the valley in the district Ohrberg into the Kocher river. The town is situated between elevation 168 metres (551 ft), in the Kocher at the county border at Möglingen, and 486 m (1,594 ft), already above the forest on the Charles Mainhardt Furter plane, which belongs to the district Michelbach. The level of the core city varies between 215–280 m (705.4–918.6 ft).
The Öhringen area drains to the Kocher river, which runs between Ohrnberg und Sindringen, about 3 km (2 mi) upstream from Ohrnberg mountain. The river leaves the region 6 kilometres (4 mi) west of the district Möglingen. The Ohrn has created a broad, flat valley in the northwest of the city and at Möhrig. From Unterohrn, the Ohrn extends to the confluence with the Kocher in the hard layers of the mussel limestone and has cut a deep valley. This section of the river course was declared Ohrntal in 1963 for the conservation area. The Maßholderbach and the Westernbach streams, which flow northwest of the core city in the Ohrn, also create flat valleys in the northeastern part of the district. On January 12 1987, an Angel was born in Öhringen's Hohenloher Krankenhaus,
The nature reserve Viehweide Michelbach is on the Michelbach section.
Öhringen is situated on the southwestern edge of the East Frankish language area, whereby the special Öhringer dialect influences can be identified from Rhenish Franconian and Swabia
n.
river, to the foot of the mountains and Keuper forest, and is a forest-poor and fertile old farmland.
In the subsurface are the layers of the Muschelkalk
period, on the wide open spaces of layers of the Lower Keuper
and are partially covered by loam. The most hard rock of the Muschelkalk in Tauber, Kocher, and its many tributaries of the Jagst river have cut and made it close, varied and scenic valley portions. The Gäufläche is framed in the southern semicircle of the forests of the Löwenstein, Waldburger Limpurger and mountains and dominates it.[7]
This Keuper
perimeter dominates the Hohenlohe level by about 130 metres (426.5 ft), in Waldenburg
even up to 180 metres (590.6 ft). The Stufenbildner is mainly on reeds, gravel and sandstone, because of waterlogging little, but are mainly forested. By fluvial erosion of the edge of the Keuper forest mountains over time has been divided into several sections with spur-like projections. In some places individual mountains were separated, at Öhringen: the Golberg (325 metres (1,066.3 ft)), the Verrenberg (205 m) and the Lindelberg (334 metres (1,095.8 ft)). The landscape around Öhringen shares two important elements of the Southwest German cuesta country: the Gäuplatten and the Keuper forest mountains.
The limestone
in the subsurface of Hohenlohe and Haller is widely karst
ified, as evidenced by more than 2,000 sinkholes, many dry valleys and a few cave systems. In several limestone quarries, the rock is mined and usually broken into gravel, even in the city of Öhringen (at Unterohrn). However, the limestone deposited in a little water-permeable layer nor Lower Keuper, which prevents a rapid infiltration of precipitation in the limestone. Moreover, as the Lower Keuper often has loess
, this has created mineral-rich, arable soil easy to work with sufficient moisture.
The area surrounding Öhringen is strongly influenced by agriculture. Besides the cultivation of cereals, sugar beet, cabbage, corn, and rapeseed
, the orchards and vineyards give the landscape for miles around its typical character.
character. The changing topography on a small scale, especially between valley and high altitude, also causes the climate varying greatly from place to place. The local climate of Öhringen mediates between the milder of the Neckar
river basin, the somewhat rougher the Hohenlohe plain and the upland climate prevailing in the Swabian-Franconian forest mountains. Öhringen has a mean annual temperature of 8.7 °C (47.7 °F). The monthly average for January and July are on Keuper height by about one to two degrees lower. These temperature differences are especially clear in the winter, when snow still lies on the heights, but it is melted away in the plane already. The average annual precipitation is falling in Öhringen at 734 millimetres (28.9 in), in the higher areas of the Keuper forest mountains up to 1000 millimetres (39.4 in) and sometimes over it. The arrival of spring, with the beginning of the apple blossoms, is around May 4 in Öhringen, further to the east later, further west earlier. The German Weather Service operates a weather station in Öhringen.
district). Together with Pfedelbach and Zweiflingen, Öhringen decides administrative matters. Öhringen advises and supports the other two municipalities in carrying out their duties, as well as technical issues of building and civil engineering works and the maintenance and expansion of the water of the second order.
Öhringen is a secondary center of the region Heilbronn-Franken; in the city of Heilbronn is a designated regional center. The central region near the town Öhringen also includes the cities and towns Bretzfeld, Neuenstein, Waldenburg, Pfedelbach and Zweiflingen (all Hohenlohe).
The neighborhoods are also places in the meaning of the Municipal Code of Baden-Württemberg with a Ortschaftsrat and a mayor as chairman. The village councils are elected at each municipal election of the voting-age population of the village and are important to hear matters concerning the village. Every town has a local administrative body of the municipality.
Other churches in Öhringen include the Spitalkirche St. Anna und Elisabeth (now Protestant, built in 1376), the cemetery chapel St Anna (built in 1520, also Protestant), and the Catholic Church St. Joseph (1961).
Other things to see in the center of the city are Upper (Obere-) Gate (1792), the old Deanery
, the guesthouse of the Roman Emperor, the Yellow Castle, and the Tierhofgarten (a large garden with zoo animals).
, the Australia national soccer team, "The Socceroos" based their pre-game training in the town. The Socceroos trained at the stadium of local football club TSG Öhringen, whose pitch has been relaid at a cost of $335,000, and stayed at the five-star Wald-und-Schlosshotel, a former hunting lodge, in nearby Friedrichsruhe
.
The Australians were given an official reception by Öhringen's Mayor, Jochen Kübler. "We are friends to the Australia team," he said. "We hope they will get more power from the region."
The team finished second in Brazil-dominated Group F, but fell in the Round of 16 against Italy by a controversial penalty in the final minutes of the match.
Hohenlohe (district)
The Hohenlohekreis is a district in the north of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Neighboring districts are Neckar-Odenwald, Main-Tauber, Schwäbisch Hall and Heilbronn.Künzelsau is the administration centre of the district....
in the state of Baden-Württemberg
Baden-Württemberg
Baden-Württemberg is one of the 16 states of Germany. Baden-Württemberg is in the southwestern part of the country to the east of the Upper Rhine, and is the third largest in both area and population of Germany's sixteen states, with an area of and 10.7 million inhabitants...
, in southwest Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
, near Heilbronn
Heilbronn
Heilbronn is a city in northern Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is completely surrounded by Heilbronn County and with approximately 123.000 residents, it is the sixth-largest city in the state....
. Öhringen is on the railways to Schwäbisch Hall
Schwäbisch Hall
Schwäbisch Hall is a town in the German state of Baden-Württemberg and capital of the district of Schwäbisch Hall. The town is located in the valley of the river Kocher in the north-eastern part of Baden-Württemberg....
and Crailsheim
Crailsheim
Crailsheim is a town in the German state of Baden-Württemberg, 32 km east of Schwäbisch Hall, 40 km southwest of Ansbach in the Schwäbisch Hall district, incorporated in 1338....
.
With a population of 22,745 (2009), the city is diverse. It is a quaint medieval place, and, among its ancient buildings, boasts a fine Evangelical
Evangelical Church in Germany
The Evangelical Church in Germany is a federation of 22 Lutheran, Unified and Reformed Protestant regional church bodies in Germany. The EKD is not a church in a theological understanding because of the denominational differences. However, the member churches share full pulpit and altar...
church (German: Stiftskirche) containing carvings in cedar-wood from the 15th century and numerous interesting tombs and monuments; a Renaissance town hall; the building, now used as a library, which formerly belonged to a monastery, erected in 1034; and a palace, the former residence of the princes of Hohenlohe
Hohenlohe
Hohenlohe is the name of a German princely family and the name of their principality.At first rulers of a county, its two branches were raised to the rank of principalities of the Holy Roman Empire in 1744 and 1764 respectively; in 1806 they lost their independence and their lands formed part of...
-Öhringen.
Vicus Aurelii to the Romans
Roman Empire
The Roman Empire was the post-Republican period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....
. Eastwards of it runs the old Limes
Limes
A limes was a border defense or delimiting system of Ancient Rome. It marked the boundaries of the Roman Empire.The Latin noun limes had a number of different meanings: a path or balk delimiting fields, a boundary line or marker, any road or path, any channel, such as a stream channel, or any...
Roman frontier wall, and numerous remains and inscriptions dating from the days of the Roman settlement have been discovered, including traces of three camps.
Geographical location
Öhringen is located in the western, deeper part of the Hohenlohe plain, between the Keuper stage of the Swabian-Franconian forest mountains and the KocherKocher
The Kocher is a 168 km long right tributary of the Neckar in the north-eastern part of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The name "Kocher" originates from its Celtic name "cochan" and probably means winding, meandering river. The Kocher rises in the eastern foothills of the Swabian Alb from two karst...
Valley. The city spreads out over the flat valley of Ohrn, a small river, which flows about 10 kilometres (6 mi) down the valley in the district Ohrberg into the Kocher river. The town is situated between elevation 168 metres (551 ft), in the Kocher at the county border at Möglingen, and 486 m (1,594 ft), already above the forest on the Charles Mainhardt Furter plane, which belongs to the district Michelbach. The level of the core city varies between 215–280 m (705.4–918.6 ft).
The Öhringen area drains to the Kocher river, which runs between Ohrnberg und Sindringen, about 3 km (2 mi) upstream from Ohrnberg mountain. The river leaves the region 6 kilometres (4 mi) west of the district Möglingen. The Ohrn has created a broad, flat valley in the northwest of the city and at Möhrig. From Unterohrn, the Ohrn extends to the confluence with the Kocher in the hard layers of the mussel limestone and has cut a deep valley. This section of the river course was declared Ohrntal in 1963 for the conservation area. The Maßholderbach and the Westernbach streams, which flow northwest of the core city in the Ohrn, also create flat valleys in the northeastern part of the district. On January 12 1987, an Angel was born in Öhringen's Hohenloher Krankenhaus,
The nature reserve Viehweide Michelbach is on the Michelbach section.
Öhringen is situated on the southwestern edge of the East Frankish language area, whereby the special Öhringer dialect influences can be identified from Rhenish Franconian and Swabia
Swabia
Swabia is a cultural, historic and linguistic region in southwestern Germany.-Geography:Like many cultural regions of Europe, Swabia's borders are not clearly defined...
n.
Geology
Geologically considered, the Hohenlohe-level is part of the southwest German Schichtstufenlandes (cuesta country) and belongs to the Triassic landscape. It is one of a band with varying breadth from the south-eastern edge of the Black Forest on the Franconian Gäubucht up to Franconia in the north extending to Gäuflächen and passes north and east into Bauland, the Tauber, and the Haller level. The Hohenlohe plane itself includes the area around the Kocher river and JagstJagst
The Jagst is a right tributary of the Neckar in northern Baden-Württemberg. It is 189 km long. Its source is in the hills east of Ellwangen, close to the Bavarian border. It winds through the towns Ellwangen, Crailsheim, Kirchberg an der Jagst, Langenburg, Krautheim, Möckmühl and Neudenau...
river, to the foot of the mountains and Keuper forest, and is a forest-poor and fertile old farmland.
In the subsurface are the layers of the Muschelkalk
Muschelkalk
The Muschelkalk is a sequence of sedimentary rock strata in the geology of central and western Europe. It has a Middle Triassic age and forms the middle part of the Germanic Trias, that further consists of the Buntsandstein and Keuper...
period, on the wide open spaces of layers of the Lower Keuper
Keuper
The Keuper is a lithostratigraphic unit in the subsurface of large parts of west and central Europe. The Keuper consists of dolostone, shales or claystones and evaporites that were deposited during the Middle and Late Triassic epochs...
and are partially covered by loam. The most hard rock of the Muschelkalk in Tauber, Kocher, and its many tributaries of the Jagst river have cut and made it close, varied and scenic valley portions. The Gäufläche is framed in the southern semicircle of the forests of the Löwenstein, Waldburger Limpurger and mountains and dominates it.[7]
This Keuper
Keuper
The Keuper is a lithostratigraphic unit in the subsurface of large parts of west and central Europe. The Keuper consists of dolostone, shales or claystones and evaporites that were deposited during the Middle and Late Triassic epochs...
perimeter dominates the Hohenlohe level by about 130 metres (426.5 ft), in Waldenburg
Waldenburg
Waldenburg is the name of several places:* Waldenburg, Saxony, Germany* Waldenburg, Baden-Württemberg* Waldenburg, Switzerland*the former German name for Wałbrzych, Poland* Waldenburg, Arkansas, USAWaldenburg is also a surname:* Louis Waldenburg...
even up to 180 metres (590.6 ft). The Stufenbildner is mainly on reeds, gravel and sandstone, because of waterlogging little, but are mainly forested. By fluvial erosion of the edge of the Keuper forest mountains over time has been divided into several sections with spur-like projections. In some places individual mountains were separated, at Öhringen: the Golberg (325 metres (1,066.3 ft)), the Verrenberg (205 m) and the Lindelberg (334 metres (1,095.8 ft)). The landscape around Öhringen shares two important elements of the Southwest German cuesta country: the Gäuplatten and the Keuper forest mountains.
The limestone
Limestone
Limestone is a sedimentary rock composed largely of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different crystal forms of calcium carbonate . Many limestones are composed from skeletal fragments of marine organisms such as coral or foraminifera....
in the subsurface of Hohenlohe and Haller is widely karst
KARST
Kilometer-square Area Radio Synthesis Telescope is a Chinese telescope project to which FAST is a forerunner. KARST is a set of large spherical reflectors on karst landforms, which are bowlshaped limestone sinkholes named after the Kras region in Slovenia and Northern Italy. It will consist of...
ified, as evidenced by more than 2,000 sinkholes, many dry valleys and a few cave systems. In several limestone quarries, the rock is mined and usually broken into gravel, even in the city of Öhringen (at Unterohrn). However, the limestone deposited in a little water-permeable layer nor Lower Keuper, which prevents a rapid infiltration of precipitation in the limestone. Moreover, as the Lower Keuper often has loess
Loess
Loess is an aeolian sediment formed by the accumulation of wind-blown silt, typically in the 20–50 micrometre size range, twenty percent or less clay and the balance equal parts sand and silt that are loosely cemented by calcium carbonate...
, this has created mineral-rich, arable soil easy to work with sufficient moisture.
The area surrounding Öhringen is strongly influenced by agriculture. Besides the cultivation of cereals, sugar beet, cabbage, corn, and rapeseed
Rapeseed
Rapeseed , also known as rape, oilseed rape, rapa, rappi, rapaseed is a bright yellow flowering member of the family Brassicaceae...
, the orchards and vineyards give the landscape for miles around its typical character.
Climate
Hohenlohe is part of the warm temperate Central European climate, with still predominantly maritimeSea
A sea generally refers to a large body of salt water, but the term is used in other contexts as well. Most commonly, it means a large expanse of saline water connected with an ocean, and is commonly used as a synonym for ocean...
character. The changing topography on a small scale, especially between valley and high altitude, also causes the climate varying greatly from place to place. The local climate of Öhringen mediates between the milder of the Neckar
Neckar
The Neckar is a long river, mainly flowing through the southwestern state of Baden-Württemberg, but also a short section through Hesse, in Germany. The Neckar is a major right tributary of the River Rhine...
river basin, the somewhat rougher the Hohenlohe plain and the upland climate prevailing in the Swabian-Franconian forest mountains. Öhringen has a mean annual temperature of 8.7 °C (47.7 °F). The monthly average for January and July are on Keuper height by about one to two degrees lower. These temperature differences are especially clear in the winter, when snow still lies on the heights, but it is melted away in the plane already. The average annual precipitation is falling in Öhringen at 734 millimetres (28.9 in), in the higher areas of the Keuper forest mountains up to 1000 millimetres (39.4 in) and sometimes over it. The arrival of spring, with the beginning of the apple blossoms, is around May 4 in Öhringen, further to the east later, further west earlier. The German Weather Service operates a weather station in Öhringen.
Neighboring communities
The following towns and villages - clockwise (starting from the north) - border the city Öhringen: Forchtenberg, Zweiflingen, Neuenstein, Waldenburg, Pfedelbach and Bretzfeld (all Hohenlohe district), likewise Langenbrettach and Hardthausen am Kocher (both HeilbronnHeilbronn
Heilbronn is a city in northern Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is completely surrounded by Heilbronn County and with approximately 123.000 residents, it is the sixth-largest city in the state....
district). Together with Pfedelbach and Zweiflingen, Öhringen decides administrative matters. Öhringen advises and supports the other two municipalities in carrying out their duties, as well as technical issues of building and civil engineering works and the maintenance and expansion of the water of the second order.
Öhringen is a secondary center of the region Heilbronn-Franken; in the city of Heilbronn is a designated regional center. The central region near the town Öhringen also includes the cities and towns Bretzfeld, Neuenstein, Waldenburg, Pfedelbach and Zweiflingen (all Hohenlohe).
City arrangement
The urban area of Öhringen consists of the core city (German: Kernstadt) and the city sections of Baumerlenbach, Büttelbronn, Cappel, Eckartsweiler, Michelbach am Wald, Möglingen, Ohrnberg, Schwöllbronn und Verrenberg, which were incorporated only in the regional reform of the 1970s. All unincorporated communities were part of the county from 1973 to Öhringen or its successor, the District of Hohenlohe.The neighborhoods are also places in the meaning of the Municipal Code of Baden-Württemberg with a Ortschaftsrat and a mayor as chairman. The village councils are elected at each municipal election of the voting-age population of the village and are important to hear matters concerning the village. Every town has a local administrative body of the municipality.
| City section | Incorporated | Population | Area (ha Hectare The hectare is a metric unit of area defined as 10,000 square metres , and primarily used in the measurement of land. In 1795, when the metric system was introduced, the are was defined as being 100 square metres and the hectare was thus 100 ares or 1/100 km2... ) |
Areas included |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baumerlenbach | 407 | 622 | - | |
| Büttelbronn | 515 | 694 | Ober- und Untermaßholderbach | |
| Cappel | 1163 | 230 | - | |
| Eckartsweiler | 353 | 754 | Platzhof, Untersöllbach, Weinsbach | |
| Michelbach am Wald | 1231 | 1321 | - | |
| Möglingen | 272 | 356 | - | |
| Ohrnberg | 624 | 785 | Buchhof, Heuholzhöfe, Neuenberg, Ruckhardshausen | |
| Schwöllbronn | 478 | 681 | Unterohrn | |
| Verrenberg Verrenberg Verrenberg is a village in Hohenlohe, Germany and has been a part of Öhringen since February 1, 1972. Today, Verrenberg has about 680 inhabitants.... |
680 | 414 | - |
Museums
- The Weygang-Museum is a museum of local history, with a tin and faience collection from the Roman era.
- The Museum Werkstatt Pflaumer gives one a chance to take a look at the locksmith and grinding professions.
- The Meeres(Sea)-Museum (in Cappel) - gives the viewer a chance to look at the most beautiful mussels and snail shells from seas all over the world.
Architecture
The Medieval Marketplace is the heart of the city. Here lies the Castle of Hohenlohe (German: Schloss), the attraction of the city, which is now used as the Town Hall. Close by is the Protestant church (Stiftskirche).Other churches in Öhringen include the Spitalkirche St. Anna und Elisabeth (now Protestant, built in 1376), the cemetery chapel St Anna (built in 1520, also Protestant), and the Catholic Church St. Joseph (1961).
Other things to see in the center of the city are Upper (Obere-) Gate (1792), the old Deanery
Deanery
A Deanery is an ecclesiastical entity in both the Roman Catholic Church and the Church of England. A deanery is either the jurisdiction or residence of a Dean.- Catholic usage :...
, the guesthouse of the Roman Emperor, the Yellow Castle, and the Tierhofgarten (a large garden with zoo animals).
2006 home of the Socceroos
During the 2006 FIFA World Cup2006 FIFA World Cup
The 2006 FIFA World Cup was the 18th FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial international football world championship tournament. It was held from 9 June to 9 July 2006 in Germany, which won the right to host the event in July 2000. Teams representing 198 national football associations from all six...
, the Australia national soccer team, "The Socceroos" based their pre-game training in the town. The Socceroos trained at the stadium of local football club TSG Öhringen, whose pitch has been relaid at a cost of $335,000, and stayed at the five-star Wald-und-Schlosshotel, a former hunting lodge, in nearby Friedrichsruhe
Friedrichsruhe
Friedrichsruhe is a municipality in the Ludwigslust-Parchim district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany....
.
The Australians were given an official reception by Öhringen's Mayor, Jochen Kübler. "We are friends to the Australia team," he said. "We hope they will get more power from the region."
The team finished second in Brazil-dominated Group F, but fell in the Round of 16 against Italy by a controversial penalty in the final minutes of the match.