Zhu Ran
Encyclopedia
Zhu Ran was a military general of Eastern Wu
during the Three Kingdoms
era of Chinese history
. Despite being a childhood friend of the first emperor of Eastern Wu, Sun Quan
, he was never tasked with important position nor assignment before Lü Meng
's invasion of southern Jing Province in 219
, wherein he assisted in capturing the enemy commander Guan Yu
. Following the Battle of Xiaoting
, the Cao Wei
state launched a three-pronged strike on Eastern Wu's northwestern, middle, and eastern borders. Zhu was sent to the northwestern border, where he defended the city of Jiangling with only 5,000 troops against an enemy force about ten times greater. He rose to fame and became feared throughout Cao Wei. He then participated in a serious of military operations against Cao Wei, during which he successfully defeated several enemy units, but the overall objectives had never been met. Before his death, Zhu was granted authority to oversee matters within the army.
, Huzhou
), Shi Ran was a nephew of Sun Ce
's veteran general, Zhu Zhi
, who had a liking to the 13-year-old Shi Ran and asked Sun to grant him permission to adopt the child. Since Zhu had contributed considerably to Sun's pacification of Jiangdong and had not bore a son, Sun specifically ordered the Governor of Danyang to bring presents to the family of Shi for the ceremony and celebration. Thus, Shi Ran became an adopted son of Zhu Zhi and had his last name changed into Zhu. In addition, he studied together with Sun Ce's younger brother, Sun Quan
as a young boy, and the two became very intimate. Because of this, after Sun Ce died and was succeeded by Sun Quan, Zhu Ran was made a Prefect of Yuyao (余姚) at the mere age of 19. Zhu was later appointed as chief of Shanyin (山陰), acting on authority of a captain, to oversee five local counties around the area. Pleased with his abilities, Sun further promoted him to be the Administrator of Linchuan (臨川), and gave him command over 2,000 soldiers.
ethnic group within his jurisdiction, and was able to do so in less than a month. However, when the hegemonic warlord, Cao Cao
led his massive army to invade the Wu area, Zhu stayed in the back just as most other officials at the time did; and was not assigned significant tasks for some time until the Battle of Ruxukou
, where Zhu proved his loyalty in personally going to the frontline to help resist Cao's 400,000 strong army. Although Zhu didn't engage the enemy in this battle, he was promoted by Sun to be a Major General, as a way to reaffirm his trust in Zhu. In 219, Zhu Ran participated in Lü Meng
's Jing Province campaign
as Lu's aide. When the enemy commander, Guan Yu
, was abandoned by his troops and trapped in Maicheng, Zhu was ordered by Lu to lay the first line of blockades to Guan's escape. However, for reason unknown, Zhu let Guan slip by, and Pan Zhang
, who was responsible for the second layer, succeeded in capturing Guan Yu alive. Regardless, Sun credited both Pan and Zhu for Guan's capture. When Lü Meng laid on his death bed shortly after the Jing Province campaign, Sun asked his input on who could succeed him as the new commander for the army, wherein Lü highly praised the abilities of Zhu Ran and recommended the latter be the replacement. Heeding Lü's dying words, Sun gave the staff of authority to Zhu, and tasked him with the defense of Jiangling, capital city of Nan Commendary and a vital strategic stronghold on the front-line.
Two years later, the emperor of Shu Han, Liu Bei
, led a grand force of more than 100,000 troops to invade Wu, and Zhu led his 5,000 troops to join the Wu commander, Lu Xun
, for the tactical defense of Xiaoting. When the next summer came, Zhu led a separate force against Shu. After breaking Liu Bei's vanguard, Zhu Ran's forces took up a position at the rear of Shu army, blocking their escape as they attempted to flee from a fire attack executed by Lu Xun. Together, Lu Xun and Zhu Ran chased the Shu emperor into the deep hills, pushing him back to Baidecheng, where he would admit defeat and die shortly afterwards.
suddenly launched a three-pronged campaign against Wu. Even though Cao Pi's plan was detected by Lu Xun, who ordered Xu Sheng
to perform a double-back to return to Jianye and informed Sun to prepare for war, the Wu forces still faced a dire situation. Their troops were stretched thinly across at least four fronts; on the western front facing Baidecheng, where Liu Bei's declaration of war was still in effect; the Nan Commandery, which was pressed by the Wei generals Zhang He
, Xu Huang
, Cao Zheng, and Xiahou Shang
; at Ruxukou, where Wei Grand General Cao Ren
was leading his team to land on the Middle Island; and at the eastern battlefield on the Yangtze River, Dongkou, where Zhang Liao
and Cao Xiu
defeated Lü Fan
's navy. At the time, there was an extreme shortage of military personnel. Furthermore, an outbreak of disease greatly reduced the morale and number of soldiers in Zhu Ran's army, leaving him with a mere 5,000 men, who were intimidated by the news that the Wu reinforcements led by Sun Sheng were eliminated by Zhang He. At Jiangling, Xiahou Shang built wooden bridges for the soldiers to cross the shallow waters and attack the castle. With each passing day, the number of Wei troops besieging the castle increased by the thousands. Not knowing how and where the Wei forces were crossing the shallows of the river, the Wu reinforcements under Pan Zhang and Zhuge Jin
had no effective way to lift the siege. Surrounded in his castle, Zhu was heavily outnumbered by Cao Zheng, who encircled the fortress with several layers and deployed a variety of siege weapons. Yet Zhu showed no signs of fear, and encouraged his comrades and subordinates to counter the enemy. When Cao relaxed his guard, Zhu's forces were able to destroy two of the Wei encampments. Six months had passed, but the Wei army still continued the siege, and Cao Pi had arrived at Wan city to bolster their morale. One of Zhu's officers, seeing that the Wei troops were numerous and that the food supply within Jiangling castle was running out, planned to defect to Wei. He secretly contacted the Wei troops outside of the castle walls and promised to open the gate to permit their forces entry. When the betrayer was about to open the castle gate, he was noticed by Zhu and executed. At the time, Pan Zhang had gone upstream and collected one million bundles of reeds. He fitted these to rafts and set them on fire, sending them downstream so that they would burn the wooden bridges being used by Wei. Knowing what Pan had done, the Wei forces returned north before the retreat route could be destroyed. Because of his extraordinary performance in this battle, Zhu Ran's name became known throughout the Kingdom of Wei as a powerful enemy general.
and surrounded it. However, the army of Wei under the command of Sima Yi
defeated him, and he retreated. In 246 he again invaded Wei and attacked Zhazhong (柤中), and when his escape route was cut off by Li Xing (李興) of Wei, he defeated Li Xing's forces and withdrew.
In 245, Lu Xun died and Zhu Ran was given command over the armies of Wu by Sun Quan. He died four years later in 249, and received the third largest funeral after Lu Meng and Ling Tong
. At his funeral service, Sun Quan is said to have wept greatly for him. His son, Zhu Ji, succeeded him and continued to serve Eastern Wu.
, Anhui
. Many historically important decorative items of clothing were discovered within. The road on which the site was discovered was renamed to "Zhuran Road" in his honour.
's historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms
, Zhu Ran was killed by Zhao Yun
while pursuing Liu Bei's defeated force in Battle of Xiaoting
in 222.
video game series, he is instrumental in the fire attack on Liu Bei's army in the Battle of Yiling
, which is the turning point of the battle, causing Liu Bei to lose most of his army and morale and being forced to retreat.
Eastern Wu
Eastern Wu, also known as Sun Wu, was one the three states competing for control of China during the Three Kingdoms period after the fall of the Han Dynasty. It was based in the Jiangnan region of China...
during the Three Kingdoms
Three Kingdoms
The Three Kingdoms period was a period in Chinese history, part of an era of disunity called the "Six Dynasties" following immediately the loss of de facto power of the Han Dynasty rulers. In a strict academic sense it refers to the period between the foundation of the state of Wei in 220 and the...
era of Chinese history
History of China
Chinese civilization originated in various regional centers along both the Yellow River and the Yangtze River valleys in the Neolithic era, but the Yellow River is said to be the Cradle of Chinese Civilization. With thousands of years of continuous history, China is one of the world's oldest...
. Despite being a childhood friend of the first emperor of Eastern Wu, Sun Quan
Sun Quan
Sun Quan , son of Sun Jian, formally Emperor Da of Wu, was the founder of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. He ruled from 222 to 229 as King of Wu and from 229 to 252 as Emperor of Wu....
, he was never tasked with important position nor assignment before Lü Meng
Lü Meng
Lü Meng was a military general serving under the warlord Sun Quan during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history. He served as the commanding general in the invasion of Jing Province that led to the death of Guan Yu.-Early life:Lü Meng was born in Fupo, Runan Commandery in 178...
's invasion of southern Jing Province in 219
Lü Meng's invasion of Jing Province
Lü Meng's invasion of Jing Province was a battle fought between the warlords Sun Quan and Liu Bei in 219 during the prelude to the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. Sun Quan's forces, led by Lü Meng, invaded Liu Bei's territory of Jing Province , which was defended by Guan Yu, and succeeded...
, wherein he assisted in capturing the enemy commander Guan Yu
Guan Yu
Guan Yu was a general serving under the warlord Liu Bei during the late Eastern Han Dynasty of China. He played a significant role in the civil war that led to the collapse of the Han Dynasty and the establishment of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period, of which Liu Bei was the...
. Following the Battle of Xiaoting
Battle of Xiaoting
The Battle of Xiaoting, also known as the Battle of Yiling and the Battle of Yiling and Xiaoting, was fought between the states of Eastern Wu and Shu Han in 222 during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history...
, the Cao Wei
Cao Wei
Cao Wei was one of the states that competed for control of China during the Three Kingdoms period. With the capital at Luoyang, the state was established by Cao Pi in 220, based upon the foundations that his father Cao Cao laid...
state launched a three-pronged strike on Eastern Wu's northwestern, middle, and eastern borders. Zhu was sent to the northwestern border, where he defended the city of Jiangling with only 5,000 troops against an enemy force about ten times greater. He rose to fame and became feared throughout Cao Wei. He then participated in a serious of military operations against Cao Wei, during which he successfully defeated several enemy units, but the overall objectives had never been met. Before his death, Zhu was granted authority to oversee matters within the army.
Early life
Originally from Guzhang (故鄣), Danyang (present-dau Anji CountyAnji County
Anji County is a county in the prefecture-level city of Huzhou in Zhejiang, People's Republic of China, with a population of 450,000. Anji county is well known for its bamboo, containing as it does 60,000 hectares of bamboo groves. It has been designated a pilot county for ecological...
, Huzhou
Huzhou
Huzhou is a prefecture-level city in northern Zhejiang province of Eastern China. Lying south of the Lake Tai, it borders Jiaxing to the east, Hangzhou to the south, and the provinces of Anhui and Jiangsu to the west and north respectively.-Administration:...
), Shi Ran was a nephew of Sun Ce
Sun Ce
Sun Ce was a military general and warlord during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history. He was the oldest of the children of Sun Jian who was killed during the Battle of Xiangyang when Sun Ce was only 16. Sun Ce then broke away from his father's overlord, Yuan Shu, and headed to...
's veteran general, Zhu Zhi
Zhu Zhi
Zhu Zhi , style name Junli , was a military general of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history. He was from present-day Anji County, Zhejiang....
, who had a liking to the 13-year-old Shi Ran and asked Sun to grant him permission to adopt the child. Since Zhu had contributed considerably to Sun's pacification of Jiangdong and had not bore a son, Sun specifically ordered the Governor of Danyang to bring presents to the family of Shi for the ceremony and celebration. Thus, Shi Ran became an adopted son of Zhu Zhi and had his last name changed into Zhu. In addition, he studied together with Sun Ce's younger brother, Sun Quan
Sun Quan
Sun Quan , son of Sun Jian, formally Emperor Da of Wu, was the founder of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. He ruled from 222 to 229 as King of Wu and from 229 to 252 as Emperor of Wu....
as a young boy, and the two became very intimate. Because of this, after Sun Ce died and was succeeded by Sun Quan, Zhu Ran was made a Prefect of Yuyao (余姚) at the mere age of 19. Zhu was later appointed as chief of Shanyin (山陰), acting on authority of a captain, to oversee five local counties around the area. Pleased with his abilities, Sun further promoted him to be the Administrator of Linchuan (臨川), and gave him command over 2,000 soldiers.
Capture of Guan Yu
During his tenure as an administrator, he had the merit of subjugating the ShanyueShanyue
Shanyue was a tribe that was resided in the Yue area of ancient China during Han Dynasty. Since the Southern part of China was not yet controlled by the Han ethnicity , the Shanyue people would performe regular raids against Han citizens to gather living essentials...
ethnic group within his jurisdiction, and was able to do so in less than a month. However, when the hegemonic warlord, Cao Cao
Cao Cao
Cao Cao was a warlord and the penultimate chancellor of the Eastern Han Dynasty who rose to great power during the dynasty's final years. As one of the central figures of the Three Kingdoms period, he laid the foundations for what was to become the state of Cao Wei and was posthumously titled...
led his massive army to invade the Wu area, Zhu stayed in the back just as most other officials at the time did; and was not assigned significant tasks for some time until the Battle of Ruxukou
Battle of Ruxukou
The Battle of Ruxukou, also known as the Battle of Ruxu, was fought between the warlords Sun Quan and Cao Cao in 217 during the prelude to the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. Two years earlier, Sun Quan attempted to take control of Hefei fortress, but failed due to a sudden plague and the...
, where Zhu proved his loyalty in personally going to the frontline to help resist Cao's 400,000 strong army. Although Zhu didn't engage the enemy in this battle, he was promoted by Sun to be a Major General, as a way to reaffirm his trust in Zhu. In 219, Zhu Ran participated in Lü Meng
Lü Meng
Lü Meng was a military general serving under the warlord Sun Quan during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history. He served as the commanding general in the invasion of Jing Province that led to the death of Guan Yu.-Early life:Lü Meng was born in Fupo, Runan Commandery in 178...
's Jing Province campaign
Lü Meng's invasion of Jing Province
Lü Meng's invasion of Jing Province was a battle fought between the warlords Sun Quan and Liu Bei in 219 during the prelude to the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. Sun Quan's forces, led by Lü Meng, invaded Liu Bei's territory of Jing Province , which was defended by Guan Yu, and succeeded...
as Lu's aide. When the enemy commander, Guan Yu
Guan Yu
Guan Yu was a general serving under the warlord Liu Bei during the late Eastern Han Dynasty of China. He played a significant role in the civil war that led to the collapse of the Han Dynasty and the establishment of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period, of which Liu Bei was the...
, was abandoned by his troops and trapped in Maicheng, Zhu was ordered by Lu to lay the first line of blockades to Guan's escape. However, for reason unknown, Zhu let Guan slip by, and Pan Zhang
Pan Zhang
Pan Zhang was a military general of Eastern Wu during the late Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history. Although an active general with high rank, he was known to desire wealth and treasure, and to dress himself in a gaudy fashion...
, who was responsible for the second layer, succeeded in capturing Guan Yu alive. Regardless, Sun credited both Pan and Zhu for Guan's capture. When Lü Meng laid on his death bed shortly after the Jing Province campaign, Sun asked his input on who could succeed him as the new commander for the army, wherein Lü highly praised the abilities of Zhu Ran and recommended the latter be the replacement. Heeding Lü's dying words, Sun gave the staff of authority to Zhu, and tasked him with the defense of Jiangling, capital city of Nan Commendary and a vital strategic stronghold on the front-line.
Two years later, the emperor of Shu Han, Liu Bei
Liu Bei
Liu Bei , also known as Liu Xuande, was a warlord, military general and later the founding emperor of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history...
, led a grand force of more than 100,000 troops to invade Wu, and Zhu led his 5,000 troops to join the Wu commander, Lu Xun
Lu Xun (Three Kingdoms)
Lu Xun was a military general and politician of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history. He is best known for defeating Liu Bei's forces at the Battle of Xiaoting in 222.-Early life:...
, for the tactical defense of Xiaoting. When the next summer came, Zhu led a separate force against Shu. After breaking Liu Bei's vanguard, Zhu Ran's forces took up a position at the rear of Shu army, blocking their escape as they attempted to flee from a fire attack executed by Lu Xun. Together, Lu Xun and Zhu Ran chased the Shu emperor into the deep hills, pushing him back to Baidecheng, where he would admit defeat and die shortly afterwards.
Defense of Jiangling
Throughout the whole course of the Wu-Shu conflict, the Wei military had assembled troops but never mobilized. However, immediately following the success of Lu Xun's battles against Shu, the Wei Emperor, Cao PiCao Pi
Cao Pi , formally known as Emperor Wen of Wei, was the first emperor of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. Born in Qiao County, Pei Commandery , he was the second son of the late Han Dynasty warlord Cao Cao.Cao Pi, like his father, was a poet...
suddenly launched a three-pronged campaign against Wu. Even though Cao Pi's plan was detected by Lu Xun, who ordered Xu Sheng
Xu Sheng
Xu Sheng , style name Wenxiang , was a military general of Eastern Wu during the late Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history. He fought in at least 5 wars for the southern regime during his lifetime...
to perform a double-back to return to Jianye and informed Sun to prepare for war, the Wu forces still faced a dire situation. Their troops were stretched thinly across at least four fronts; on the western front facing Baidecheng, where Liu Bei's declaration of war was still in effect; the Nan Commandery, which was pressed by the Wei generals Zhang He
Zhang He
Zhang He was a military general serving under the warlord Cao Cao during the late Han Dynasty era of Chinese history. He continued serving the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period until his death....
, Xu Huang
Xu Huang
Xu Huang was a military general serving under the warlord Cao Cao during the late Han Dynasty era of Chinese history. He served the state of Cao Wei, founded by Cao Cao's successor Cao Pi, during the Three Kingdoms period...
, Cao Zheng, and Xiahou Shang
Xiahou Shang
Xiahou Shang was a military general of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. He was a distant nephew of Xiahou Yuan and father of Xiahou Xuan and Lady Xiahou Hui.-Biography:...
; at Ruxukou, where Wei Grand General Cao Ren
Cao Ren
Cao Ren was a military general serving under the warlord Cao Cao during the late Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history. He played a significant part in assisting Cao Cao in the civil wars leading to the end of the Han Dynasty...
was leading his team to land on the Middle Island; and at the eastern battlefield on the Yangtze River, Dongkou, where Zhang Liao
Zhang Liao
Zhang Liao was a military general serving under the warlord Cao Cao during the late Han Dynasty and early Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history. He participated in many campaigns, including those against Yuan Shao's clan and the Wuhuan tribes...
and Cao Xiu
Cao Xiu
Cao Xiu was a military general serving under the warlord Cao Cao during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history. He served the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period. A distant nephew of Cao Cao, Cao Xiu was given special attention by the former, who once asserted him befitting...
defeated Lü Fan
Lü Fan
Lü Fan , style name Ziheng , was an official of the state of Eastern Wu during the late Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history.-Biography:...
's navy. At the time, there was an extreme shortage of military personnel. Furthermore, an outbreak of disease greatly reduced the morale and number of soldiers in Zhu Ran's army, leaving him with a mere 5,000 men, who were intimidated by the news that the Wu reinforcements led by Sun Sheng were eliminated by Zhang He. At Jiangling, Xiahou Shang built wooden bridges for the soldiers to cross the shallow waters and attack the castle. With each passing day, the number of Wei troops besieging the castle increased by the thousands. Not knowing how and where the Wei forces were crossing the shallows of the river, the Wu reinforcements under Pan Zhang and Zhuge Jin
Zhuge Jin
Zhuge Jin , style name Ziyu , was a military general and politician of Eastern Wu during the late Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history.-Early life:...
had no effective way to lift the siege. Surrounded in his castle, Zhu was heavily outnumbered by Cao Zheng, who encircled the fortress with several layers and deployed a variety of siege weapons. Yet Zhu showed no signs of fear, and encouraged his comrades and subordinates to counter the enemy. When Cao relaxed his guard, Zhu's forces were able to destroy two of the Wei encampments. Six months had passed, but the Wei army still continued the siege, and Cao Pi had arrived at Wan city to bolster their morale. One of Zhu's officers, seeing that the Wei troops were numerous and that the food supply within Jiangling castle was running out, planned to defect to Wei. He secretly contacted the Wei troops outside of the castle walls and promised to open the gate to permit their forces entry. When the betrayer was about to open the castle gate, he was noticed by Zhu and executed. At the time, Pan Zhang had gone upstream and collected one million bundles of reeds. He fitted these to rafts and set them on fire, sending them downstream so that they would burn the wooden bridges being used by Wei. Knowing what Pan had done, the Wei forces returned north before the retreat route could be destroyed. Because of his extraordinary performance in this battle, Zhu Ran's name became known throughout the Kingdom of Wei as a powerful enemy general.
Late life
In 241 he led an assault on FanchengFancheng
Fancheng District is a district of Xiangfan, Hubei, China.-History:Fancheng was an ancient Chinese city in Hubei, situated on the northern side of the Han River, opposite Xiangyang on the southern side of the river...
and surrounded it. However, the army of Wei under the command of Sima Yi
Sima Yi
Sima Yi was a general and politician of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history. He is perhaps best known for defending Wei from Zhuge Liang's Northern Expeditions...
defeated him, and he retreated. In 246 he again invaded Wei and attacked Zhazhong (柤中), and when his escape route was cut off by Li Xing (李興) of Wei, he defeated Li Xing's forces and withdrew.
In 245, Lu Xun died and Zhu Ran was given command over the armies of Wu by Sun Quan. He died four years later in 249, and received the third largest funeral after Lu Meng and Ling Tong
Ling Tong
Ling Tong was a military general of the state of Eastern Wu during the late Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history. He started his service to the Sun family since his childhood, and throughout his entire life, he had been contributing to the foundation and solidification of Eastern Wu...
. At his funeral service, Sun Quan is said to have wept greatly for him. His son, Zhu Ji, succeeded him and continued to serve Eastern Wu.
Tomb of Zhu Ran
In June 1984, during the construction of a factory, Zhu Ran's burial site was discovered in Ma'anshanMa'anshan
Ma'anshan , also written as Maanshan, is a prefecture-level city in the east of Anhui province in Eastern China. An industrial city stretching across the Yangtze River, Ma'anshan borders Hefei to the west, Wuhu to the southwest, and Nanjing to the east...
, Anhui
Anhui
Anhui is a province in the People's Republic of China. Located in eastern China across the basins of the Yangtze River and the Huai River, it borders Jiangsu to the east, Zhejiang to the southeast, Jiangxi to the south, Hubei to the southwest, Henan to the northwest, and Shandong for a tiny...
. Many historically important decorative items of clothing were discovered within. The road on which the site was discovered was renamed to "Zhuran Road" in his honour.
In fiction
In Luo GuanzhongLuo Guanzhong
Luo Ben , better known by his style name Luo Guanzhong , was a Chinese writer of the early Ming Dynasty period of Chinese history. He was also known as Huhai Sanren...
's historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms
Romance of the Three Kingdoms
Romance of the Three Kingdoms, written by Luo Guanzhong in the 14th century, is a Chinese historical novel based on the events in the turbulent years near the end of the Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history, starting in 169 and ending with the reunification of the land in...
, Zhu Ran was killed by Zhao Yun
Zhao Yun
Zhao Yun was a military general who lived during the late Han Dynasty and early Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history. For most of his career, Zhao served the warlord Liu Bei, playing a part in the establishment of state of Shu Han...
while pursuing Liu Bei's defeated force in Battle of Xiaoting
Battle of Xiaoting
The Battle of Xiaoting, also known as the Battle of Yiling and the Battle of Yiling and Xiaoting, was fought between the states of Eastern Wu and Shu Han in 222 during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history...
in 222.
Modern references
In Koei's Dynasty WarriorsDynasty Warriors
is a series of tactical action video games created by Omega Force and Koei. The award-winning series is a spin-off of Koei's turn-based strategy Romance of the Three Kingdoms series, based loosely around the Chinese classical novel of the same name. The first game titled Dynasty Warriors,...
video game series, he is instrumental in the fire attack on Liu Bei's army in the Battle of Yiling
Battle of Xiaoting
The Battle of Xiaoting, also known as the Battle of Yiling and the Battle of Yiling and Xiaoting, was fought between the states of Eastern Wu and Shu Han in 222 during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history...
, which is the turning point of the battle, causing Liu Bei to lose most of his army and morale and being forced to retreat.