Zemplín
Encyclopedia
Zemplén is the name of a historic administrative county (comitatus
) of the Kingdom of Hungary
. Its territory is presently situated in eastern Slovakia
under the name of Zemplín
. Most of the county's territory is today in Slovakia except the southern portions of the county, that are in Hungary, in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County
.
Zemplén county shared borders with Poland
(during some periods the Austrian
crownland Galicia
) and the Hungarian counties Sáros
(Šariš), Abaúj-Torna
(Abov-Turňa), Borsod
, Szabolcs
and Ung (Uh). It was situated in the easternmost strip of what is now Slovakia (except for the region between Vihorlatské vrchy and the Latorica river), plus a strip along the Bodrog
and Tisza
rivers in present-day Hungary. The rivers Laborec and Bodrog
flowed through the county. Its area was 6,269 km² around 1910.
, in the 13th century also Sárospatak
(in Slovak
: Potok, hence the alternative name of the county comitatus de Potok). Since the Late Middle Ages
the capital was the town of Zemplén, and since 1748 was Sátoraljaújhely
(Slovak: Nové Mesto pod Šiatrom).
. In the aftermath of World War I, the northern part of Zemplén county became part of newly formed Czechoslovakia
, as recognized by the concerned states in the 1920 Treaty of Trianon
. The southern half (including the bigger part of the divided Sátoraljaújhely
) stayed in Hungary
as the county Zemplén. Following the provisions of the controversial First Vienna Award
, an additional part came under Hungarian control in November 1938. The Trianon borders were restored after World War II.
Religions (1910 census):
The towns of Sátoraljaújhely
, Sárospatak
, Tokaj
and Szerencs
are presently in Hungary
.
Comitatus (Kingdom of Hungary)
A county is the name of a type of administrative units in the Kingdom of Hungary and in Hungary from the 10th century until the present day....
) of the Kingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary comprised present-day Hungary, Slovakia and Croatia , Transylvania , Carpatho Ruthenia , Vojvodina , Burgenland , and other smaller territories surrounding present-day Hungary's borders...
. Its territory is presently situated in eastern Slovakia
Slovakia
The Slovak Republic is a landlocked state in Central Europe. It has a population of over five million and an area of about . Slovakia is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south...
under the name of Zemplín
Zemplín (region)
Zemplín is the name of an informal region located presently in eastern Slovakia. It includes Slovak part of the former Zemplén county, often including the Slovak part of the Ung county .-Geography:...
. Most of the county's territory is today in Slovakia except the southern portions of the county, that are in Hungary, in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County
Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County
Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén is the name of an administrative county in north-eastern Hungary , on the border with Slovakia. It shares borders with the Hungarian counties Nógrád, Heves, Hajdú-Bihar and Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg. The capital of Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county is Miskolc...
.
Geography
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
(during some periods the Austrian
Austrian Empire
The Austrian Empire was a modern era successor empire, which was centered on what is today's Austria and which officially lasted from 1804 to 1867. It was followed by the Empire of Austria-Hungary, whose proclamation was a diplomatic move that elevated Hungary's status within the Austrian Empire...
crownland Galicia
Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
The Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria was a crownland of the Habsburg Monarchy, the Austrian Empire, and Austria–Hungary from 1772 to 1918 .This historical region in eastern Central Europe is currently divided between Poland and Ukraine...
) and the Hungarian counties Sáros
Sáros county
Sáros was a historic administrative county of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is presently in northeastern Slovakia...
(Šariš), Abaúj-Torna
Abaúj-Torna
Abaúj-Torna is the name of a historic administrative county of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its capital was Košice...
(Abov-Turňa), Borsod
Borsod
Borsod was the name of a historic administrative county of the Kingdom of Hungary in present-day northeastern Hungary. The capital of the county was Miskolc...
, Szabolcs
Szabolcs (county)
Szabolcs is the name of a historic administrative county of the Kingdom of Hungary in present-day northeastern Hungary. The capital of the county was Nyíregyháza.-Geography:...
and Ung (Uh). It was situated in the easternmost strip of what is now Slovakia (except for the region between Vihorlatské vrchy and the Latorica river), plus a strip along the Bodrog
Bodrog
The Bodrog is a river in eastern Slovakia and north-eastern Hungary. It is a tributary to the river Tisza. The Bodrog is formed by the confluence of the rivers Ondava and Latorica near Zemplin in eastern Slovakia...
and Tisza
Tisza
The Tisza or Tisa is one of the main rivers of Central Europe. It rises in Ukraine, and is formed near Rakhiv by the junction of headwaters White Tisa, whose source is in the Chornohora mountains and Black Tisa, which springs in the Gorgany range...
rivers in present-day Hungary. The rivers Laborec and Bodrog
Bodrog
The Bodrog is a river in eastern Slovakia and north-eastern Hungary. It is a tributary to the river Tisza. The Bodrog is formed by the confluence of the rivers Ondava and Latorica near Zemplin in eastern Slovakia...
flowed through the county. Its area was 6,269 km² around 1910.
Capitals
Initially, the capital of the county was the Zemplín CastleZemplín Castle
Zemplín Castle was a former stronghold, administrative center and later private residence located near the River Bodrog in the village of Zemplín, Trebišov District, Košice Region in Eastern Slovakia.-History:...
, in the 13th century also Sárospatak
Sárospatak
----Sárospatak is a town in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county, northern Hungary. It lies northeast from Miskolc, in the Bodrog river valley. The town, often called simply Patak, is an important cultural centre.- History :The area has been inhabited since ancient times...
(in Slovak
Slovak language
Slovak , is an Indo-European language that belongs to the West Slavic languages .Slovak is the official language of Slovakia, where it is spoken by 5 million people...
: Potok, hence the alternative name of the county comitatus de Potok). Since the Late Middle Ages
Late Middle Ages
The Late Middle Ages was the period of European history generally comprising the 14th to the 16th century . The Late Middle Ages followed the High Middle Ages and preceded the onset of the early modern era ....
the capital was the town of Zemplén, and since 1748 was Sátoraljaújhely
Sátoraljaújhely
Sátoraljaújhely or אוהעלי ) is a town located in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county in northern Hungary near the Slovak border. It is east from the county capital Miskolc.- History :...
(Slovak: Nové Mesto pod Šiatrom).
History
Zemplén was one of the oldest counties of the Kingdom of HungaryKingdom of Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary comprised present-day Hungary, Slovakia and Croatia , Transylvania , Carpatho Ruthenia , Vojvodina , Burgenland , and other smaller territories surrounding present-day Hungary's borders...
. In the aftermath of World War I, the northern part of Zemplén county became part of newly formed Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia or Czecho-Slovakia was a sovereign state in Central Europe which existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until 1992...
, as recognized by the concerned states in the 1920 Treaty of Trianon
Treaty of Trianon
The Treaty of Trianon was the peace agreement signed in 1920, at the end of World War I, between the Allies of World War I and Hungary . The treaty greatly redefined and reduced Hungary's borders. From its borders before World War I, it lost 72% of its territory, which was reduced from to...
. The southern half (including the bigger part of the divided Sátoraljaújhely
Sátoraljaújhely
Sátoraljaújhely or אוהעלי ) is a town located in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county in northern Hungary near the Slovak border. It is east from the county capital Miskolc.- History :...
) stayed in Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
as the county Zemplén. Following the provisions of the controversial First Vienna Award
First Vienna Award
The First Vienna Award was the result of the First Vienna Arbitration, which took place at Vienna's Belvedere Palace on November 2, 1938. The Arbitration and Award were direct consequences of the Munich Agreement...
, an additional part came under Hungarian control in November 1938. The Trianon borders were restored after World War II.
Religions (1910 census):
- Roman Catholic 38.6%
- Greek Catholic 30.0%
- Calvinist 19.7%
- Jewish 9.6%
- Lutheran 2.0%
- Greek Orthodox 0.1%
Subdivisions
In the early 20th century, the subdivisions of Zemplén/Zemplín county were:| Districts (járás) | |
|---|---|
| District | Capital |
| Bodrogköz, SK Slovak language Slovak , is an Indo-European language that belongs to the West Slavic languages .Slovak is the official language of Slovakia, where it is spoken by 5 million people... Medzibodrožie |
Királyhelmec, SK Královský Chlmec Královský Chlmec Kráľovský Chlmec is a town in the Trebišov District in the Košice Region of south-eastern Slovakia. As of 2005, it had a population of 7,938.-History:... |
| Gálszécs | Gálszécs, SK Sečovce Secovce Sečovce is a town in the Trebišov District in the Košice Region of south-eastern Slovakia.-History:The town was first mentioned in year 1255 in the list of king Béla IV of Hungary. In 1494 was built Roman Catholic church in Gothic architecture style. Since 15th century started gradual development... |
| Homonna | Homonna, SK Humenné Humenné Humenné is a town in the Prešov Region in eastern Slovakia and the second largest town of the historic Zemplín region. It lies at the volcanic Vihorlat mountains and at the confluence of the Laborec and Cirocha Rivers.-Characteristics:... |
| Mezőlaborc | Mezőlaborc, SK Medzilaborce Medzilaborce Medzilaborce is a town in northeastern Slovakia close to the border with Poland, located near the towns of Sanok and Bukowsko . Its population is approximately 6,600.-Characteristics:... |
| Nagymihály | Nagymihály, SK Michalovce Michalovce Michalovce is a town on the Laborec river in eastern Slovakia, with a population around 40,000. It is the biggest town of the Michalovce District in the Košice Region.-Geography:... |
| Sárospatak | Sárospatak Sárospatak ----Sárospatak is a town in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county, northern Hungary. It lies northeast from Miskolc, in the Bodrog river valley. The town, often called simply Patak, is an important cultural centre.- History :The area has been inhabited since ancient times... |
| Sátoraljaújhely | Sátoraljaújhely Sátoraljaújhely Sátoraljaújhely or אוהעלי ) is a town located in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county in northern Hungary near the Slovak border. It is east from the county capital Miskolc.- History :... |
| Szerencs | Szerencs Szerencs Szerencs is a town in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county, Northern Hungary. It lies away from Miskolc.-History:Szerencs was first mentioned in the Middle Ages. In the 15th century it was already a town, its owners were the Rákóczi family... |
| Szinna | Szinna, SK Snina Snina Snina is a town in Slovakia located at the confluence of the Cirocha river and the small river Pčolinka in the valley between the Beskydy foothills and the mountain of Vihorlat. It is the closest town with rail and bus connections to the Poloniny National Park.-History:The oldest written records... |
| Sztropkó | Sztropkó, SK Stropkov Stropkov Stropkov is a town in Stropkov District, Prešov Region, Slovakia.-History:Stropkov is an economical, social and cultural centre of north Zemplín... |
| Tokaj | Tokaj Tokaj Tokaj , is a historical town in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county, Northern Hungary, 54 kilometers from county capital Miskolc. It is the centre of the famous Tokaj-Hegyalja wine district where the world famous Tokaji wine is produced.- History :... |
| Varannó | Varannó, SK Vranov nad Topľou Vranov nad Toplou Vranov nad Topľou is a city of approximately 23,000 inhabitants in eastern Slovakia, situated near Košice and Prešov, and between the Topľa River and the Ondava River.... |
| Urban districts (rendezett tanácsú város) | |
| Sátoraljaújhely Sátoraljaújhely Sátoraljaújhely or אוהעלי ) is a town located in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county in northern Hungary near the Slovak border. It is east from the county capital Miskolc.- History :... |
|
The towns of Sátoraljaújhely
Sátoraljaújhely
Sátoraljaújhely or אוהעלי ) is a town located in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county in northern Hungary near the Slovak border. It is east from the county capital Miskolc.- History :...
, Sárospatak
Sárospatak
----Sárospatak is a town in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county, northern Hungary. It lies northeast from Miskolc, in the Bodrog river valley. The town, often called simply Patak, is an important cultural centre.- History :The area has been inhabited since ancient times...
, Tokaj
Tokaj
Tokaj , is a historical town in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county, Northern Hungary, 54 kilometers from county capital Miskolc. It is the centre of the famous Tokaj-Hegyalja wine district where the world famous Tokaji wine is produced.- History :...
and Szerencs
Szerencs
Szerencs is a town in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county, Northern Hungary. It lies away from Miskolc.-History:Szerencs was first mentioned in the Middle Ages. In the 15th century it was already a town, its owners were the Rákóczi family...
are presently in Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
.