Yttrium(III) oxide
Encyclopedia
Yttrium oxide is Y
2O
3. It is an air-stable, white solid substance. Yttrium
oxide is used as a common starting material for both materials science
as well as inorganic compound
s.
and Y2O3 europium phosphors that give the red color in color TV picture tubes. Yttrium oxide is also used to make yttrium iron garnet
s, which are very effective microwave
filters.
Y2O3 is used to make the high temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O7, known as "1-2-3" to indicate the ratio of the metal constituents:
This synthesis is typically conducted at 800 °C.
The thermal conductivity
of yttrium oxide is 27 W/(m·K).
in a reaction with concentrated hydrochloric acid
and ammonium chloride
.
s is a prospective solid-state laser
material. In particular, lasers with ytterbium
as dopant
allow the efficient operation both in cw
operation
and in pulsed regimes.
At high concentration of excitations (of order of 1%) and poor cooling, the quenching of emission at laser frequency and avalanche broadband emission takes place.
Yttrium
Yttrium is a chemical element with symbol Y and atomic number 39. It is a silvery-metallic transition metal chemically similar to the lanthanides and it has often been classified as a "rare earth element". Yttrium is almost always found combined with the lanthanides in rare earth minerals and is...
2O
Oxide
An oxide is a chemical compound that contains at least one oxygen atom in its chemical formula. Metal oxides typically contain an anion of oxygen in the oxidation state of −2....
3. It is an air-stable, white solid substance. Yttrium
Yttrium
Yttrium is a chemical element with symbol Y and atomic number 39. It is a silvery-metallic transition metal chemically similar to the lanthanides and it has often been classified as a "rare earth element". Yttrium is almost always found combined with the lanthanides in rare earth minerals and is...
oxide is used as a common starting material for both materials science
Materials science
Materials science is an interdisciplinary field applying the properties of matter to various areas of science and engineering. This scientific field investigates the relationship between the structure of materials at atomic or molecular scales and their macroscopic properties. It incorporates...
as well as inorganic compound
Inorganic compound
Inorganic compounds have traditionally been considered to be of inanimate, non-biological origin. In contrast, organic compounds have an explicit biological origin. However, over the past century, the classification of inorganic vs organic compounds has become less important to scientists,...
s.
Materials science
It is the most important yttrium compound and is widely used to make YVO4 europiumEuropium
Europium is a chemical element with the symbol Eu and atomic number 63. It is named after the continent of Europe. It is a moderately hard silvery metal which readily oxidizes in air and water...
and Y2O3 europium phosphors that give the red color in color TV picture tubes. Yttrium oxide is also used to make yttrium iron garnet
Yttrium iron garnet
Yttrium iron garnet is a kind of synthetic garnet, with chemical composition 323, or Y3Fe5O12. It is a ferrimagnetic material with a Curie temperature of 550 K....
s, which are very effective microwave
Microwave
Microwaves, a subset of radio waves, have wavelengths ranging from as long as one meter to as short as one millimeter, or equivalently, with frequencies between 300 MHz and 300 GHz. This broad definition includes both UHF and EHF , and various sources use different boundaries...
filters.
Y2O3 is used to make the high temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O7, known as "1-2-3" to indicate the ratio of the metal constituents:
- 2 Y2O3 + 8 BaO + 12 CuO + O2 → 4 YBa2Cu3O7
This synthesis is typically conducted at 800 °C.
The thermal conductivity
Thermal conductivity
In physics, thermal conductivity, k, is the property of a material's ability to conduct heat. It appears primarily in Fourier's Law for heat conduction....
of yttrium oxide is 27 W/(m·K).
Inorganic synthesis
Yttrium oxide is an important starting point for inorganic compounds. For organometallic chemistry it is converted to YCl3Yttrium(III) chloride
Yttrium chloride is an ionic compound of yttrium and chlorine. It is a salt that is solid at room temperature, highly soluble in water, and deliquescent...
in a reaction with concentrated hydrochloric acid
Hydrochloric acid
Hydrochloric acid is a solution of hydrogen chloride in water, that is a highly corrosive, strong mineral acid with many industrial uses. It is found naturally in gastric acid....
and ammonium chloride
Ammonium chloride
Ammonium chloride NH4Cl is an inorganic compound with the formula NH4Cl. It is a white crystalline salt that is highly soluble in water. Solutions of ammonium chloride are mildly acidic. Sal ammoniac is a name of natural, mineralogical form of ammonium chloride...
.
Lasers
Y2O3 ceramicCeramic
A ceramic is an inorganic, nonmetallic solid prepared by the action of heat and subsequent cooling. Ceramic materials may have a crystalline or partly crystalline structure, or may be amorphous...
s is a prospective solid-state laser
Solid-state laser
A solid-state laser is a laser that uses a gain medium that is a solid, rather than a liquid such as in dye lasers or a gas as in gas lasers. Semiconductor-based lasers are also in the solid state, but are generally considered as a separate class from solid-state lasers .-Solid-state...
material. In particular, lasers with ytterbium
Ytterbium
Ytterbium is a chemical element with the symbol Yb and atomic number 70. A soft silvery metallic element, ytterbium is a rare earth element of the lanthanide series and is found in the minerals gadolinite, monazite, and xenotime. The element is sometimes associated with yttrium or other related...
as dopant
Dopant
A dopant, also called a doping agent, is a trace impurity element that is inserted into a substance in order to alter the electrical properties or the optical properties of the substance. In the case of crystalline substances, the atoms of the dopant very commonly take the place of elements that...
allow the efficient operation both in cw
Continuous wave
A continuous wave or continuous waveform is an electromagnetic wave of constant amplitude and frequency; and in mathematical analysis, of infinite duration. Continuous wave is also the name given to an early method of radio transmission, in which a carrier wave is switched on and off...
operation
and in pulsed regimes.
At high concentration of excitations (of order of 1%) and poor cooling, the quenching of emission at laser frequency and avalanche broadband emission takes place.