Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
Encyclopedia
Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug , is a federal subject
of Russia
(an autonomous okrug
of Tyumen Oblast
). Its administrative center is the town of Salekhard
. Population:
people are an indigenous tribe that have long survived in this region. Their prehistoric life involved subsistence hunting and gathering
, including the taking of polar bear
s; the practice of hunting polar bears (Ursus maritimus) continues up to the present time.
Yamalo-Nenetsky Avtonomny Okrug is traversed by the northeasterly line of equal latitude and longitude.
As oil workers from across Russia far outnumber indigenous people in the region it should come as no surprise that the Nenets
only make up 5.2% of the population, preceded by ethnic Russians
(58.8%), Ukrainians
(13%), and Tatars
(5.4%). Other prominent ethnic groups include Belarusians
(1.8%), Khants (1.7%), Azerbaijanis (1.65%), Bashkirs
(1.56%), Komi
(1.22%), and Moldova
ns (1.06%). (All figures are from the 2002 census)
Vital statistics
For the Okrug. http://www.oblstat.tmn.ru/statinfo\act\dwiz.htm
, with more than 90% of Russia's natural gas being produced there. The region also accounts for 12% of Russia's oil production. The region is of utmost importance to Russia's largest company Gazprom
, whose main production fields are located there. Novatek
– the country's second largest gas producer – is also active in the region, with its headquarteres located in Tarko-Sale
.
was formed based on Ural Oblast
.
Federal subjects of Russia
Russia is a federation which, since March 1, 2008, consists of 83 federal subjects . In 1993, when the Constitution was adopted, there were 89 federal subjects listed...
of Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
(an autonomous okrug
Autonomous okrugs of Russia
Autonomous okrug is a type of federal subject of Russia and simultaneously a type of administrative division of some federal subjects. As of 2008, the Russian Federation is divided into 83 federal subjects, of which four are avtonomnyye okruga Autonomous okrug (district, area, region) is a...
of Tyumen Oblast
Tyumen Oblast
Tyumen Oblast is a federal subject of Russia . Its administrative center is the city of Tyumen. The oblast has administrative jurisdiction over two autonomous okrugs—Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Tyumen is the largest city, with over half a million inhabitants...
). Its administrative center is the town of Salekhard
Salekhard
-International relations:-Twin towns/sister cities:Salekhard is twinned with:*Azov, Rostov Oblast, Russia-External links:*...
. Population:
Geography and natural history
The NenetsNenets people
The Nenets are an indigenous people in Russia. According to the latest census in 2002, there are 41,302 Nenets in the Russian Federation, most of them living in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and Nenets Autonomous Okrug...
people are an indigenous tribe that have long survived in this region. Their prehistoric life involved subsistence hunting and gathering
Hunter-gatherer
A hunter-gatherer or forage society is one in which most or all food is obtained from wild plants and animals, in contrast to agricultural societies which rely mainly on domesticated species. Hunting and gathering was the ancestral subsistence mode of Homo, and all modern humans were...
, including the taking of polar bear
Polar Bear
The polar bear is a bear native largely within the Arctic Circle encompassing the Arctic Ocean, its surrounding seas and surrounding land masses. It is the world's largest land carnivore and also the largest bear, together with the omnivorous Kodiak Bear, which is approximately the same size...
s; the practice of hunting polar bears (Ursus maritimus) continues up to the present time.
Yamalo-Nenetsky Avtonomny Okrug is traversed by the northeasterly line of equal latitude and longitude.
Demographics
- Population (2010): 522,798.
- Population (2002): 507,006.
- Ethnic groups:
As oil workers from across Russia far outnumber indigenous people in the region it should come as no surprise that the Nenets
Nenets people
The Nenets are an indigenous people in Russia. According to the latest census in 2002, there are 41,302 Nenets in the Russian Federation, most of them living in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and Nenets Autonomous Okrug...
only make up 5.2% of the population, preceded by ethnic Russians
Russians
The Russian people are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Russia, speaking the Russian language and primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries....
(58.8%), Ukrainians
Ukrainians
Ukrainians are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Ukraine, which is the sixth-largest nation in Europe. The Constitution of Ukraine applies the term 'Ukrainians' to all its citizens...
(13%), and Tatars
Tatars
Tatars are a Turkic speaking ethnic group , numbering roughly 7 million.The majority of Tatars live in the Russian Federation, with a population of around 5.5 million, about 2 million of which in the republic of Tatarstan.Significant minority populations are found in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan,...
(5.4%). Other prominent ethnic groups include Belarusians
Belarusians
Belarusians ; are an East Slavic ethnic group who populate the majority of the Republic of Belarus. Introduced to the world as a new state in the early 1990s, the Republic of Belarus brought with it the notion of a re-emerging Belarusian ethnicity, drawn upon the lines of the Old Belarusian...
(1.8%), Khants (1.7%), Azerbaijanis (1.65%), Bashkirs
Bashkirs
The Bashkirs are a Turkic people indigenous to Bashkortostan extending on both parts of the Ural mountains, on the place where Europe meets Asia. Groups of Bashkirs also live in the republic of Tatarstan, Perm Krai, Chelyabinsk, Orenburg, Tyumen, Sverdlovsk, Kurgan, Samara and Saratov Oblasts of...
(1.56%), Komi
Komi peoples
The Komi people is an ethnic group whose homeland is in the north-east of European Russia around the basins of the Vychegda, Pechora and Kama rivers. They mostly live in the Komi Republic, Perm Krai, Murmansk Oblast, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug in the Russian...
(1.22%), and Moldova
Moldova
Moldova , officially the Republic of Moldova is a landlocked state in Eastern Europe, located between Romania to the West and Ukraine to the North, East and South. It declared itself an independent state with the same boundaries as the preceding Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1991, as part...
ns (1.06%). (All figures are from the 2002 census)
| 1939 census | 1959 census | 1970 census | 1979 census | 1989 census | 2002 census | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nenets Nenets people The Nenets are an indigenous people in Russia. According to the latest census in 2002, there are 41,302 Nenets in the Russian Federation, most of them living in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and Nenets Autonomous Okrug... |
13,454 (29.3%) | 13,977 (22.4%) | 17,538 (21.9%) | 17,404 (11.0%) | 20,917 (4.2%) | 26,435 (5.2%) |
| Khants | 5,367 (11.7%) | 5,519 (8.9%) | 6,513 (8.1%) | 6,466 (4.1%) | 7,247 (1.5%) | 8,760 (1.7%) |
| Komi Komi peoples The Komi people is an ethnic group whose homeland is in the north-east of European Russia around the basins of the Vychegda, Pechora and Kama rivers. They mostly live in the Komi Republic, Perm Krai, Murmansk Oblast, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug in the Russian... |
4,722 (10.3%) | 4,866 (7.8%) | 5,445 (6.8%) | 5,642 (3.6%) | 6,000 (1.2%) | 6,177 (1.2%) |
| Selkups | 87 (0.2%) | 1,245 (2.0%) | 1,710 (2.1%) | 1,611 (1.0%) | 1,530 (0.3%) | 1,797 (0.4%) |
| Russians Russians The Russian people are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Russia, speaking the Russian language and primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries.... |
19,308 (42.1%) | 27,789 (44.6%) | 37,518 (46.9%) | 93,750 (59.0%) | 292,808 (59.2%) | 298,359 (58.8%) |
| Ukrainians Ukrainians Ukrainians are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Ukraine, which is the sixth-largest nation in Europe. The Constitution of Ukraine applies the term 'Ukrainians' to all its citizens... |
395 (0.9%) | 1,921 (3.1%) | 3,026 (3.8%) | 15,721 (9.9%) | 85,022 (17.2%) | 66,080 (13.0%) |
| Tatars Tatars Tatars are a Turkic speaking ethnic group , numbering roughly 7 million.The majority of Tatars live in the Russian Federation, with a population of around 5.5 million, about 2 million of which in the republic of Tatarstan.Significant minority populations are found in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan,... |
1,636 (3.6%) | 3,952 (6.3%) | 4,653 (5.8%) | 8,556 (5.4%) | 26,431 (5.3%) | 27,734 (5.5%) |
| Others | 871 (1.9%) | 3,065 (4.9%) | 3,574 (4.5%) | 9,694 (6.1%) | 54,889 (11.1%) | 71,664 (14.1%) |
Vital statistics
- Source: Russian Federal State Statistics Service
| Births | Deaths | Birth rate | Death rate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 1,683 | 879 | 20.0 | 10.5 |
| 1975 | 2,307 | 819 | 18.2 | 6.4 |
| 1980 | 3,347 | 1,178 | 17.3 | 6.1 |
| 1985 | 7,838 | 1,555 | 21.0 | 4.2 |
| 1990 | 8,032 | 1,631 | 16.4 | 3.3 |
| 1991 | 7,121 | 1,623 | 14.7 | 3.4 |
| 1992 | 6,123 | 2,108 | 13.0 | 4.5 |
| 1993 | 5,697 | 2,764 | 12.2 | 5.9 |
| 1994 | 6,274 | 2,998 | 13.3 | 6.3 |
| 1995 | 6,337 | 3,107 | 13.1 | 6.4 |
| 1996 | 6,241 | 3,004 | 12.8 | 6.1 |
| 1997 | 6,208 | 2,715 | 12.5 | 5.5 |
| 1998 | 6,395 | 2,544 | 12.8 | 5.1 |
| 1999 | 6,071 | 2,608 | 12.2 | 5.2 |
| 2000 | 5,839 | 2,763 | 11.7 | 5.6 |
| 2001 | 6,388 | 3,057 | 12.8 | 6.1 |
| 2002 | 6,635 | 2,934 | 13.1 | 5.8 |
| 2003 | 7,163 | 3,093 | 14.0 | 6.0 |
| 2004 | 7,264 | 2,975 | 14.0 | 5.7 |
| 2005 | 7,148 | 3,099 | 13.6 | 5.9 |
| 2006 | 7,036 | 3,000 | 13.2 | 5.6 |
| 2007 | 7,700 | 2,937 | 14.2 | 5.4 |
| 2008 | 7,892 | 2,959 | 14.5 | 5.4 |
- Demographics for 2008
For the Okrug. http://www.oblstat.tmn.ru/statinfo\act\dwiz.htm
| Raion Raion A raion is a type of administrative unit of several post-Soviet countries. The term, which is from French rayon 'honeycomb, department,' describes both a type of a subnational entity and a division of a city, and is commonly translated in English as "district"... |
Pp (2007) | Births | Deaths | Growth | BR | DR | NGR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug | 538,600 | 5,814 | 2,202 | 3,612 | 14.39 | 5.45 | 0.89% |
| Salekhard | 40,500 | 499 | 256 | 243 | 16.43 | 8.43 | 0.80% |
| Gubkinsky | 22,300 | 263 | 71 | 192 | 15.72 | 4.25 | 1.15% |
| Labytnangi | 27,700 | 333 | 212 | 121 | 16.03 | 10.20 | 0.58% |
| Muravlenko | 37,000 | 361 | 104 | 257 | 13.01 | 3.75 | 0.93% |
| Nadym | 48,500 | 443 | 197 | 246 | 12.18 | 5.42 | 0.68% |
| Novy Urengoy | 117,000 | 1122 | 334 | 788 | 12.79 | 3.81 | 0.90% |
| Noyabrsk | 109,900 | 1029 | 384 | 645 | 12.48 | 4.66 | 0.78% |
| Krasnoselkupsky | 6,200 | 99 | 41 | 58 | 21.29 | 8.82 | 1.25% |
| Nadymsky | 21,300 | 221 | 67 | 154 | 13.83 | 4.19 | 0.96% |
| Priuralsky | 15,300 | 179 | 72 | 107 | 15.60 | 6.27 | 0.93% |
| Purovsky | 49,900 | 548 | 195 | 353 | 14.64 | 5.21 | 0.94% |
| Tazovsky | 17,200 | 268 | 92 | 176 | 20.78 | 7.13 | 1.36% |
| Shuryshkarsky | 9,900 | 144 | 69 | 75 | 19.39 | 9.29 | 1.01% |
| Yamalsky | 15,900 | 305 | 108 | 197 | 25.58 | 9.06 | 1.65% |
Economy
Yamalo-Nenetsky Avtonomny Okrug is Russia's most important source of natural gasNatural gas
Natural gas is a naturally occurring gas mixture consisting primarily of methane, typically with 0–20% higher hydrocarbons . It is found associated with other hydrocarbon fuel, in coal beds, as methane clathrates, and is an important fuel source and a major feedstock for fertilizers.Most natural...
, with more than 90% of Russia's natural gas being produced there. The region also accounts for 12% of Russia's oil production. The region is of utmost importance to Russia's largest company Gazprom
Gazprom
Open Joint Stock Company Gazprom is the largest extractor of natural gas in the world and the largest Russian company. Its headquarters are in Cheryomushki District, South-Western Administrative Okrug, Moscow...
, whose main production fields are located there. Novatek
Novatek
OAO Novatek is the Russia's largest independent natural gas producer, and second-largest in overall production after Gazprom. The company was originally known as OAO FIK Novafininvest...
– the country's second largest gas producer – is also active in the region, with its headquarteres located in Tarko-Sale
Tarko-Sale
Tarko-Sale is a town and the administrative center of Purovsky District of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia, located on the Pyakupur River near its confluence with the Ayvasedapur, southeast of Salekhard. Population:...
.
History
On December 10, 1930, Yamal (Nenets) National OkrugOkrug
Okrug is an administrative division of some Slavic states. The word "okrug" is a loanword in English, but it is nevertheless often translated as "area", "district", or "region"....
was formed based on Ural Oblast
Ural Oblast
Ural Oblast was oblast of RSFSR, USSR. It existed since 1923 to 1934, was created November 3, 1923 by association of Perm, Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk and Tyumen Governorates. Oblast’s centre was city Yekaterinburg...
.