William D. Jelks
Encyclopedia
William Dorsey Jelks was an American
Democratic politician
who was the 32nd Governor of Alabama
from 1901 to 1907. He also served as acting governor between 1 December and 26 December 1900 when governor William J. Samford
was out-of-state seeking medical treatment (Alabama law at the time required the governor to relinquish authority of the office if he left the state for any reason for more than 20 days). When Samford died on 11 June 1901, Jelks became governor. In 1904, Jelks fell ill himself and left the state for treatment; Russell Cunningham
acted as governor in Jelk's absence from 25 April 1904 to 5 March 1905.
Jelks, an Alabama native, graduated from Mercer University
in Macon, Georgia
in 1876 where he was a member of the Chi Phi Fraternity. In 1879, Jelks acquired a substantial interest in the Union Springs Herald; later that year he bought and became the editor of the Eufaula Times. During his residence in Eufaula, Alabama
, Jelks served on the board and as superintendent of education for the city schools.
Elected to the Alabama Senate
from Barbour County, Alabama
in 1898, Jelks served as chairman of the Committee on Constitution, Constitutional Revision and Amendment. In 1900, he was elected President of the Senate. Alabama did not have an office of lieutenant governor under the State Constitution of 1875, thus, Jelks, by virtue of his position as President of the Senate, served as acting-governor during the temporary incapacitation of Governor William J. Samford
from December 1–26, 1900, and succeeded to the office on June 11, 1901, when Samford died.
As governor, Jelks played an active role in securing the ratification of the State Constitution of 1901, which, by executive proclamation, he offered into effect on Thanksgiving Day, 1901. The new constitution reinstated the office of lieutenant governor and established the term of office of governor as four years. Elected to his first full term in 1902, Jelks was the first Alabama governor elected to serve a four-year term.
Significant accomplishments during Jelks' administration include the passage of legislation limiting and regulating child labor; the establishment of the State Textbook Commission; the reforms of the State Railroad Commission and the convict lease system; the renovation and expansion of the State Capitol and the creation of Houston County.
Jelks was also a strong advocate of the white supremacy causes and played a key role in adoption of provisions that disenfranchised blacks and poor whites. He also was a strong supporter of the lynching
s, stating that that lynching black men accused of rape was justified. He briefly during his governorship opposed lynching, preferring judicial process which usually led to death sentences anyway, but later retook his old positions. Jelks opposed educations for blacks, believing that it took them from their labors in the field and led to idleness, vagrancy, and crime http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1438.
When Jelks left office in 1907 he had served longer than any governor before him. He left a cash balance in the treasury of $1.8 million, which he recommended be spent on education. After leaving office, he organized the Protective Life Insurance Company in Birmingham, Alabama
and served as its first president. He was a delegate to the 1912 Democratic Convention in Baltimore, Maryland that nominated Woodrow Wilson
to the presidency. Jelks died on December 13, 1931.
External links
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
Democratic politician
Politician
A politician, political leader, or political figure is an individual who is involved in influencing public policy and decision making...
who was the 32nd Governor of Alabama
Alabama
Alabama is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west. Alabama ranks 30th in total land area and ranks second in the size of its inland...
from 1901 to 1907. He also served as acting governor between 1 December and 26 December 1900 when governor William J. Samford
William J. Samford
William James Samford was an American Democratic politician who was the 31st Governor of Alabama from 1900 to 1901....
was out-of-state seeking medical treatment (Alabama law at the time required the governor to relinquish authority of the office if he left the state for any reason for more than 20 days). When Samford died on 11 June 1901, Jelks became governor. In 1904, Jelks fell ill himself and left the state for treatment; Russell Cunningham
Russell McWhortor Cunningham
Russell McWhortor Cunningham was an American Democratic politician who was the acting Governor of Alabama from April 25, 1904 to March 5, 1905. He was lieutenant governor when Governor William D...
acted as governor in Jelk's absence from 25 April 1904 to 5 March 1905.
Jelks, an Alabama native, graduated from Mercer University
Mercer University
Mercer University is an independent, private, coeducational university with a Baptist heritage located in the U.S. state of Georgia. Mercer is the only university of its size in the United States that offers programs in eleven diversified fields of study: liberal arts, business, education, music,...
in Macon, Georgia
Macon, Georgia
Macon is a city located in central Georgia, US. Founded at the fall line of the Ocmulgee River, it is part of the Macon metropolitan area, and the county seat of Bibb County. A small portion of the city extends into Jones County. Macon is the biggest city in central Georgia...
in 1876 where he was a member of the Chi Phi Fraternity. In 1879, Jelks acquired a substantial interest in the Union Springs Herald; later that year he bought and became the editor of the Eufaula Times. During his residence in Eufaula, Alabama
Eufaula, Alabama
Eufaula is a city in Barbour County, Alabama, United States. At the 2000 census the population was 13,908.-Geography:Eufaula is located at 31°53'21.732" North, 85°9'13.586" West ....
, Jelks served on the board and as superintendent of education for the city schools.
Elected to the Alabama Senate
Alabama Senate
The Alabama State Senate is the upper house of the Alabama Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Alabama. The body is composed of 35 members representing an equal amount of districts across the state, with each district containing at least 127,140 citizens...
from Barbour County, Alabama
Barbour County, Alabama
Barbour County, Alabama is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama. Its name is in honor of James Barbour, who served as Governor of Virginia. As of 2010 the population was 27,457. Its county seat is Clayton.-History:...
in 1898, Jelks served as chairman of the Committee on Constitution, Constitutional Revision and Amendment. In 1900, he was elected President of the Senate. Alabama did not have an office of lieutenant governor under the State Constitution of 1875, thus, Jelks, by virtue of his position as President of the Senate, served as acting-governor during the temporary incapacitation of Governor William J. Samford
William J. Samford
William James Samford was an American Democratic politician who was the 31st Governor of Alabama from 1900 to 1901....
from December 1–26, 1900, and succeeded to the office on June 11, 1901, when Samford died.
As governor, Jelks played an active role in securing the ratification of the State Constitution of 1901, which, by executive proclamation, he offered into effect on Thanksgiving Day, 1901. The new constitution reinstated the office of lieutenant governor and established the term of office of governor as four years. Elected to his first full term in 1902, Jelks was the first Alabama governor elected to serve a four-year term.
Significant accomplishments during Jelks' administration include the passage of legislation limiting and regulating child labor; the establishment of the State Textbook Commission; the reforms of the State Railroad Commission and the convict lease system; the renovation and expansion of the State Capitol and the creation of Houston County.
- The legislature prohibited manufacturers from employing children under twelve years of age or working them more than sixty-six hours per week.
- The State Textbook Commission was established to provide a uniform series of textbooks for use in the state's public schools. According to Owen, the state realized a savings of several hundred thousand dollars in this way.
- Public indignation with the high freight rates charged by the railroads resulted in a reform of the State Railroad Commission, whereby the commissioners began to be directly elected in 1903. Jelks' understanding of the workings of the commission was inadequate and although he viewed the change to direct election of commissioners with apprehension, he signed the bill into law.
- A keen scrutiny of the bookkeeping practices and greater accountability in general were applied to the state's convict lease system. A larger percentage of the proceeds from the hire of county convicts was returned to the counties, the state assumed greater responsibility for the care and feeding of convicts contracted to mine operators and lumber camps and the overall health of state convicts improved. Efficient administration of the convict system net the state nearly $400,000 per year between 1901 and 1906.
- A legislative appropriation in 1903 of $150,000 for expansion and renovation of the State Capitol enabled the state to acquire a block of houses directly south of the Capitol, on which were constructed additional offices for state officials. The recently established State Department of Archives and History was provided offices and storage space in the new wing of the Capitol.
Jelks was also a strong advocate of the white supremacy causes and played a key role in adoption of provisions that disenfranchised blacks and poor whites. He also was a strong supporter of the lynching
Lynching
Lynching is an extrajudicial execution carried out by a mob, often by hanging, but also by burning at the stake or shooting, in order to punish an alleged transgressor, or to intimidate, control, or otherwise manipulate a population of people. It is related to other means of social control that...
s, stating that that lynching black men accused of rape was justified. He briefly during his governorship opposed lynching, preferring judicial process which usually led to death sentences anyway, but later retook his old positions. Jelks opposed educations for blacks, believing that it took them from their labors in the field and led to idleness, vagrancy, and crime http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1438.
When Jelks left office in 1907 he had served longer than any governor before him. He left a cash balance in the treasury of $1.8 million, which he recommended be spent on education. After leaving office, he organized the Protective Life Insurance Company in Birmingham, Alabama
Birmingham, Alabama
Birmingham is the largest city in Alabama. The city is the county seat of Jefferson County. According to the 2010 United States Census, Birmingham had a population of 212,237. The Birmingham-Hoover Metropolitan Area, in estimate by the U.S...
and served as its first president. He was a delegate to the 1912 Democratic Convention in Baltimore, Maryland that nominated Woodrow Wilson
Woodrow Wilson
Thomas Woodrow Wilson was the 28th President of the United States, from 1913 to 1921. A leader of the Progressive Movement, he served as President of Princeton University from 1902 to 1910, and then as the Governor of New Jersey from 1911 to 1913...
to the presidency. Jelks died on December 13, 1931.
External links