Willem Christiaan van Manen
Encyclopedia
Willem Christiaan van Manen (Noordeloos
, 8 Augustus 1842 – Leiden, 12 July 1905) was a Dutch theologian. He was professor in early Christian literature and New Testament exegesis
at Leiden University
(1885–1903) and belonged to the Dutch school of Radical Criticism
.
concluded that this was a genuine letter by Paul of Tarsus
. But in 1889 he wrote a review where he agreed with a study by Rudolf Steck and with A.D. Loman
, that all Pauline epistles
were pseudepigraphs. Van Manen's main work "Paulus" was published 1890-1896. The first volume treated Acts
, and a theory of the development of christianity in the 1st centuries. He argued that Acts was dependent on Flavius Josephus and other works, and assigned it to the second quarter of the 2nd century. The other two volumes were about Romans
and about 1 Corinthians
and 2 Corinthians
.
Van Manen contributed several essays to Encyclopaedia Biblica
(1899–1903):
Noordeloos
Noordeloos is a town in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Giessenlanden, and lies about north of Gorinchem.In 2001, the town of Noordeloos had 1760 inhabitants...
, 8 Augustus 1842 – Leiden, 12 July 1905) was a Dutch theologian. He was professor in early Christian literature and New Testament exegesis
Exegesis
Exegesis is a critical explanation or interpretation of a text, especially a religious text. Traditionally the term was used primarily for exegesis of the Bible; however, in contemporary usage it has broadened to mean a critical explanation of any text, and the term "Biblical exegesis" is used...
at Leiden University
Leiden University
Leiden University , located in the city of Leiden, is the oldest university in the Netherlands. The university was founded in 1575 by William, Prince of Orange, leader of the Dutch Revolt in the Eighty Years' War. The royal Dutch House of Orange-Nassau and Leiden University still have a close...
(1885–1903) and belonged to the Dutch school of Radical Criticism
Radical Criticism
Radical Criticism is a movement around the late 19th century that, typically, denied authentic authorship of the Pauline epistles. This went beyond the higher criticism of the Tübingen school which held that a core of at least four epistles had been written by Paul of Tarsus in the 1st...
.
Work
Van Manen's 1865 doctoral thesis in Utrecht about the authenticity of 1 ThessaloniansFirst Epistle to the Thessalonians
The First Epistle to the Thessalonians, usually referred to simply as First Thessalonians and often written 1 Thessalonians, is a book from the New Testament of the Christian Bible....
concluded that this was a genuine letter by Paul of Tarsus
Paul of Tarsus
Paul the Apostle , also known as Saul of Tarsus, is described in the Christian New Testament as one of the most influential early Christian missionaries, with the writings ascribed to him by the church forming a considerable portion of the New Testament...
. But in 1889 he wrote a review where he agreed with a study by Rudolf Steck and with A.D. Loman
Abraham Dirk Loman
Abraham Dirk Loman was a Dutch theologian. He was a professor from 1856 till 1893. In his later period he belonged to the Dutch radical critics.-Life:...
, that all Pauline epistles
Pauline epistles
The Pauline epistles, Epistles of Paul, or Letters of Paul, are the thirteen New Testament books which have the name Paul as the first word, hence claiming authorship by Paul the Apostle. Among these letters are some of the earliest extant Christian documents...
were pseudepigraphs. Van Manen's main work "Paulus" was published 1890-1896. The first volume treated Acts
Acts of the Apostles
The Acts of the Apostles , usually referred to simply as Acts, is the fifth book of the New Testament; Acts outlines the history of the Apostolic Age...
, and a theory of the development of christianity in the 1st centuries. He argued that Acts was dependent on Flavius Josephus and other works, and assigned it to the second quarter of the 2nd century. The other two volumes were about Romans
Epistle to the Romans
The Epistle of Paul to the Romans, often shortened to Romans, is the sixth book in the New Testament. Biblical scholars agree that it was composed by the Apostle Paul to explain that Salvation is offered through the Gospel of Jesus Christ...
and about 1 Corinthians
First Epistle to the Corinthians
The first epistle of Paul the apostle to the Corinthians, often referred to as First Corinthians , is the seventh book of the New Testament of the Bible...
and 2 Corinthians
Second Epistle to the Corinthians
The second epistle of Paul the apostle to the Corinthians, often referred to as Second Corinthians , is the eighth book of the New Testament of the Bible...
.
Van Manen contributed several essays to Encyclopaedia Biblica
Encyclopaedia Biblica
Encyclopaedia Biblica: A Critical Dictionary of the Literary, Political and Religion History, the Archeology, Geography and Natural History of the Bible , edited by Thomas Kelly Cheyne and J. Sutherland Black, is a critical encyclopedia of the Bible. In Theology/Biblical studies, it is often...
(1899–1903):
- Old-Christian literature, especially the section "Epistles"
- Paul – Later criticism, a sequel to the treatment by E. Hatch
- Paul's epistle to the Romans
- Paul's and Polycarp's epistles to the Philippians
- Paul's epistle to Philemon