Wilhelm Heinrich von Grolman
Encyclopedia
Wilhelm Heinrich von Grolman(n) (28 February 1781 – 1 January 1856) was a German
jurist
, president of the Prussian
Kammergericht
(Court of Appeals), and Wirklicher Geheimer Rat (Real Privy Councilor).
Born in Berlin
, Brandenburg
, Grolman was the brother of the general Karl von Grolman. After studying law in Göttingen and Halle
, he became an Auskultator at the city court of Berlin in 1801, Referendar at the district or provincial court in 1802, and Assessor at Marienwerder
in 1804. Grolman was appointed government councilor in 1806, councilor of the Berlin Kammergericht in 1808, and member of the Brandenburg Pupillenkollegium in 1810.
When Prussia entered the Sixth Coalition in 1813, Grolman served as a Major
and commanded a Brandenburg Landwehr
battalion. He participated in the Battle of Hagelberg and the blockades of Magdeburg
and Wesel
. In July 1814 Grolman returned to his magistracy, but took command of his Landwehr battalion the following year during the Hundred Days
. For his leadership at Fleurus
and Wavre
he was awarded the Iron Cross
1st Class.
Grolman returned to his legal career in 1816 and was named vice president of the Kleve
Oberlandesgericht
. In 1819 he participated in a Berlin ministry to reform the Prussian legislature, and, after its dissolution, was appointed vice president of the Oberlandesgericht of Magdeburg in 1821. Grolman became vice president of the Berlin Kammergericht in 1827, president of the Justruktionssenat in 1831 and the Oberappellationssenat in 1836, and a member of the privy council in 1840. He resigned in 1845.
Grolman was awarded with the Order of the Red Eagle
. His first marriage was to a daughter of the Berlin doctor Ernst Ludwig Heim
. His descendents include General Helmuth von Grolman, the first Wehrbeauftragter des Deutschen Bundestages (Ombudsman for the Military) of West Germany
.
His grave is preserved in the Protestant Friedhof II der Jerusalems- und Neuen Kirchengemeinde (Cemetery No. II of the congregations of Jerusalem's Church
and New Church
) in Berlin-Kreuzberg
, south of Hallesches Tor
.
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
jurist
Jurist
A jurist or jurisconsult is a professional who studies, develops, applies, or otherwise deals with the law. The term is widely used in American English, but in the United Kingdom and many Commonwealth countries it has only historical and specialist usage...
, president of the Prussian
Kingdom of Prussia
The Kingdom of Prussia was a German kingdom from 1701 to 1918. Until the defeat of Germany in World War I, it comprised almost two-thirds of the area of the German Empire...
Kammergericht
Kammergericht
The Kammergericht is the Oberlandesgericht for the state of Berlin. Its name differs from Germany's other state courts for historic reasons. There are no other courts called Kammergericht in Germany.-Overview:...
(Court of Appeals), and Wirklicher Geheimer Rat (Real Privy Councilor).
Born in Berlin
Berlin
Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union...
, Brandenburg
Margraviate of Brandenburg
The Margraviate of Brandenburg was a major principality of the Holy Roman Empire from 1157 to 1806. Also known as the March of Brandenburg , it played a pivotal role in the history of Germany and Central Europe....
, Grolman was the brother of the general Karl von Grolman. After studying law in Göttingen and Halle
University of Halle-Wittenberg
The Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg , also referred to as MLU, is a public, research-oriented university in the cities of Halle and Wittenberg within Saxony-Anhalt, Germany...
, he became an Auskultator at the city court of Berlin in 1801, Referendar at the district or provincial court in 1802, and Assessor at Marienwerder
Kwidzyn
Kwidzyn is a town in northern Poland on the Liwa river, with 40,008 inhabitants . It has been a part of the Pomeranian Voivodeship since 1999, and was previously in the Elbląg Voivodeship . It is the capital of Kwidzyn County.-History:...
in 1804. Grolman was appointed government councilor in 1806, councilor of the Berlin Kammergericht in 1808, and member of the Brandenburg Pupillenkollegium in 1810.
When Prussia entered the Sixth Coalition in 1813, Grolman served as a Major
Major
Major is a rank of commissioned officer, with corresponding ranks existing in almost every military in the world.When used unhyphenated, in conjunction with no other indicator of rank, the term refers to the rank just senior to that of an Army captain and just below the rank of lieutenant colonel. ...
and commanded a Brandenburg Landwehr
Landwehr
Landwehr, or Landeswehr, is a German language term used in referring to certain national armies, or militias found in nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Europe. In different context it refers to large scale, low strength fortifications...
battalion. He participated in the Battle of Hagelberg and the blockades of Magdeburg
Magdeburg
Magdeburg , is the largest city and the capital city of the Bundesland of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Magdeburg is situated on the Elbe River and was one of the most important medieval cities of Europe....
and Wesel
Wesel
Wesel is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is the capital of the Wesel district.-Division of the town:Suburbs of Wesel include Lackhausen, Obrighoven, Ginderich, Feldmark,Fusternberg, Büderich, Flüren and Blumenkamp.-History:...
. In July 1814 Grolman returned to his magistracy, but took command of his Landwehr battalion the following year during the Hundred Days
Hundred Days
The Hundred Days, sometimes known as the Hundred Days of Napoleon or Napoleon's Hundred Days for specificity, marked the period between Emperor Napoleon I of France's return from exile on Elba to Paris on 20 March 1815 and the second restoration of King Louis XVIII on 8 July 1815...
. For his leadership at Fleurus
Battle of Ligny
The Battle of Ligny was the last victory of the military career of Napoleon I. In this battle, French troops of the Armée du Nord under Napoleon's command, defeated a Prussian army under Field Marshal Blücher, near Ligny in present-day Belgium. The bulk of the Prussian army survived, however, and...
and Wavre
Battle of Wavre
The Battle of Wavre was the final major military action of the Hundred Days campaign and the Napoleonic Wars. It was fought on 18-19 June 1815 between the Prussian rearguard under the command of General Johann von Thielmann and three corps of the French army under the command of Marshal Grouchy. A...
he was awarded the Iron Cross
Iron Cross
The Iron Cross is a cross symbol typically in black with a white or silver outline that originated after 1219 when the Kingdom of Jerusalem granted the Teutonic Order the right to combine the Teutonic Black Cross placed above a silver Cross of Jerusalem....
1st Class.
Grolman returned to his legal career in 1816 and was named vice president of the Kleve
Kleve
Kleve , is a town in the Lower Rhine region of northwestern Germany near the Dutch border and the River Rhine. From the 11th century onwards, Kleve was capital of a county and later a duchy...
Oberlandesgericht
Oberlandesgericht
The Oberlandesgericht is one of the 'ordinary courts' in Germany...
. In 1819 he participated in a Berlin ministry to reform the Prussian legislature, and, after its dissolution, was appointed vice president of the Oberlandesgericht of Magdeburg in 1821. Grolman became vice president of the Berlin Kammergericht in 1827, president of the Justruktionssenat in 1831 and the Oberappellationssenat in 1836, and a member of the privy council in 1840. He resigned in 1845.
Grolman was awarded with the Order of the Red Eagle
Order of the Red Eagle
The Order of the Red Eagle was an order of chivalry of the Kingdom of Prussia. It was awarded to both military personnel and civilians, to recognize valor in combat, excellence in military leadership, long and faithful service to the kingdom, or other achievements...
. His first marriage was to a daughter of the Berlin doctor Ernst Ludwig Heim
Ernst Ludwig Heim
Ernst Ludwig Heim was a German physician born in Solz, Thuringia. He was the son of pastor Johann Ludwig Heim ....
. His descendents include General Helmuth von Grolman, the first Wehrbeauftragter des Deutschen Bundestages (Ombudsman for the Military) of West Germany
West Germany
West Germany is the common English, but not official, name for the Federal Republic of Germany or FRG in the period between its creation in May 1949 to German reunification on 3 October 1990....
.
His grave is preserved in the Protestant Friedhof II der Jerusalems- und Neuen Kirchengemeinde (Cemetery No. II of the congregations of Jerusalem's Church
Jerusalem's Church
Jerusalem's Church is one of the churches of the Evangelical Congregation in the Friedrichstadt , a member of the Protestant umbrella organisation Evangelical Church of Berlin-Brandenburg-Silesian Upper Lusatia. The present church building is located in Berlin, borough Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg, in...
and New Church
Deutscher Dom
Deutscher Dom is the colloquial naming for the New Church located in Berlin on the Gendarmenmarkt across from Französischer Dom . Its parish comprised the northern part of the then new quarter of Friedrichstadt, which until then belonged to the parish of the congregations of Jerusalem's Church...
) in Berlin-Kreuzberg
Kreuzberg
Kreuzberg, a part of the combined Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg borough located south of Mitte since 2001, is one of the best-known areas of Berlin...
, south of Hallesches Tor
Hallesches Tor (Berlin U-Bahn)
The underground station Hallesches Tor is part of the Berlin U-Bahn network at the intersection of the east-west bound U1 and the north-south bound U6 in the Kreuzberg district.-Overview:...
.