Whiskey Au Go Go fire
Encyclopedia
The Whiskey Au Go Go fire was a fire that occurred at 2.10 a.m. on Thursday 8 March 1973, in the Whiskey Au Go Go nightclub
in Fortitude Valley, Brisbane, Australia
that killed 15 people. The building is on the corner of Amelia Street and St Paul's Terrace, and still stands as of 2011.
The fire began with the ignition of two 23-litre drums of diesel fuel in the building's foyer. The drums were thrown into the foyer, then ignited by a lit torch thrown through the open door. When ignited the burning diesel sent carbon monoxide
up to the club's main room on the first floor. Large quantities of grease had been smeared over the stairs of the building's rear fire escape. The door of the fire escape had also been greased. The fifteen people killed had died of asphyxiation as they struggled to open the greased fire escape doors. Police believed that had they been able to open the doors they would have slipped and fallen down the steel stairs. A fire brigade officer reported hearing screams from behind the closed door as firemen tried to smash it down. Other reports indicated that fuel seeped from the two 23-litre drums into the carpet of the foyer, causing a fireball to engulf the stairway.
About 100 patrons, bar staff and entertainers had been in the club at the time of ignition. Many escaped by jumping from broken windows onto an awning and dropping 15 feet to the ground.
Of the six person band, two musicians were killed. Also killed was the female singer they accompanied. Jennifer Denise Davie, a drinks waitress employed in the bar, also died.
on the weekend after the fire. On the Saturday the Queensland Government had offered a $50,000 reward for information on the bombing. Police arrested one man at the Jindalee house when he pulled a knife on them during an interview on the Saturday. Later they returned to the location and eventually located the second man hiding in nearby scrub at 11.00 a.m. on Sunday morning.
In 1966 Finch had been sentenced to 14 years prison after being found guilty of malicious wounding with a firearm and carrying an unlicenced pistol. Finch had fired two shots during an altercation near a petrol station in Oxford Street, Paddington
, injuring two men. At that trial Finch was described by police as "an active young criminal and associate of the most violent criminals in Sydney." Finch had been paroled after serving seven years of that sentence.
Immediately after their arrest both loudly protested their innocence at their first court appearance. It was reported that there was commotion in the dock when the men were brought before Brisbane Magistrates court after their arrest for arson and 15 counts of murder. Stuart was restrained by six detectives while Finch was relatively quiet and restrained by one detective. Stuart was also charged over injuring an investigating detective with a hunting knife during a police interview on the Saturday. During this hearing Finch claimed he was innocent, that on his arrest police had presented him with a pre-prepared written confession, and had beaten him.
This hearing heard that Finch, previously resident of Australia, had been imported by Stuart from his native England
for the extortion
scheme and had returned to Australia 12 days prior to the bombing. Police claimed Finch had privately confessed to them and had implicated Stuart. The police reported that Finch had willfully set the fire while Stuart had plotted to establish a false lead that "southern criminals" were planning an extortion racket in Brisbane.
During the original trial for murder and arson Finch's behaviour interrupted proceedings. When the trial was due to commence it was suspended when he claimed to have bitten off one of his fingers and swallowed several antennas. X-rays confirmed the presence of foreign objects in his stomach. It was confirmed that the tip of the little finger on Finch's right hand had been amputated and that he had swallowed wire. Days later there was another delay when Finch was absent, having been deemed unfit to appear.
During the trial Stuart had also confounded proceedings. He was hospitalised several times for operations to remove wire crosses he had swallowed. Through his incarceration Stuart endured a total of five operations to remove foreign objects from his stomach.
On 23 October 1973 both were convicted of the murder of Jennifer Denise Davie. The jury found that the fire was lit as part of an extortion-terror campaign aimed at Brisbane nightclub operators, and they were sentenced to life in prison. Stuart made Australian legal history: he was sentenced despite not being in court. At the time he was in hospital recovering from his third stomach operation as a result of him swallowing wire.
During their imprisonment in Boggo Road Gaol
they continued to protest their innocence, fighting a protracted legal battle for release and continuing their self-harm
to draw attention to their protest. In one incident Stuart sewed his lips together using wire paperclips. This occurred during a strike by warders when police had taken charge of the prison; Stuart had previously warned warders he would do this to prevent police from questioning him. During this period Finch kept up a tirade of abuse against police in the prison, once emptying his sanitary bucket over them.
. In February 1984 the High Court of Australia court granted a permanent injunction restraining Finch from proceeding with the petition he had lodged with the Privy Council seeking leave to appeal a decision of the High Court of Australia
.
Finch appealed this decision in order to appeal the decisions of the Queensland Court of Criminal appeal made in 1974 and 1978. Those decisions had dismissed Finch's original appeal and his later application for special leave to appeal.
The Australian Government, with the support of the Queensland Government, sought an injunction to prevent Finch proceeding in London. On 28 June the High Court of Australia refused this injunction, and the appeal reached the Privy Council in London on 6 July 1984. The Privy Council took less than thirty minutes to dismiss the application. The five member bench decided that the matter brought before it by Finch was not a matter that should be heard by the council.
in 1979. Stuart was aged 38. At the time it was reported that many police regarded him as Australia's most violent criminal.
In 1986, Finch married Cheryl Cole, a wheelchair-using woman with a terminal illness. Finch won his battle for release in 1988, after almost 15 years in prison. As part of his parole conditions he was deported back to his birth country, England. There, in October 1988, he confessed to the crime. He told The Sun
newspaper in a videotaped interview that he had tipped two drums of fuel into the doorway of the nightclub building before the firebombing. He also repeated claims that he had been "verballed" by the original police investigators, and said that a policeman named at the enquiry had ordered the bombing. He later recanted the confession.
Jana Wendt
interviewed Finch on A Current Affair by satellite to further discuss that admission. Wendt says that "When I suggested to him that his admission might mean that he could also be extradited to Australia to face other murder charges, his behaviour suddenly changed dramatically. He said he was now confused and could not recall murdering anybody. He claimed he had been brainwashed."
Nightclub
A nightclub is an entertainment venue which usually operates late into the night...
in Fortitude Valley, Brisbane, Australia
Australia
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
that killed 15 people. The building is on the corner of Amelia Street and St Paul's Terrace, and still stands as of 2011.
The fire
The building was firebombed, resulting in the deaths of 15 patrons and staff.The fire began with the ignition of two 23-litre drums of diesel fuel in the building's foyer. The drums were thrown into the foyer, then ignited by a lit torch thrown through the open door. When ignited the burning diesel sent carbon monoxide
Carbon monoxide
Carbon monoxide , also called carbonous oxide, is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that is slightly lighter than air. It is highly toxic to humans and animals in higher quantities, although it is also produced in normal animal metabolism in low quantities, and is thought to have some normal...
up to the club's main room on the first floor. Large quantities of grease had been smeared over the stairs of the building's rear fire escape. The door of the fire escape had also been greased. The fifteen people killed had died of asphyxiation as they struggled to open the greased fire escape doors. Police believed that had they been able to open the doors they would have slipped and fallen down the steel stairs. A fire brigade officer reported hearing screams from behind the closed door as firemen tried to smash it down. Other reports indicated that fuel seeped from the two 23-litre drums into the carpet of the foyer, causing a fireball to engulf the stairway.
About 100 patrons, bar staff and entertainers had been in the club at the time of ignition. Many escaped by jumping from broken windows onto an awning and dropping 15 feet to the ground.
Of the six person band, two musicians were killed. Also killed was the female singer they accompanied. Jennifer Denise Davie, a drinks waitress employed in the bar, also died.
Arrest
James Richard Finch, 29, and John Andrew Stuart, 33, were arrested 12 hours apart in suburban JindaleeJindalee, Queensland
Jindalee is an outer suburb of Brisbane, Australia located south-west of the Brisbane CBD, and is a part of the Centenary suburbs. It is bordered by the Brisbane River to the north. The Aboriginal meaning for Jindalee is "bare hills"...
on the weekend after the fire. On the Saturday the Queensland Government had offered a $50,000 reward for information on the bombing. Police arrested one man at the Jindalee house when he pulled a knife on them during an interview on the Saturday. Later they returned to the location and eventually located the second man hiding in nearby scrub at 11.00 a.m. on Sunday morning.
In 1966 Finch had been sentenced to 14 years prison after being found guilty of malicious wounding with a firearm and carrying an unlicenced pistol. Finch had fired two shots during an altercation near a petrol station in Oxford Street, Paddington
Oxford Street, Sydney
Oxford Street is a major thoroughfare in Sydney, Australia running from Whitlam Square on the south-east corner of Hyde Park in the central business district of Sydney to Bondi Junction in the Eastern Suburbs. Close to the CBD in particular, the street is lined with numerous shops, bars and...
, injuring two men. At that trial Finch was described by police as "an active young criminal and associate of the most violent criminals in Sydney." Finch had been paroled after serving seven years of that sentence.
Immediately after their arrest both loudly protested their innocence at their first court appearance. It was reported that there was commotion in the dock when the men were brought before Brisbane Magistrates court after their arrest for arson and 15 counts of murder. Stuart was restrained by six detectives while Finch was relatively quiet and restrained by one detective. Stuart was also charged over injuring an investigating detective with a hunting knife during a police interview on the Saturday. During this hearing Finch claimed he was innocent, that on his arrest police had presented him with a pre-prepared written confession, and had beaten him.
This hearing heard that Finch, previously resident of Australia, had been imported by Stuart from his native England
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
for the extortion
Extortion
Extortion is a criminal offence which occurs when a person unlawfully obtains either money, property or services from a person, entity, or institution, through coercion. Refraining from doing harm is sometimes euphemistically called protection. Extortion is commonly practiced by organized crime...
scheme and had returned to Australia 12 days prior to the bombing. Police claimed Finch had privately confessed to them and had implicated Stuart. The police reported that Finch had willfully set the fire while Stuart had plotted to establish a false lead that "southern criminals" were planning an extortion racket in Brisbane.
Trial and imprisonment
During their trial Finch and Stuart loudly protested their innocence, claiming they had been "verballed": convicted based on false confessions. They both pleaded not guilty.During the original trial for murder and arson Finch's behaviour interrupted proceedings. When the trial was due to commence it was suspended when he claimed to have bitten off one of his fingers and swallowed several antennas. X-rays confirmed the presence of foreign objects in his stomach. It was confirmed that the tip of the little finger on Finch's right hand had been amputated and that he had swallowed wire. Days later there was another delay when Finch was absent, having been deemed unfit to appear.
During the trial Stuart had also confounded proceedings. He was hospitalised several times for operations to remove wire crosses he had swallowed. Through his incarceration Stuart endured a total of five operations to remove foreign objects from his stomach.
On 23 October 1973 both were convicted of the murder of Jennifer Denise Davie. The jury found that the fire was lit as part of an extortion-terror campaign aimed at Brisbane nightclub operators, and they were sentenced to life in prison. Stuart made Australian legal history: he was sentenced despite not being in court. At the time he was in hospital recovering from his third stomach operation as a result of him swallowing wire.
During their imprisonment in Boggo Road Gaol
Boggo Road Gaol
Boggo Road Gaol was a notorious Australian prison located on Annerley Road in Dutton Park, an inner southern suburb of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. The site is the only surviving intact gaol in Queensland that reflects penological principles of the 19th century...
they continued to protest their innocence, fighting a protracted legal battle for release and continuing their self-harm
Self-harm
Self-harm or deliberate self-harm includes self-injury and self-poisoning and is defined as the intentional, direct injuring of body tissue most often done without suicidal intentions. These terms are used in the more recent literature in an attempt to reach a more neutral terminology...
to draw attention to their protest. In one incident Stuart sewed his lips together using wire paperclips. This occurred during a strike by warders when police had taken charge of the prison; Stuart had previously warned warders he would do this to prevent police from questioning him. During this period Finch kept up a tirade of abuse against police in the prison, once emptying his sanitary bucket over them.
Finch's appeals
Finch tried to take his appeals to the Privy CouncilPrivy council
A privy council is a body that advises the head of state of a nation, typically, but not always, in the context of a monarchic government. The word "privy" means "private" or "secret"; thus, a privy council was originally a committee of the monarch's closest advisors to give confidential advice on...
. In February 1984 the High Court of Australia court granted a permanent injunction restraining Finch from proceeding with the petition he had lodged with the Privy Council seeking leave to appeal a decision of the High Court of Australia
High Court of Australia
The High Court of Australia is the supreme court in the Australian court hierarchy and the final court of appeal in Australia. It has both original and appellate jurisdiction, has the power of judicial review over laws passed by the Parliament of Australia and the parliaments of the States, and...
.
Finch appealed this decision in order to appeal the decisions of the Queensland Court of Criminal appeal made in 1974 and 1978. Those decisions had dismissed Finch's original appeal and his later application for special leave to appeal.
The Australian Government, with the support of the Queensland Government, sought an injunction to prevent Finch proceeding in London. On 28 June the High Court of Australia refused this injunction, and the appeal reached the Privy Council in London on 6 July 1984. The Privy Council took less than thirty minutes to dismiss the application. The five member bench decided that the matter brought before it by Finch was not a matter that should be heard by the council.
Release from prison
Stuart was found dead in his cell of Boggo Road Gaol after a six-day hunger strikeHunger strike
A hunger strike is a method of non-violent resistance or pressure in which participants fast as an act of political protest, or to provoke feelings of guilt in others, usually with the objective to achieve a specific goal, such as a policy change. Most hunger strikers will take liquids but not...
in 1979. Stuart was aged 38. At the time it was reported that many police regarded him as Australia's most violent criminal.
In 1986, Finch married Cheryl Cole, a wheelchair-using woman with a terminal illness. Finch won his battle for release in 1988, after almost 15 years in prison. As part of his parole conditions he was deported back to his birth country, England. There, in October 1988, he confessed to the crime. He told The Sun
The Sun (newspaper)
The Sun is a daily national tabloid newspaper published in the United Kingdom and owned by News Corporation. Sister editions are published in Glasgow and Dublin...
newspaper in a videotaped interview that he had tipped two drums of fuel into the doorway of the nightclub building before the firebombing. He also repeated claims that he had been "verballed" by the original police investigators, and said that a policeman named at the enquiry had ordered the bombing. He later recanted the confession.
Jana Wendt
Jana Wendt
-Early life:Wendt was born to Czech parents who emigrated to Australia in 1949, and was educated at the University of Melbourne.-Career:Wendt's television career began as a news presenter for ATV-10 evening news...
interviewed Finch on A Current Affair by satellite to further discuss that admission. Wendt says that "When I suggested to him that his admission might mean that he could also be extradited to Australia to face other murder charges, his behaviour suddenly changed dramatically. He said he was now confused and could not recall murdering anybody. He claimed he had been brainwashed."