Veshenskaya
Encyclopedia
Veshenskaya, or Vyoshenskaya (Вёшенская), colloquially known as Vyoshki, is a Cossack
stanitsa
(town) in the northern, or upper, Don
region, on the left bank of the Don. It is the administrative centre of the Sholokhovsky district. It is well-known as the birthplace of Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov, and the Cossack historian Nikolay Krasnov
.
During the Russian Civil War
in 1919, it formed the centre of the Upper-Don Anti-Bolshevists
. The Veshenskaya uprising and its leader, Pavel Nazarovich Kudinov are described in Sholokhov's novel And Quiet Flows the Don
. They had withdrawn from the White Army and joined the Bolsheviks, but rose up in arms because of the Red Terror
. They felt betrayed by the Bolsheviks who had promised that the Upper Don would be spared any military action or decossackization
. The counter-revolutionaries then united with the Don Army
. The uprising failed as the southern front collapsed.
Sholokhov also described the conditions during those years in his collection of short stories Donskie Rasskazi. After Sholokhov's death in 1984, a museum honouring the writer was created. The town has erected many monuments to Sholokhov and the characters from his novel And Quiet Flows the Don.
Due to the efforts of Sholokhov, a paved road was laid in 1963 between Veshenskaya and Millerovo
. In 1985, a bridge was built connecting Veshenskaya with the stanitsa Bazkovskaya, on the opposite bank.
Cossack
Cossacks are a group of predominantly East Slavic people who originally were members of democratic, semi-military communities in what is today Ukraine and Southern Russia inhabiting sparsely populated areas and islands in the lower Dnieper and Don basins and who played an important role in the...
stanitsa
Stanitsa
Stanitsa is a village inside a Cossack host . Stanitsas were the primary unit of Cossack hosts.Historically, the stanitsa was a unit of economic and political organisation of the Cossack peoples primarily in the southern regions of the Russian Empire.Much of the land was held in common by the...
(town) in the northern, or upper, Don
Don River (Russia)
The Don River is one of the major rivers of Russia. It rises in the town of Novomoskovsk 60 kilometres southeast from Tula, southeast of Moscow, and flows for a distance of about 1,950 kilometres to the Sea of Azov....
region, on the left bank of the Don. It is the administrative centre of the Sholokhovsky district. It is well-known as the birthplace of Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov, and the Cossack historian Nikolay Krasnov
Nikolay Krasnov
Nikolay Ivanovich Krasnov was a major-general of the Imperial Russian Army.Nikolay Krasnov was born in the stanitsa Veshenskaya of the Don Voisko Province into the family of the Ataman of Don Cossack Voisko, lieutenant-general Ivan Krasnov...
.
History
It is first mentioned in 1672.During the Russian Civil War
Russian Civil War
The Russian Civil War was a multi-party war that occurred within the former Russian Empire after the Russian provisional government collapsed to the Soviets, under the domination of the Bolshevik party. Soviet forces first assumed power in Petrograd The Russian Civil War (1917–1923) was a...
in 1919, it formed the centre of the Upper-Don Anti-Bolshevists
Anti-bolshevism
Anti-bolshevism has two principal forms:* Anti-bolshevik Anti-communism* Anti-Bolshevik Communism...
. The Veshenskaya uprising and its leader, Pavel Nazarovich Kudinov are described in Sholokhov's novel And Quiet Flows the Don
And Quiet Flows the Don
And Quiet Flows the Don or Quietly Flows the Don is the first part of the great Don epic Tikhiy Don , written by Michail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov. It originally appeared in serialized form between 1928 and 1940...
. They had withdrawn from the White Army and joined the Bolsheviks, but rose up in arms because of the Red Terror
Red Terror
The Red Terror in Soviet Russia was the campaign of mass arrests and executions conducted by the Bolshevik government. In Soviet historiography, the Red Terror is described as having been officially announced on September 2, 1918 by Yakov Sverdlov and ended about October 1918...
. They felt betrayed by the Bolsheviks who had promised that the Upper Don would be spared any military action or decossackization
Decossackization
Decossackization is a term used to describe the Bolsheviks' policy of the systematic elimination of the Cossacks of the Don and the Kuban as a social and ethnic group...
. The counter-revolutionaries then united with the Don Army
Don Army
The Don Army was part of the White movement of the Russian Civil War, operating from 1917 to 1919, in the Don region and centered in the town of Novocherkassk.- History :...
. The uprising failed as the southern front collapsed.
Sholokhov also described the conditions during those years in his collection of short stories Donskie Rasskazi. After Sholokhov's death in 1984, a museum honouring the writer was created. The town has erected many monuments to Sholokhov and the characters from his novel And Quiet Flows the Don.
Due to the efforts of Sholokhov, a paved road was laid in 1963 between Veshenskaya and Millerovo
Millerovo
Millerovo is a town and the administrative center of Millerovsky District of Rostov Oblast, Russia. Population: It was founded in 1786 and named after its founder, the army officer Ivan Abramovich Müller...
. In 1985, a bridge was built connecting Veshenskaya with the stanitsa Bazkovskaya, on the opposite bank.