Varden Tsulukidze (1865 – 1923) was a Georgian

Georgia (country)

Georgia is a sovereign state in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded to the west by the Black Sea, to the north by Russia, to the southwest by Turkey, to the south by Armenia, and to the southeast by Azerbaijan. The capital of...

 military commander and anti-Soviet resistance leader.

Of a noble family

Tsulukidze (family)

The Tsulukidze are a Georgian noble family, known in the western part of the country since 1451. According to a traditional account, they were elevated to a princely dignity by King George III of Imereti in 1605....

, Tsulukidze served in the Imperial Russian army and was promoted to the rank of major-general in World War I

World War I

World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...

. He then commanded a brigade in a newly independent Democratic Republic of Georgia

Democratic Republic of Georgia

The Democratic Republic of Georgia , 1918–1921, was the first modern establishment of a Republic of Georgia.The DRG was created after the collapse of the Russian Empire that began with the Russian Revolution of 1917...

 after whose fall to the Soviets

Red Army invasion of Georgia

The Red Army invasion of Georgia also known as the Soviet–Georgian War or the Soviet invasion of Georgia was a military campaign by the Soviet Russian Red Army against the Democratic Republic of Georgia aimed at overthrowing the Social-Democratic government and installing the Bolshevik regime...

 (1921) he became one of the leaders of an underground independence movement. Tsulukidze was arrested by the Cheka

Cheka

Cheka was the first of a succession of Soviet state security organizations. It was created by a decree issued on December 20, 1917, by Vladimir Lenin and subsequently led by aristocrat-turned-communist Felix Dzerzhinsky...

along with his associates and shot at the outskirts of Tbilisi on May 19, 1923.