Ursus C-45
Encyclopedia
The Ursus C-45 and C-451 was a popular Polish
model of tractor
. It was manufactured from 1947 to 1959 by the Ursus Factory in Warsaw
, and from 1960 to 1965 by Zakłady Mechaniczne in Gorzów Wielkopolski
.
D9506. Examples of this German model were prevalent in Poland near the German border, left behind following World War II. Apart from its proximity and prevalence, the model also was advantageously high-powered relative to its simple construction and operation. Technical documentation for the C-45 was completed in July 1946 and was carried out under the guidance of Edward Habich. Under the designation LB-45, Habich built the first prototype in 1947, which was presented at the Labour Day parade in Warsaw on 1 May. Full production of the tractors was launched in September, with 130 units built by the end of 1947.
The C-45 had a one-cylinder, two-stroke engine, with a maximum power of 33 kW (45 hp) and a cylinder capacity of 10,300 cc. The gearbox was 3-speed and the cylinder was placed horizontally. To start the engine, it was first heated by a blow lamp. Then, the steering wheel
was removed, along with the column, and slid into one of the flywheel
s. By then turning the steering wheel, the engine was started. This process required physical strength and skill.
At the beginning of its production life, the C-45 was manufactured with steel wheels. Modernising modifications were made to the tractor in later years, resulting in the improved C-451.
The very first C-45, serial number 0001, worked 12,000 hours without intervening overhaul. Approximately 6,000 C-45 and C-451 tractors were exported to Brazil
, China
and Korea
.
, headlight, hydraulic lift, and starting gasoline fuel injection
. A metal frame was fixed to the windscreen, rear fenders were fitted, and a canvas cab was added. The production of the C-451 in Warsaw was completed in 1959, with a total construction of 50,000 units.
From 1960 to 1965, the C-451 was manufactured by Zakłady Mechaniczne in Gorzów Wielkopolski, after the technical documentation was passed to them.
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
model of tractor
Tractor
A tractor is a vehicle specifically designed to deliver a high tractive effort at slow speeds, for the purposes of hauling a trailer or machinery used in agriculture or construction...
. It was manufactured from 1947 to 1959 by the Ursus Factory in Warsaw
Warsaw
Warsaw is the capital and largest city of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River, roughly from the Baltic Sea and from the Carpathian Mountains. Its population in 2010 was estimated at 1,716,855 residents with a greater metropolitan area of 2,631,902 residents, making Warsaw the 10th most...
, and from 1960 to 1965 by Zakłady Mechaniczne in Gorzów Wielkopolski
Gorzów Wielkopolski
Gorzów Wielkopolski is a city in western Poland, on the Warta river. It is the biggest city in the Lubusz Voivodeship with 125,149 inhabitants...
.
History
Production of the Ursus C-45 model began in 1946. Due to the need to begin production quickly, the Ursus company decided to copy the Lanz BulldogLanz Bulldog
The Lanz Bulldog was a tractor manufactured by Heinrich Lanz AG in Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Production started in 1921 and various versions of the Bulldog were produced up to 1960. John Deere purchased Lanz in 1956 and started using the name "John Deere-Lanz" for the Lanz product line....
D9506. Examples of this German model were prevalent in Poland near the German border, left behind following World War II. Apart from its proximity and prevalence, the model also was advantageously high-powered relative to its simple construction and operation. Technical documentation for the C-45 was completed in July 1946 and was carried out under the guidance of Edward Habich. Under the designation LB-45, Habich built the first prototype in 1947, which was presented at the Labour Day parade in Warsaw on 1 May. Full production of the tractors was launched in September, with 130 units built by the end of 1947.
The C-45 had a one-cylinder, two-stroke engine, with a maximum power of 33 kW (45 hp) and a cylinder capacity of 10,300 cc. The gearbox was 3-speed and the cylinder was placed horizontally. To start the engine, it was first heated by a blow lamp. Then, the steering wheel
Steering wheel
A steering wheel is a type of steering control in vehicles and vessels ....
was removed, along with the column, and slid into one of the flywheel
Flywheel
A flywheel is a rotating mechanical device that is used to store rotational energy. Flywheels have a significant moment of inertia, and thus resist changes in rotational speed. The amount of energy stored in a flywheel is proportional to the square of its rotational speed...
s. By then turning the steering wheel, the engine was started. This process required physical strength and skill.
At the beginning of its production life, the C-45 was manufactured with steel wheels. Modernising modifications were made to the tractor in later years, resulting in the improved C-451.
The very first C-45, serial number 0001, worked 12,000 hours without intervening overhaul. Approximately 6,000 C-45 and C-451 tractors were exported to Brazil
Brazil
Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
, China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
and Korea
Korea
Korea ) is an East Asian geographic region that is currently divided into two separate sovereign states — North Korea and South Korea. Located on the Korean Peninsula, Korea is bordered by the People's Republic of China to the northwest, Russia to the northeast, and is separated from Japan to the...
.
C-451
The C-451 was the result of modifications made to the ageing C-45 in 1954. These changes included simplified operation, a more efficient fan, surface-hardened crankshaftCrankshaft
The crankshaft, sometimes casually abbreviated to crank, is the part of an engine which translates reciprocating linear piston motion into rotation...
, headlight, hydraulic lift, and starting gasoline fuel injection
Fuel injection
Fuel injection is a system for admitting fuel into an internal combustion engine. It has become the primary fuel delivery system used in automotive petrol engines, having almost completely replaced carburetors in the late 1980s....
. A metal frame was fixed to the windscreen, rear fenders were fitted, and a canvas cab was added. The production of the C-451 in Warsaw was completed in 1959, with a total construction of 50,000 units.
From 1960 to 1965, the C-451 was manufactured by Zakłady Mechaniczne in Gorzów Wielkopolski, after the technical documentation was passed to them.