The 1902 elections for the United States House of Representatives

United States House of Representatives

The United States House of Representatives is one of the two Houses of the United States Congress, the bicameral legislature which also includes the Senate.The composition and powers of the House are established in Article One of the Constitution...

 occurred in the middle of President

President of the United States

The President of the United States of America is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president leads the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces....

 Theodore Roosevelt

Theodore Roosevelt

Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt was the 26th President of the United States . He is noted for his exuberant personality, range of interests and achievements, and his leadership of the Progressive Movement, as well as his "cowboy" persona and robust masculinity...

's first term, about a year after the assassination of President William McKinley

William McKinley

William McKinley, Jr. was the 25th President of the United States . He is best known for winning fiercely fought elections, while supporting the gold standard and high tariffs; he succeeded in forging a Republican coalition that for the most part dominated national politics until the 1930s...

 in September 1901.

Due to the increase in the size of the House, both Roosevelt's Republican Party

Republican Party (United States)

The Republican Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Democratic Party. Founded by anti-slavery expansion activists in 1854, it is often called the GOP . The party's platform generally reflects American conservatism in the U.S...

 and the opposition Democratic Party

Democratic Party (United States)

The Democratic Party is one of two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Republican Party. The party's socially liberal and progressive platform is largely considered center-left in the U.S. political spectrum. The party has the lengthiest record of continuous...

 gained seats. The Democrats increased their share of the House, but not by enough to regain control. With a stable economy and no cornerstone issue, Democratic gains can mostly be linked to the effects of redistricting. Many of the new seats were in areas that featured a high number of immigrants, either Eastern and Southern Europeans industrial workers or Northern European farmers. New immigrant groups trended Democratic. The Populist Party disappeared from the House, with its supporters almost unanimously switching to the Democratic Party. Notable freshmen included future Vice President

Vice President of the United States

The Vice President of the United States is the holder of a public office created by the United States Constitution. The Vice President, together with the President of the United States, is indirectly elected by the people, through the Electoral College, to a four-year term...

 and Speaker

Speaker of the United States House of Representatives

The Speaker of the United States House of Representatives, or Speaker of the House, is the presiding officer of the United States House of Representatives...

 John Nance Garner

John Nance Garner

John Nance Garner, IV , was the 32nd Vice President of the United States and the 44th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives .- Early life and family :...

 (D-Texas

Texas

Texas is the second largest U.S. state by both area and population, and the largest state by area in the contiguous United States.The name, based on the Caddo word "Tejas" meaning "friends" or "allies", was applied by the Spanish to the Caddo themselves and to the region of their settlement in...

).

Overall results

Party	Total seats	Change	Seat percentage
Republican	207	7	53.6%
Democratic	176	25	45.6%
Independent Independent (politician) In politics, an independent or non-party politician is an individual not affiliated to any political party. Independents may hold a centrist viewpoint between those of major political parties, a viewpoint more extreme than any major party, or they may have a viewpoint based on issues that they do...	3	3	0.8%
Totals	386	29	100.0%

Separate elections

California

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
	Samuel D. Woods Samuel D. Woods Samuel Davis Woods was a U.S. Representative from California.Born in Mount Pleasant, Tennessee, Woods moved with his parents to Stockton, California, in February 1850.He attended the public schools.He studied law.... Redistricted from the 2nd district	Republican	1900 United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1900 The United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1900 was an election for California's delegation to the United States House of Representatives, which occurred as part of the general election of the House of Representatives on November 6, 1900...	Retired Republican hold	James N. Gillett (R) 50.5% Thomas S. Ford (D) 46.7% M. E. Shore (S) 1.9% W. O. Clark (Proh.) 0.9%
	Frank Coombs Frank Coombs Frank Leslie Coombs was a United States Representative from California.-Life:Frank Leslie Coombs was born in Napa, Napa County, California, the son of Nathan Coombs and Maria Isabel Gordon. He attended the public schools in California and Dorchester High School in Boston, Massachusetts... Redistricted from the 1st district	Republican	1900 United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1900 The United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1900 was an election for California's delegation to the United States House of Representatives, which occurred as part of the general election of the House of Representatives on November 6, 1900...	Lost re-election Democratic gain	Theodore A. Bell Theodore A. Bell Theodore Arlington Bell was a Democratic politician from California.-Biography:Born in Vallejo, California, he began his political career as District Attorney of Napa County, California between 1895-1903. He served on the 58th congress from 1903 to 1905 representing the 2nd district. In the 1904...  (D) 49.2% Frank Coombs (R) 48.3% G. H. Rogers (S) 1.7% W. P. Fassett (Proh.) 0.8%
	Victor H. Metcalf Victor H. Metcalf Victor Howard Metcalf was an American politician; he served in President Theodore Roosevelt's cabinet an Secretary of Commerce and Labor, and then as Secretary of the Navy.-Biography:...	Republican	1898 United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1898 The United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1898 was an election for California's delegation to the United States House of Representatives, which occurred as part of the general election of the House of Representatives on November 8, 1898...	Re-elected	Victor H. Metcalf Victor H. Metcalf Victor Howard Metcalf was an American politician; he served in President Theodore Roosevelt's cabinet an Secretary of Commerce and Labor, and then as Secretary of the Navy.-Biography:...  (R) 66.2% Calvin B. White (D) 27.7% M. W. Wilkins (S) 5% T. H. Montgomery (Proh.) 1.1%
	Julius Kahn Julius Kahn Julius Kahn was a United States Congressman who was succeeded by his wife Florence Prag Kahn after his death. Kahn was born in Kuppenheim, in the Grand Duchy of Baden, in what would become Germany....	Republican	1898 United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1898 The United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1898 was an election for California's delegation to the United States House of Representatives, which occurred as part of the general election of the House of Representatives on November 8, 1898...	Lost re-election Democratic gain	Edward J. Livernash Edward J. Livernash Edward James Livernash was a U.S. Representative from California, subsequently Edward James de Nivernais.Born in Lower Calveritas, a California mining camp, near San Andreas, Livernash attended the common schools of California.He became a printer at the age of fifteen, and a year later founded a...  (D) 49.2% Julius Kahn (R) 48.7% William Costley (S) 1.9% Joseph Rowell (Proh.) 0.2%
	Eugene F. Loud Eugene F. Loud Eugene Francis Loud was a U.S. Representative from California.Born in Abington, Massachusetts, Loud went to sea and afterward settled in California....	Republican	1890 United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1890 The United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1890 was an election for California's delegation to the United States House of Representatives, which occurred as part of the general election of the House of Representatives on November 4, 1890...	Lost re-election Democratic gain	William J. Wynn William J. Wynn William Joseph Wynn was a machinist and U.S. Representative from California.Born in San Francisco, California, Wynn attended the public schools of San Francisco. He was an apprentice in the machinist's trade and subsequently worked in the principal manufacturing establishments of San Francisco...  (D) 56.5% Eugene F. Loud (R) 41.2% Joseph Lawrence (S) 1.5% Frank W. Caton (Proh.) 0.7%
	James C. Needham James C. Needham James Carson Needham was a U.S. Representative from California.Born in a covered wagon at Carson City, Nevada, James Needham arrived as a babe in arms with his parents at Mayfield, Santa Clara, California, October 1, 1864.... Redistricted from the 7th district	Republican	1898 United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1898 The United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1898 was an election for California's delegation to the United States House of Representatives, which occurred as part of the general election of the House of Representatives on November 8, 1898...	Re-elected	James C. Needham James C. Needham James Carson Needham was a U.S. Representative from California.Born in a covered wagon at Carson City, Nevada, James Needham arrived as a babe in arms with his parents at Mayfield, Santa Clara, California, October 1, 1864....  (R) 53.5% Gaston N. Ashe (D) 42.5% J. L. Cobb (S) 2.5% L. C. Jolley (Proh.) 1.4%
	James McLachlan James McLachlan James McLachlan was a U.S. Representative from California.Born in Argyllshire, Scotland, McLachlan immigrated to the United States in 1855 with his parents, who settled in Tompkins County, New York.... Redistricted from the 6th district	Republican	1900 United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1900 The United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1900 was an election for California's delegation to the United States House of Representatives, which occurred as part of the general election of the House of Representatives on November 6, 1900...	Re-elected	James McLachlan James McLachlan James McLachlan was a U.S. Representative from California.Born in Argyllshire, Scotland, McLachlan immigrated to the United States in 1855 with his parents, who settled in Tompkins County, New York....  (R) 64.8% Carl A. Johnson (D) 27% George H. Hewes (S) 4.2% Frederick F. Wheeler (Proh.) 4%
	None (District created)			New district Republican gain	Milton J. Daniels Milton J. Daniels Milton John Daniels was a U.S. Representative from California.Born in Cobleskill , New York, Daniels attended the public schools. His family moved to Bradford County, Pennsylvania, and he worked with his father in the lumber business. He moved to Rochester, Minnesota, in 1856, and was appointed...  (R) 51.9% William E. Smythe (D) 40.8% Noble A. Richardson (S) 5.4% Ellsworth Leonardson (Proh.) 2%

External links

• The Republican Campaign Textbook 1902