United Nations Security Council Resolution 1923
Encyclopedia
United Nations
Security Council Resolution
1923, adopted unanimously on May 25, 2010, after recalling resolutions 1769
(2007), 1778
(2007), 1834
(2008), 1861
(2009), 1913
(2010) and 1922
(2010), the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad
(MINURCAT) for a final time until December 31, 2010, with a complete withdrawal by that date.
The withdrawal of MINURCAT came after Chad had asked for it to leave, calling the force a "failure" and declaring it would take over security operations in the region. Amnesty International
and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
warned that the withdrawal would endanger thousands of refugees.
in eastern Chad
and the northeastern Central African Republic
, including armed activities and banditry
which resulted in violations of human rights
and international humanitarian law
. It welcomed the deployment by both Chad and Sudan of a joint border force but stressed that a proper settlement of the Darfur issue through implementation of all relevant agreements would contribute to long-term peace and stability. It also emphasised the need of durable solutions for refugee
s and displaced persons, noting the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees
in this regard.
The resolution also called for the respect of international refugee law, the preservation of the humanitarian nature of refugee camps and prevention of recruitment of women and children, and recalled several previous resolutions to that effect. It noted requests from the Government of Chad
for MINURCAT to withdraw and of the need for the orderly reduction of the operation.
for a final time, noted that Chad would be responsible for the protection of the civilian population in eastern Chad, including humanitarian and United Nations personnel. Furthermore, it called upon Chad to take action in this regard, for example by the demilitarisation
of refugee camps. The Council requested both Chad and the United Nations to assess the situation on the ground on a monthly basis.
The Council decided to reduce the military component of MINURCAT to 2,200 (1,900 in Chad and 300 in the Central African Republic) with 25 military observers and a maximum of 300 police officers. The Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon
was called upon to implement the first withdrawal of the exceeding number of troops by July 15, 2010 and the remaining troops beginning October 15, 2010 and ending by December 31, 2010.
For the remainder of its mandate, MINURCAT could continue to assist with the organisation and training of Chad’s Détachement Intégré de Sécurité
(DIS), to assist in efforts to relocate refugee camps away from the border; to liaise with other security structures in both Chad and the Central African Republic
; and to contribute to the protection of civil rights
and the rule of law. Until October 15, 2010, MINURCAT was to provide security to United Nations personnel or humanitarian workers and respond to threats, while all parties had to guarantee its freedom of movement
to allow it to carry out its mandate.
The resolution welcomed the normalisation of diplomatic relations between Chad and Sudan. At the same time it called on governments in the region to prohibit their territory from being used by armed groups to attack other countries.
Finally, the Secretary-General was requested to provide regular reports to the Council by July 31, October 15 and December 15, 2010 on the security and humanitarian situation in the region. In his July report, the Secretary-General was to provide international and regional options for the Central African Republic after MINURCAT's departure, and in his December report to assess the lessons learned in the context of MINURCAT.
United Nations
The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace...
Security Council Resolution
United Nations Security Council Resolution
A United Nations Security Council resolution is a UN resolution adopted by the fifteen members of the Security Council; the UN body charged with "primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security"....
1923, adopted unanimously on May 25, 2010, after recalling resolutions 1769
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1769
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1769, adopted unanimously on July 31, 2007, after reaffirming all resolutions on the situation in Sudan, the Council established the joint African Union – United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur in an attempt to end the violence in Darfur, for an...
(2007), 1778
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1778
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1778 was unanimously adopted on 25 September 2007.- Resolution :Deeply concerned about the humanitarian threat posed by armed groups on the borders of the Sudan’s troubled Darfur region, the Security Council this morning decided to establish what it called...
(2007), 1834
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1834
UN Security Council Resolution 1834 was adopted unanimously by the 15 member states of the United Nations Security Council, extending the United Nations mission in Chad and the Central African Republic until March 15, 2009, which was due to expire on September 25, 2008.-Background:The United...
(2008), 1861
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1861
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1861 was unanimously adopted on 14 January 2009.- Resolution :The Security Council today extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad , to expire on 15 March 2009, until 15 March 2010, at the same time giving...
(2009), 1913
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1913
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1913, adopted unanimously on March 12, 2010, after recalling resolutions 1769 , 1778 , 1834 and 1861 , the Council noted that the situation in the region of Darfur, Sudan and Chad and the Central African Republic constituted a threat to international...
(2010) and 1922
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1922
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1922, adopted unanimously on May 12, 2010, after recalling resolutions 1769 , 1778 , 1834 , 1861 and 1913 , the Council noted that the situation in the region of Darfur in Sudan, Chad and the Central African Republic constituted a threat to international...
(2010), the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad
United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad
The United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad was a United Nations peacekeeping mission established by the United Nations Security Council on September 25, 2007 to provide a multidimensional presence of up to 350 police and military personnel to eastern Chad and north-eastern...
(MINURCAT) for a final time until December 31, 2010, with a complete withdrawal by that date.
The withdrawal of MINURCAT came after Chad had asked for it to leave, calling the force a "failure" and declaring it would take over security operations in the region. Amnesty International
Amnesty International
Amnesty International is an international non-governmental organisation whose stated mission is "to conduct research and generate action to prevent and end grave abuses of human rights, and to demand justice for those whose rights have been violated."Following a publication of Peter Benenson's...
and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees , also known as The UN Refugee Agency is a United Nations agency mandated to protect and support refugees at the request of a government or the UN itself and assists in their voluntary repatriation, local integration or resettlement to...
warned that the withdrawal would endanger thousands of refugees.
Observations
In the preamble of the resolution, the Council expressed concern at the consequences of the War in DarfurWar in Darfur
The Darfur Conflict was a guerrilla conflict or civil war centered on the Darfur region of Sudan. It began in February 2003 when the Sudan Liberation Movement/Army and Justice and Equality Movement groups in Darfur took up arms, accusing the Sudanese government of oppressing non-Arab Sudanese in...
in eastern Chad
Chad
Chad , officially known as the Republic of Chad, is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It is bordered by Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic to the south, Cameroon and Nigeria to the southwest, and Niger to the west...
and the northeastern Central African Republic
Central African Republic
The Central African Republic , is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It borders Chad in the north, Sudan in the north east, South Sudan in the east, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of the Congo in the south, and Cameroon in the west. The CAR covers a land area of about ,...
, including armed activities and banditry
Outlaw
In historical legal systems, an outlaw is declared as outside the protection of the law. In pre-modern societies, this takes the burden of active prosecution of a criminal from the authorities. Instead, the criminal is withdrawn all legal protection, so that anyone is legally empowered to persecute...
which resulted in violations of human rights
Human rights
Human rights are "commonly understood as inalienable fundamental rights to which a person is inherently entitled simply because she or he is a human being." Human rights are thus conceived as universal and egalitarian . These rights may exist as natural rights or as legal rights, in both national...
and international humanitarian law
International humanitarian law
International humanitarian law , often referred to as the laws of war, the laws and customs of war or the law of armed conflict, is the legal corpus that comprises "the Geneva Conventions and the Hague Conventions, as well as subsequent treaties, case law, and customary international law." It...
. It welcomed the deployment by both Chad and Sudan of a joint border force but stressed that a proper settlement of the Darfur issue through implementation of all relevant agreements would contribute to long-term peace and stability. It also emphasised the need of durable solutions for refugee
Refugee
A refugee is a person who outside her country of origin or habitual residence because she has suffered persecution on account of race, religion, nationality, political opinion, or because she is a member of a persecuted 'social group'. Such a person may be referred to as an 'asylum seeker' until...
s and displaced persons, noting the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees
Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees
The United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees is an international convention that defines who is a refugee, and sets out the rights of individuals who are granted asylum and the responsibilities of nations that grant asylum. The Convention also sets out which people do not...
in this regard.
The resolution also called for the respect of international refugee law, the preservation of the humanitarian nature of refugee camps and prevention of recruitment of women and children, and recalled several previous resolutions to that effect. It noted requests from the Government of Chad
Government of Chad
The Government of Chad has been ruled and controlled by Idriss Déby and his Patriotic Salvation Movement since December 2, 1990, and officially since February 28, 1991. An amendment to the Constitution of Chad, passed in 2005, allowed Déby to run for his next term which will be his third...
for MINURCAT to withdraw and of the need for the orderly reduction of the operation.
Acts
The Security Council, extending MINURSO's mandateMandate (international law)
In international law, a mandate is a binding obligation issued from an inter-governmental organization like the United Nations to a country which is bound to follow the instructions of the organization....
for a final time, noted that Chad would be responsible for the protection of the civilian population in eastern Chad, including humanitarian and United Nations personnel. Furthermore, it called upon Chad to take action in this regard, for example by the demilitarisation
Demilitarisation
Demilitarisation or demilitarization is the reduction of a nation's army, weapons, or military vehicles to an agreed minimum. Demilitarisation is usually the result of a peace treaty ending a war or a major conflict....
of refugee camps. The Council requested both Chad and the United Nations to assess the situation on the ground on a monthly basis.
The Council decided to reduce the military component of MINURCAT to 2,200 (1,900 in Chad and 300 in the Central African Republic) with 25 military observers and a maximum of 300 police officers. The Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon
Ban Ki-moon
Ban Ki-moon is the eighth and current Secretary-General of the United Nations, after succeeding Kofi Annan in 2007. Before going on to be Secretary-General, Ban was a career diplomat in South Korea's Ministry of Foreign Affairs and in the United Nations. He entered diplomatic service the year he...
was called upon to implement the first withdrawal of the exceeding number of troops by July 15, 2010 and the remaining troops beginning October 15, 2010 and ending by December 31, 2010.
For the remainder of its mandate, MINURCAT could continue to assist with the organisation and training of Chad’s Détachement Intégré de Sécurité
Détachement Intégré de Sécurité
Détachement Intégré de Sécurité is a United Nations supported Security force in Chad, responsible for securing Internally Displaced Person sites and nearby towns in Eastern Chad.-Formation:...
(DIS), to assist in efforts to relocate refugee camps away from the border; to liaise with other security structures in both Chad and the Central African Republic
Central African Republic
The Central African Republic , is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It borders Chad in the north, Sudan in the north east, South Sudan in the east, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of the Congo in the south, and Cameroon in the west. The CAR covers a land area of about ,...
; and to contribute to the protection of civil rights
Civil rights
Civil and political rights are a class of rights that protect individuals' freedom from unwarranted infringement by governments and private organizations, and ensure one's ability to participate in the civil and political life of the state without discrimination or repression.Civil rights include...
and the rule of law. Until October 15, 2010, MINURCAT was to provide security to United Nations personnel or humanitarian workers and respond to threats, while all parties had to guarantee its freedom of movement
Freedom of movement
Freedom of movement, mobility rights or the right to travel is a human right concept that the constitutions of numerous states respect...
to allow it to carry out its mandate.
The resolution welcomed the normalisation of diplomatic relations between Chad and Sudan. At the same time it called on governments in the region to prohibit their territory from being used by armed groups to attack other countries.
Finally, the Secretary-General was requested to provide regular reports to the Council by July 31, October 15 and December 15, 2010 on the security and humanitarian situation in the region. In his July report, the Secretary-General was to provide international and regional options for the Central African Republic after MINURCAT's departure, and in his December report to assess the lessons learned in the context of MINURCAT.
See also
- African Union – United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur
- Central African Republic Bush WarCentral African Republic Bush WarThe Central African Republic Bush War began with the rebellion by the Union of Democratic Forces for Unity rebels, led by Michel Detodia, after the current President of the Central African Republic, François Bozizé, seized power in 2003. However, the real fighting began in 2004. The Civil War may...
- Civil war in Chad (2005–present)
- List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 1901 to 2000 (2009 – 2011)
- United Nations Mission in SudanUnited Nations Mission in SudanThe United Nations Mission in the Sudan was established by the UN Security Council under Resolution 1590 of 24 March 2005, in response to the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement between the government of the Sudan and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement on January 9, 2005 in Nairobi,...
- War in DarfurWar in DarfurThe Darfur Conflict was a guerrilla conflict or civil war centered on the Darfur region of Sudan. It began in February 2003 when the Sudan Liberation Movement/Army and Justice and Equality Movement groups in Darfur took up arms, accusing the Sudanese government of oppressing non-Arab Sudanese in...
External links
- Text of Resolution at ReliefWebReliefWebReliefWeb is an on-line gateway to information on humanitarian emergencies and disasters. An independent vehicle of information, designed specifically to assist the international humanitarian community in effective delivery of emergency assistance, it provides information as events unfold, while...