Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
Encyclopedia
The Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was an autonomous republic
of the Soviet Union
, named after
the Udmurt people
. It was formed on 4 November 1920 as the Votskaya Autonomous Oblast ("Votyaks" is the obsolete name for Udmurts, "Vot" being the obsolete name for Udmurt people), and renamed to the Udmurt Autonomous Oblast
in 1932. In December 1934, the state was renamed to the Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, but was not a full member of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
until 1936.
In 1937 the Constitution of Udmurtia was created, and the Supreme Soviet
of the Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic gained power. The Supreme Council of Udmurtia declared state sovereignty on 20 September 1990 and the Udmurt ASSR was renamed to the Udmurt Republic on 11 October 1991.
and established a territorial government. The First Congress resolved to join the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic in June 1918. In April 1919, Udmurtia was seized by Alexander Kolchak. The Red Army
removed Kolchak from power 2 months later, in June 1919. In 1920, the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR established the Votskaya Autonomous Region. In 1932, the Votskaya Autonomous Region was renamed the Udmurt Autonomous Region. On 27 February 1921 the first Regional Communist Conference declared the territory to be an autonomous region.
Under the five-year plan
s from 1929 to 1940, Udmurtia became industrialised. By 1940, literature and professional art grew, and educational and scientific institutions were created. In March 1937 the Second Congress ratified the Udmurt constitution.
During World War II
, the workers of Udmurtia produced weapons for the Red Army
. Udmurtia produced 11,000,000 rifle
s and carbine
s in the war, surpassing Germany's
industry output. Industrial factories were evacuated from Ukraine
to Udmurtia, thus increasing the ethnic Russian
population and stimulating economic growth.
In 1969, oil plants were established in Udmurtia.
Autonomous republics of the Soviet Union
Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics of the Soviet Union were administrative units created for certain nations. The ASSRs had a status lower than the union republics of the Soviet Union, but higher than the autonomous oblasts and the autonomous okrugs....
of the Soviet Union
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
, named after
Titular nation
The titular nation is the single dominant ethnic group in the state, typically after which the state was named.-Soviet Union:The notion was used in the Soviet Union to denote nations that give rise to titles of autonomous entities within the union: Soviet republics, autonomous republics, autonomous...
the Udmurt people
Udmurt people
The Udmurts are a people who speak the Udmurt language. Through history they have been known in Russian as Chud Otyatskaya , Otyaks, or Votyaks , and in Tatar as Ar....
. It was formed on 4 November 1920 as the Votskaya Autonomous Oblast ("Votyaks" is the obsolete name for Udmurts, "Vot" being the obsolete name for Udmurt people), and renamed to the Udmurt Autonomous Oblast
Udmurt Autonomous Oblast
The Udmurt Autonomous Oblast was formed on 4 November 1920 as the Votsk Autonomous Oblast. It was renamed on 1 January 1932 and was reorganized into the Udmurt ASSR on December 28, 1934, which was reorganized into the Udmurt Republic on 20 September 1990....
in 1932. In December 1934, the state was renamed to the Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, but was not a full member of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic , commonly referred to as Soviet Russia, Bolshevik Russia, or simply Russia, was the largest, most populous and economically developed republic in the former Soviet Union....
until 1936.
In 1937 the Constitution of Udmurtia was created, and the Supreme Soviet
Supreme Soviet
The Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union was the Supreme Soviet in the Soviet Union and the only one with the power to pass constitutional amendments...
of the Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic gained power. The Supreme Council of Udmurtia declared state sovereignty on 20 September 1990 and the Udmurt ASSR was renamed to the Udmurt Republic on 11 October 1991.
History
On 27 October 1917, the Bolsheviks gained power in IzhevskIzhevsk
Izhevsk is the capital city of the Udmurt Republic, Russia, situated on the Izh River in the Western Urals. Population: From 1984 to 1987 Izhevsk carried the name Ustinov |Minister of Defense of the USSR]], Marshal of the Soviet Union, Dmitry Ustinov). The city is an important industrial center,...
and established a territorial government. The First Congress resolved to join the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic in June 1918. In April 1919, Udmurtia was seized by Alexander Kolchak. The Red Army
Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army started out as the Soviet Union's revolutionary communist combat groups during the Russian Civil War of 1918-1922. It grew into the national army of the Soviet Union. By the 1930s the Red Army was among the largest armies in history.The "Red Army" name refers to...
removed Kolchak from power 2 months later, in June 1919. In 1920, the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR established the Votskaya Autonomous Region. In 1932, the Votskaya Autonomous Region was renamed the Udmurt Autonomous Region. On 27 February 1921 the first Regional Communist Conference declared the territory to be an autonomous region.
Under the five-year plan
Five-year plan
Five-Year Plan may refer to:*Five-Year Plans for the National Economy of the Soviet Union*Five-Year Plans of Argentina*Five-Year Plans of Bhutan*Five-Year Plans of the People's Republic of China*Five-Year Plans of Cuba*Five-year plans of Ethiopia...
s from 1929 to 1940, Udmurtia became industrialised. By 1940, literature and professional art grew, and educational and scientific institutions were created. In March 1937 the Second Congress ratified the Udmurt constitution.
During World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
, the workers of Udmurtia produced weapons for the Red Army
Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army started out as the Soviet Union's revolutionary communist combat groups during the Russian Civil War of 1918-1922. It grew into the national army of the Soviet Union. By the 1930s the Red Army was among the largest armies in history.The "Red Army" name refers to...
. Udmurtia produced 11,000,000 rifle
Rifle
A rifle is a firearm designed to be fired from the shoulder, with a barrel that has a helical groove or pattern of grooves cut into the barrel walls. The raised areas of the rifling are called "lands," which make contact with the projectile , imparting spin around an axis corresponding to the...
s and carbine
Carbine
A carbine , from French carabine, is a longarm similar to but shorter than a rifle or musket. Many carbines are shortened versions of full rifles, firing the same ammunition at a lower velocity due to a shorter barrel length....
s in the war, surpassing Germany's
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany , also known as the Third Reich , but officially called German Reich from 1933 to 1943 and Greater German Reich from 26 June 1943 onward, is the name commonly used to refer to the state of Germany from 1933 to 1945, when it was a totalitarian dictatorship ruled by...
industry output. Industrial factories were evacuated from Ukraine
Ukraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...
to Udmurtia, thus increasing the ethnic Russian
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
population and stimulating economic growth.
In 1969, oil plants were established in Udmurtia.