Tümen Jasagtu Khan
Encyclopedia
Tümen Jasagtu Khan was a 16th century Mongol khan
of the Northern Yuan Dynasty in Mongolia who reigned from 1558 to 1592. He was the successor of Darayisung Gödeng Khan
and had direct rule over the Chahar. It was during his rule that the Mongols
conquered Daur and Evenks
. Unlike his father, he succeeded in uniting the entire Mongols including Western Mongols without a much bloodshed.
Tümen, who was born in 1539, was the first of three sons of Darayisung Gödeng Khan. By being recognized as Khan
(not confuse with Qaghan or Khagan), Altan
nominalized the authority of him. However, coordinating Altan Khan's actions, Tümen won over Uriyangkhai and Daur Mongols. His relatives, Abtai Khan and Khutughtai Sechen Khung Taiji, brought a large portion of the Four Oirats
back into the Mongol fold. In addition to his successful invasions of Ming China, Tümen conquered Koko Nur and appointed his son ruler over there.
Tümen and other Mongol princes decided to adopt Tibetan Buddhism
. In 1576, Tümen was converted by Ilduni Sanggiduktshi Garma Lama
into Buddhism
. He assembled the Six Tumens, and codified laws. He made reforms on state laws and exempted the Mongol nobles from some kinds of taxes. he complied a new code that was supposed to be based on Yekhe Zasag
of Genghis Khan
. Thenceforwards he was called Jasagtu, who made peace with the Right Wing Tumens and gave their leaders official titles. He compelled the three Jurchen tribes such as Jurjis in Manchuria
and Yekhe Tungusians, to pay tribute
.
Zasaghtu Khan died in 1592.
Khan (title)
Khan is an originally Altaic and subsequently Central Asian title for a sovereign or military ruler, widely used by medieval nomadic Turko-Mongol tribes living to the north of China. 'Khan' is also seen as a title in the Xianbei confederation for their chief between 283 and 289...
of the Northern Yuan Dynasty in Mongolia who reigned from 1558 to 1592. He was the successor of Darayisung Gödeng Khan
Darayisung Gödeng Khan
Darayisung Khan , was the Mongol Khan of the Northern Yuan Dynasty in Mongolia. Darayisung Khan was the eldest son of Bodi Alagh Khan whom he succeeded as khan. During his rule, Altan Khan became stronger and more disrespectful of the power of the Great Khan and Darayisung Khan was unable to...
and had direct rule over the Chahar. It was during his rule that the Mongols
Mongols
Mongols ) are a Central-East Asian ethnic group that lives mainly in the countries of Mongolia, China, and Russia. In China, ethnic Mongols can be found mainly in the central north region of China such as Inner Mongolia...
conquered Daur and Evenks
Evenks
The Evenks are a Tungusic people of Northern Asia. In Russia, the Evenks are recognized as one of the Indigenous peoples of the Russian North, with a population of 35,527...
. Unlike his father, he succeeded in uniting the entire Mongols including Western Mongols without a much bloodshed.
Tümen, who was born in 1539, was the first of three sons of Darayisung Gödeng Khan. By being recognized as Khan
Khan (title)
Khan is an originally Altaic and subsequently Central Asian title for a sovereign or military ruler, widely used by medieval nomadic Turko-Mongol tribes living to the north of China. 'Khan' is also seen as a title in the Xianbei confederation for their chief between 283 and 289...
(not confuse with Qaghan or Khagan), Altan
Altan Khan
Altan Khan , whose given name was Anda , was the ruler of the Tümet Mongols and de facto ruler of the Right Wing, or western tribes, of the Mongols...
nominalized the authority of him. However, coordinating Altan Khan's actions, Tümen won over Uriyangkhai and Daur Mongols. His relatives, Abtai Khan and Khutughtai Sechen Khung Taiji, brought a large portion of the Four Oirats
Four Oirats
The Four Oirats or the Alliance of the Four Oirat tribes was the confederation of the Oirat tribes, which marked the rise of the Western Mongols in Mongolian history.Despite the universal currency of the term Four Oirats among Eastern Mongols and Oirats and numerous explanations by...
back into the Mongol fold. In addition to his successful invasions of Ming China, Tümen conquered Koko Nur and appointed his son ruler over there.
Tümen and other Mongol princes decided to adopt Tibetan Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism is the body of Buddhist religious doctrine and institutions characteristic of Tibet and certain regions of the Himalayas, including northern Nepal, Bhutan, and India . It is the state religion of Bhutan...
. In 1576, Tümen was converted by Ilduni Sanggiduktshi Garma Lama
Lama
Lama is a title for a Tibetan teacher of the Dharma. The name is similar to the Sanskrit term guru .Historically, the term was used for venerated spiritual masters or heads of monasteries...
into Buddhism
Buddhism
Buddhism is a religion and philosophy encompassing a variety of traditions, beliefs and practices, largely based on teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama, commonly known as the Buddha . The Buddha lived and taught in the northeastern Indian subcontinent some time between the 6th and 4th...
. He assembled the Six Tumens, and codified laws. He made reforms on state laws and exempted the Mongol nobles from some kinds of taxes. he complied a new code that was supposed to be based on Yekhe Zasag
Yassa
Yassa was a secret written code of law created by Genghis Khan. It was the principal law under the Mongol Empire even though no copies were made available...
of Genghis Khan
Genghis Khan
Genghis Khan , born Temujin and occasionally known by his temple name Taizu , was the founder and Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, which became the largest contiguous empire in history after his death....
. Thenceforwards he was called Jasagtu, who made peace with the Right Wing Tumens and gave their leaders official titles. He compelled the three Jurchen tribes such as Jurjis in Manchuria
Manchuria
Manchuria is a historical name given to a large geographic region in northeast Asia. Depending on the definition of its extent, Manchuria usually falls entirely within the People's Republic of China, or is sometimes divided between China and Russia. The region is commonly referred to as Northeast...
and Yekhe Tungusians, to pay tribute
Tribute
A tribute is wealth, often in kind, that one party gives to another as a sign of respect or, as was often the case in historical contexts, of submission or allegiance. Various ancient states, which could be called suzerains, exacted tribute from areas they had conquered or threatened to conquer...
.
Zasaghtu Khan died in 1592.