Tynanthus panurensis
Encyclopedia
Tynanthus panurensis, also known as Clavohuasca, clavo huasca, clove vine, white clove, cipó cravo, cipó trindade is a large, woody vine that grows up to 80 m in length. It is native to the Amazon rainforest
and other parts of tropical South America. It produces small, white flowers and long, flat, bean-like fruits. The bark and root of this vine has a distinctive, clove-like smell, earning its English common names "clove vine" and "white clove". "Huasca" comes from the Quechua
language meaning "vine". The vine, when cross-sectioned, has a distinctive "Maltese cross" design in the wood.
(a tea made from boiling the vine wood). Clavohuasca's main therapeutic actions are aphrodisiac
, analgesic
, digestive stimulant, febrifuge, and stimulant. It is traditionally from South America and has been used for centuries in Brazilian and Peruvian medicine. The popularity of Clavohuasca is spreading in Europe and North America, being used primarily as an Aphrodisiac and stimulant.
Clavohuasca is sometimes used by ayahuasceros in combination with the hallucinogenic brew used to connect with the spirit world ayahuasca
to settle the stomach. Clavohuasca is not a hallucinogen, but the ayahuasca brew often causes vomiting and sometimes diarrhea. Clavohuasca is sometimes added to the brew or taken simultaneously to help reduce these effects.
glycoside
, eugenol-O-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→5)-O-beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside]. It also contains a verbascoside
, isoverbascoside, and leucosceptoside, along with the known flavonoid
apigenin 8-C-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside], namely, katchimoside.
s as yet on the efficacy of clavohuasca or its most abundant eugenol
derivative as a medicine.
Amazon Rainforest
The Amazon Rainforest , also known in English as Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle, is a moist broadleaf forest that covers most of the Amazon Basin of South America...
and other parts of tropical South America. It produces small, white flowers and long, flat, bean-like fruits. The bark and root of this vine has a distinctive, clove-like smell, earning its English common names "clove vine" and "white clove". "Huasca" comes from the Quechua
Quechua languages
Quechua is a Native South American language family and dialect cluster spoken primarily in the Andes of South America, derived from an original common ancestor language, Proto-Quechua. It is the most widely spoken language family of the indigenous peoples of the Americas, with a total of probably...
language meaning "vine". The vine, when cross-sectioned, has a distinctive "Maltese cross" design in the wood.
Traditional uses
Clavohuasca is prepared traditionally as a tincture. However, is also taken as a wine in South America, and is taken as a decoctionDecoction
Decoction is a method of extraction, by boiling, of dissolved chemicals, or herbal or plant material, which may include stems, roots, bark and rhizomes. Decoction involves first mashing, and then boiling in water to extract oils, volatile organic compounds, and other chemical substances...
(a tea made from boiling the vine wood). Clavohuasca's main therapeutic actions are aphrodisiac
Aphrodisiac
An aphrodisiac is a substance that increases sexual desire. The name comes from Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of sexuality and love. Throughout history, many foods, drinks, and behaviors have had a reputation for making sex more attainable and/or pleasurable...
, analgesic
Analgesic
An analgesic is any member of the group of drugs used to relieve pain . The word analgesic derives from Greek an- and algos ....
, digestive stimulant, febrifuge, and stimulant. It is traditionally from South America and has been used for centuries in Brazilian and Peruvian medicine. The popularity of Clavohuasca is spreading in Europe and North America, being used primarily as an Aphrodisiac and stimulant.
Clavohuasca is sometimes used by ayahuasceros in combination with the hallucinogenic brew used to connect with the spirit world ayahuasca
Ayahuasca
Ayahuasca is any of various psychoactive infusions or decoctions prepared from the Banisteriopsis spp. vine, usually mixed with the leaves of dimethyltryptamine-containing species of shrubs from the Psychotria genus...
to settle the stomach. Clavohuasca is not a hallucinogen, but the ayahuasca brew often causes vomiting and sometimes diarrhea. Clavohuasca is sometimes added to the brew or taken simultaneously to help reduce these effects.
Phytochemical analysis
Clavohuasca has yielded one new phenylpropanoidPhenylpropanoid
The phenylpropanoids are a diverse family of organic compounds that are synthesized by plants from the amino acid phenylalanine. Their name is derived from the six-carbon, aromatic phenyl group and the three-carbon propene tail of cinnamic acid, which is synthesized from phenylalanine in the first...
glycoside
Glycoside
In chemistry, a glycoside is a molecule in which a sugar is bound to a non-carbohydrate moiety, usually a small organic molecule. Glycosides play numerous important roles in living organisms. Many plants store chemicals in the form of inactive glycosides. These can be activated by enzyme...
, eugenol-O-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→5)-O-beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside]. It also contains a verbascoside
Verbascoside
Verbascoside is a phenylethanoid and a caffeic acid sugar ester. It can be found in species in the Lamiales order Verbascoside is a phenylethanoid and a caffeic acid sugar ester. It can be found in species in the Lamiales order Verbascoside is a phenylethanoid and a caffeic acid sugar ester. It can...
, isoverbascoside, and leucosceptoside, along with the known flavonoid
Flavonoid
Flavonoids , are a class of plant secondary metabolites....
apigenin 8-C-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside], namely, katchimoside.
Clinical trials
There have not been any clinical trialClinical trial
Clinical trials are a set of procedures in medical research and drug development that are conducted to allow safety and efficacy data to be collected for health interventions...
s as yet on the efficacy of clavohuasca or its most abundant eugenol
Eugenol
Eugenol is a phenylpropene, an allyl chain-substituted guaiacol. Eugenol is a member of the phenylpropanoids class of chemical compounds. It is a clear to pale yellow oily liquid extracted from certain essential oils especially from clove oil, nutmeg, cinnamon, basil and bay leaf. It is slightly...
derivative as a medicine.