Treaty of Paris (1810)
Encyclopedia
The Treaty of Paris, signed on January 6, 1810, ended the war
between France
and Sweden
after Sweden's defeat by Russia
, an ally of France, in the Finnish War
of 1808-1809. Russia had previously been an ally of Sweden in the Third and Fourth
Coalitions against France, but after Russia's defeat at Friedland
, she joined France and attacked Sweden so as to compel her to join Napoleon's
Continental System
. Indeed, the primary result of the treaty was Sweden's agreement to join the Continental System. Shortly after the treaty was signed, on August 21, 1810, one of Napoleon's marshals, Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte, was elected crown prince of Sweden, and he went on to found the House of Bernadotte, which remains the Royal House
of Sweden. The peace resulting from the treaty lasted until Napoleon's refusal to permit Sweden to annex Norway
, which was then under the sovereignty of Denmark
, an ally of France. This was followed in January of 1812 by French occupation of Swedish Pomerania for violation of the Continental System and, in April, Sweden's conclusion of the Treaty of Petersburg with Russia against France.
First War against Napoleon
The Pomeranian War or the First War against Napoleon, was the first involvement by Sweden in the Napoleonic Wars when the country joined the Third Coalition to assist in the overthrow of Napoleon.-Background:...
between France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
and Sweden
Sweden
Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....
after Sweden's defeat by Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
, an ally of France, in the Finnish War
Finnish War
The Finnish War was fought between Sweden and the Russian Empire from February 1808 to September 1809. As a result of the war, the eastern third of Sweden was established as the autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland within the Russian Empire...
of 1808-1809. Russia had previously been an ally of Sweden in the Third and Fourth
War of the Fourth Coalition
The Fourth Coalition against Napoleon's French Empire was defeated in a war spanning 1806–1807. Coalition partners included Prussia, Russia, Saxony, Sweden, and the United Kingdom....
Coalitions against France, but after Russia's defeat at Friedland
Battle of Friedland
The Battle of Friedland saw Napoleon I's French army decisively defeat Count von Bennigsen's Russian army about twenty-seven miles southeast of Königsberg...
, she joined France and attacked Sweden so as to compel her to join Napoleon's
Napoleon I of France
Napoleon Bonaparte was a French military and political leader during the latter stages of the French Revolution.As Napoleon I, he was Emperor of the French from 1804 to 1815...
Continental System
Continental System
The Continental System or Continental Blockade was the foreign policy of Napoleon I of France in his struggle against the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland during the Napoleonic Wars. It was a large-scale embargo against British trade, which began on November 21, 1806...
. Indeed, the primary result of the treaty was Sweden's agreement to join the Continental System. Shortly after the treaty was signed, on August 21, 1810, one of Napoleon's marshals, Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte, was elected crown prince of Sweden, and he went on to found the House of Bernadotte, which remains the Royal House
Royal House
A royal house or royal dynasty consists of at least one, but usually more monarchs who are related to one another, as well as their non-reigning descendants and spouses. Monarchs of the same realm who are not related to one another are usually deemed to belong to different houses, and each house is...
of Sweden. The peace resulting from the treaty lasted until Napoleon's refusal to permit Sweden to annex Norway
Norway
Norway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of and a population of about 4.9 million...
, which was then under the sovereignty of Denmark
Denmark
Denmark is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. The countries of Denmark and Greenland, as well as the Faroe Islands, constitute the Kingdom of Denmark . It is the southernmost of the Nordic countries, southwest of Sweden and south of Norway, and bordered to the south by Germany. Denmark...
, an ally of France. This was followed in January of 1812 by French occupation of Swedish Pomerania for violation of the Continental System and, in April, Sweden's conclusion of the Treaty of Petersburg with Russia against France.
See also
- Napoleonic WarsNapoleonic WarsThe Napoleonic Wars were a series of wars declared against Napoleon's French Empire by opposing coalitions that ran from 1803 to 1815. As a continuation of the wars sparked by the French Revolution of 1789, they revolutionised European armies and played out on an unprecedented scale, mainly due to...
- First War against NapoleonFirst War against NapoleonThe Pomeranian War or the First War against Napoleon, was the first involvement by Sweden in the Napoleonic Wars when the country joined the Third Coalition to assist in the overthrow of Napoleon.-Background:...
- Second War against Napoleon
- Treaty of Paris (1814)Treaty of Paris (1814)The Treaty of Paris, signed on 30 May 1814, ended the war between France and the Sixth Coalition, part of the Napoleonic Wars, following an armistice signed on 23 May between Charles, Count of Artois, and the allies...
- Treaty of Paris (1815)Treaty of Paris (1815)Treaty of Paris of 1815, was signed on 20 November 1815 following the defeat and second abdication of Napoleon Bonaparte. In February, Napoleon had escaped from his exile on Elba; he entered Paris on 20 March, beginning the Hundred Days of his restored rule. Four days after France's defeat in the...