Treaty 11, the last of the Numbered Treaties

Numbered Treaties

The numbered treaties are a series of eleven treaties signed between the aboriginal peoples in Canada and the reigning Monarch of Canada from 1871 to 1921. It was the Government of Canada who created the policy, commissioned the Treaty Commissioners and ratified the agreements...

, was an agreement established between 1921 and 1922 between King George V

George V of the United Kingdom

George V was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 6 May 1910 through the First World War until his death in 1936....

 and various First Nations

First Nations

First Nations is a term that collectively refers to various Aboriginal peoples in Canada who are neither Inuit nor Métis. There are currently over 630 recognised First Nations governments or bands spread across Canada, roughly half of which are in the provinces of Ontario and British Columbia. The...

 in what is today the Northwest Territories

Northwest Territories

The Northwest Territories is a federal territory of Canada.Located in northern Canada, the territory borders Canada's two other territories, Yukon to the west and Nunavut to the east, and three provinces: British Columbia to the southwest, and Alberta and Saskatchewan to the south...

.

Henry Anthony Conroy was appointed treaty commissioner and conducted the negotiations and signings in 1921. However, he was unable to gain signatures from some bands in the Liard district during that summer. Further complicating matters was Conroy's death in April 1922. Thomas William Harris, the Indian Agent

Indian Agent (Canada)

Indian Agent is the title of a position in Canada mandated by the Indian Act of that country. An Indian Agent was the chief administrator for Indian affairs in their respective districts, although the title now is largely in disuse in preference to Government Agent. The powers of the Indian...

 at Fort Simpson, Conroy's replacement, conducted the remaining treaty signings at Liard in July 1922. The signatories included Bishop Gabriel-Joseph-Elie Breynat of the Apostolic Vicariate of Mackenzie.

Timeline

• 27 June 1921: Fort Providence signing
• 11 July 1921: Fort Simpson signing
• 13 July 1921: Fort Wrigley signing
• 15 July 1921: Fort Norman
  Tulita
  Tulita, which in Dene language means "where the rivers or waters meet," is a hamlet in the Sahtu Region of the Northwest Territories, Canada. It was formerly known as Fort Norman, until 1 January 1996...
  
   signing
• 21 July 1921: Good Hope signing
• 26 July 1921: Arctic Red River signing
• 28 July 1921: Fort McPherson
  Fort McPherson, Northwest Territories
  Fort McPherson is a hamlet located in the Inuvik Region of the Northwest Territories, Canada. It is located on the east bank of the Peel River and is south of Inuvik on the Dempster Highway....
  
   signing
• 22 August 1921: Fort Rae signing
• 27 April 1922: treaty commissioner Henry Anthony Conroy dies
• 17 July 1922: Liard signing under new commissioner Harris

List of Treaty 11 First Nations

• Acho Dene Koe First Nation
  Acho Dene Koe First Nation
  The Acho Dene Koe First Nation is a band government of the Dene people, based at Fort Liard, Northwest Territories, Canada. Its main community is the Fort Liard Settlement, although it has territorial claims in British Columbia and Alberta and is a participant in the British Columbia Treaty Process...
  
  
• Aklavik First Nation
• Behdzi Ahda First Nation
• Dechi Laoti' First Nation
• Deh Gah Gotie Dene Council
• Deline First Nation
• Dog Rib Rae First Nation
• Fort Good Hope First Nation
• Gameti First Nation
• Gwicha Gwich'in First Nation
• Inuvik Native First Nation
• Jean Marie River First Nation
• Ka'a'gee Tu First Nation
• Liidli Kue First Nation
• Nahanni Butte First Nation
• Pehdzeh Ki First Nation
  Pehdzeh Ki First Nation
  The Pehdzeh Ki First Nation is a member of the Dehcho First Nations in the Northwest Territories of Canada. In September of 2004 David Moses was elected to a two-year term as Chief of the First Nation....
  
  
• Sambaa K'e (Trout Lake) Dene First Nation
• Tetlit Gwich'in First Nation
• Tulita Dene First Nation
• West Point First Nation
• Wha Ti First Nation

External links

• Treaty 11 NWT Historical Timeline, Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre
• Treaty 11 photograph of the treaty. Further down the page are pictures of Chief Jimmy Bruneau, one of the original signatories, in his Treaty Suit.
• Treaty 11 area map
• Treaty Guide to Treaty No. 11 (1921)