Railways

total:
2,750 km

standard gauge:
2,423 km of gauge

narrow gauge:
327 km of gauge (2000)

See also Hejaz railway.

Railway links with adjacent countries

Lebanon

Transport in Lebanon

Transportation in Lebanon varies greatly in quality from the ultra modern Beirut International Airport to poor road conditions in many parts of the country. The Lebanese civil war between 1975 and 1990 and the 2006 Lebanon War with Israel severely damaged the country's infrastructure.-Buses:Beirut...

 - defunct Israel

Israel

The State of Israel is a parliamentary republic located in the Middle East, along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea...

 - defunct Iraq

Transport in Iraq

Transport in Iraq consists of railways, highways, waterways, pipelines, ports and harbors, marines and airports.- Railways :total:2,032 kmstandard gauge:2,032 km...

 - yes, at Nurabiya/Rabiya, Jordan

Transport in Jordan

With the exception of a railway system, Jordan has a developed public and private transportation system. There are three international airports in Jordan. Railways are not commonly used for passenger transport in Jordan, the only passenger railway is that connecting Amman to Damascus in Syria.-...

 - yes - - in 2005, work commenced to build a line Turkey

Transport in Turkey

-Railways:The TCDD - Türkiye Devlet Demir Yolları possess 10,984 km of gauge, of which 2,336 km are electrified . In 2004, Marmaray project started on a rail tunnel under the Bosphorus straits....

 - yes, at Qamishli

Qamishli

Qamishli is a city in north eastern Syria on the border with Turkey, adjoining the Turkish city of Nusaybin, and close to Iraq. It is part of the Al-Hasakah Governorate, and is the administrative capital of the Al Qamishli District within the governorate....

/Nusaybin,

Developments

• 2008 - proposed joint rolling stock factory with Turkey
  Turkey
  Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe...
  
   at Aleppo
  Aleppo
  Aleppo is the largest city in Syria and the capital of Aleppo Governorate, the most populous Syrian governorate. With an official population of 2,301,570 , expanding to over 2.5 million in the metropolitan area, it is also one of the largest cities in the Levant...
  
  

• On 22 April 2005 Syria ratified the Agreement on International Railways in the Arab Mashriq
  Mashriq
  Mashriq or Mashreq is derived from the Arabic consonantal root sh-r-q relating to the east or the sunrise, and essentially means "east"...
  
  , which provides for the implementation of a variety of north-south and east-west links between the states of the region, including the restoration of direct rail links between Syria and Lebanon and Iraq.

• On 7 July 2005 the Syrian General Establishment for the Hejaz Railway announced that it had signed a contract worth US$ 54 million with a Lebanese company to build a railroad between Damascus and Damascus International Airport.

Highways

total:
36,377 km

paved:
26,299 km (including 877 km of expressways)

unpaved:
10,078 km (1999 est.)

Ports and Harbors

Main international seaport at Latakia

Port of Latakia

The Port of Latakia is the main seaport in Syria. Located on the Mediterranean Sea in the city of Latakia. The port is the main route in Syria for containers, though it also handles a good deal of metals, machinery, chemicals and food stuffs. In 2004, 5.1m tonnes were unloaded and 1m tonnes were...

 with additional ports at Baniyas

Baniyas

Baniyas is a city of northwestern Syria, located at the foot of the hill of Qalaat el-Marqab , 55 km to the south of Latakia and 35 km north of Tartous , and a Catholic titular see under the Latin name of Balanea, which is presently vacant.It is famous for its orchards...

, Jablah, and Tartus.

Merchant marine

total:
137 ships ( or over) totaling /

ships by type:
bulk carrier

Bulk carrier

A bulk carrier, bulk freighter, or bulker is a merchant ship specially designed to transport unpackaged bulk cargo, such as grains, coal, ore, and cement in its cargo holds. Since the first specialized bulk carrier was built in 1852, economic forces have fueled the development of these ships,...

 11, cargo ship

Cargo ship

A cargo ship or freighter is any sort of ship or vessel that carries cargo, goods, and materials from one port to another. Thousands of cargo carriers ply the world's seas and oceans each year; they handle the bulk of international trade...

 120, livestock carrier 5, roll-on/roll-off 1 (1999 est.)

Airports

104 (1999 est.)

• Aleppo International Airport
  Aleppo International Airport
  Aleppo International Airport is an international airport serving Aleppo, Syria. The airport serves as a secondary hub for Syrian Arab Airlines.The history of the airport dates back to the beginning of the 20th century...
  
  
• Bassel Al-Assad International Airport
  Bassel Al-Assad International Airport
  Bassel al-Assad International Airport is an airport serving Latakia, the principal port city of Syria. The airport is named for Bassel al-Assad , son of the late Syrian President Hafez al-Assad and brother of the current President Bashar al-Assad....
  
  
• Damascus International Airport
  Damascus International Airport
  Damascus International Airport is a public airport located in Damascus, the capital of Syria. Officially opened in the mid 1970s, DAM is Syria's busiest international airport. The airport is experiencing significant annual passenger growth rates...
  
  
• Deir ez-Zor Airport
  Deir ez-Zor Airport
  Deir ez-Zor Airport is an airport serving Deir ez-Zor, a city in northeastern Syria.Due to the city's close proximity to the Iraqi border and a recent Israeli military attack on a suspected nuclear facility nearby, foreign travellers to this airport can expect close attention by Syrian security...
  
  
• Kamishly Airport
  Kamishly Airport
  Kamishly Airport is an airport serving Kamishly , a city in northeastern Syria.-Facilities:The airport resides at an elevation of above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 03/21 with an asphalt surface measuring ....
  
  
• Palmyra Airport
  Palmyra Airport
  Palmyra Airport is an airport serving Palmyra, a city in Syria.-Facilities:The airport resides at an elevation of above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 08/26 with an asphalt surface measuring ....
  
  

Airports - with paved runways

total:
24

over 3,047 m:
5

2,438 to 3,047 m:
16

914 to 1,523 m:
1

under 914 m:
2 (1999 est.)

Airports - with unpaved runways

total:
80

1,524 to 2,437 m:
3

914 to 1,523 m:
14

under 914 m:
63 (1999 est.)