Trade in services statistics
Encyclopedia
Trade in services statistics are economic statistics
which detail international trade in services
. They received a great deal of focus at the advent of services negotiations which took place under the Uruguay Round, which became part of the General Agreement on Trade in Services
, one of the four principal pillars of the World Trade Organization
(WTO) trade treaty, also called the "WTO Agreement".
The General Agreement on Trade in Services
(GATS) Four Modes of Supply comprises:
Statistics which correspondent to the GATS Four Modes of Supply comprise quantitative data addressing:
Statistics which detail commercial services trade
taking place under the GATS are in a state of development in most countries. Most countries don't have information which details trade as per the GATS Four Modes of Supply, which makes trade negotiations in this realm difficult, especially for developing country WTO members. The United States Bureau of Economic analysis produces rich statistics in this area, but they do not address the GATS Four Modes of Supply directly, rather, they address only cross-border services, generally defined, and statistics related to FDI. FATS, are collected by the United States BEA, and several other OECD countries.
Statistics
Statistics is the study of the collection, organization, analysis, and interpretation of data. It deals with all aspects of this, including the planning of data collection in terms of the design of surveys and experiments....
which detail international trade in services
Trade in services
Trade in Services refers to the sale and delivery of an intangible product, called a service, between a producer and consumer. Trade in services takes place between a producer and consumer that are, in legal terms, based in different countries, or economies, this is called International Trade in...
. They received a great deal of focus at the advent of services negotiations which took place under the Uruguay Round, which became part of the General Agreement on Trade in Services
General Agreement on Trade in Services
The General Agreement on Trade in Services is a treaty of the World Trade Organization that entered into force in January 1995 as a result of the Uruguay Round negotiations...
, one of the four principal pillars of the World Trade Organization
World Trade Organization
The World Trade Organization is an organization that intends to supervise and liberalize international trade. The organization officially commenced on January 1, 1995 under the Marrakech Agreement, replacing the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade , which commenced in 1948...
(WTO) trade treaty, also called the "WTO Agreement".
The General Agreement on Trade in Services
General Agreement on Trade in Services
The General Agreement on Trade in Services is a treaty of the World Trade Organization that entered into force in January 1995 as a result of the Uruguay Round negotiations...
(GATS) Four Modes of Supply comprises:
- Mode 1 Cross border trade, which is defined as delivery of a service from the territory of one country into the territory of other country;
- Mode 2 Consumption abroad - this mode covers supply of a service of one country to the service consumer of any other country;
- Mode 3 Commercial presence - which covers services provided by a service supplier of one country in the territory of any other country, i.e., foreign direct investment undertaken by a service provider;
- Mode 4 Presence of natural persons - which covers services provided by a service supplier of one country through the presence of natural persons in the territory another economy.
Statistics which correspondent to the GATS Four Modes of Supply comprise quantitative data addressing:
- Trade in servicesTrade in servicesTrade in Services refers to the sale and delivery of an intangible product, called a service, between a producer and consumer. Trade in services takes place between a producer and consumer that are, in legal terms, based in different countries, or economies, this is called International Trade in...
, which is defined as delivery of a service from the territory of one country into the territory of other country, specific disaggregation as per GATS Four Modes of Supply may not apply, i.e., this depends on decisions taken by each country; - Foreign direct investmentForeign direct investmentForeign direct investment or foreign investment refers to the net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting management interest in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor.. It is the sum of equity capital,other long-term capital, and short-term capital as shown in...
(FDI) Cross-border foreign investment as per International Monetary FundInternational Monetary FundThe International Monetary Fund is an organization of 187 countries, working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world...
guidelines. Roughly correspondent to Mode 3 - Foreign Affiliate Trade StatisticsForeign Affiliate Trade StatisticsForeign affiliate trade statistics , also known as transnational corporation data details the economic operations of foreign direct investment-based enterprises....
(FATS) Statistics, or corporate data detailing the operations of foreign direct investmentForeign direct investmentForeign direct investment or foreign investment refers to the net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting management interest in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor.. It is the sum of equity capital,other long-term capital, and short-term capital as shown in...
-based enterprises, including sales, expenditures, profits, value-added, inter- and intra-firm trade, exports and imports; Roughly correspondent to Mode 3
Statistics which detail commercial services trade
Trade in services
Trade in Services refers to the sale and delivery of an intangible product, called a service, between a producer and consumer. Trade in services takes place between a producer and consumer that are, in legal terms, based in different countries, or economies, this is called International Trade in...
taking place under the GATS are in a state of development in most countries. Most countries don't have information which details trade as per the GATS Four Modes of Supply, which makes trade negotiations in this realm difficult, especially for developing country WTO members. The United States Bureau of Economic analysis produces rich statistics in this area, but they do not address the GATS Four Modes of Supply directly, rather, they address only cross-border services, generally defined, and statistics related to FDI. FATS, are collected by the United States BEA, and several other OECD countries.
UN Manual on Services Statistics
- http://unstats.un.org/unsd/tradeserv/manual.htmUN Manual on Statistics of International Trade in Services (from the UNUnited NationsThe United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace...
website)]
Statistical databases
- OECD statistics on trade in services database
- OECD statistics on value added and employment
- Eurostat database: Industry, Trade and Services
- US BEA page on international economic accounts
- JETRO database for FDI and trade in goods and services
- UNCTAD FDI/TNC database
- UNCTAD World Investment Directory online
- ITC/UNCTAD/WTO Trade Map: Bilateral trade statistics and custom tariff by country and product
- ITC/UNCTAD Investment Map: Foreign direct investment together with foreign affiliates, international trade and tariffs
- ITC: trade in services statistics by country and service