Tonalá, Jalisco
Encyclopedia
| Tonalá | |
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| Coat of Arms Coat of arms A coat of arms is a unique heraldic design on a shield or escutcheon or on a surcoat or tabard used to cover and protect armour and to identify the wearer. Thus the term is often stated as "coat-armour", because it was anciently displayed on the front of a coat of cloth... |
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| Location | |
 Location in the State of Jalisco Jalisco Jalisco officially Estado Libre y Soberano de Jalisco is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico. It is located in Western Mexico and divided in 125 municipalities and its capital city is Guadalajara.It is one of the more important states... |
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| Country Country A country is a region legally identified as a distinct entity in political geography. A country may be an independent sovereign state or one that is occupied by another state, as a non-sovereign or formerly sovereign political division, or a geographic region associated with a previously... |
Mexico Mexico The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of... |
| State States of Mexico The United Mexican States is a federal republic formed by 32 federal entities .According to the Constitution of 1917, the states of the federation are free and sovereign. Each state has their own congress and constitution, while the Federal District has only limited autonomy with a local Congress... |
Jalisco Jalisco Jalisco officially Estado Libre y Soberano de Jalisco is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico. It is located in Western Mexico and divided in 125 municipalities and its capital city is Guadalajara.It is one of the more important states... |
| Region Region Region is most commonly found as a term used in terrestrial and astrophysics sciences also an area, notably among the different sub-disciplines of geography, studied by regional geographers. Regions consist of subregions that contain clusters of like areas that are distinctive by their uniformity... |
Región Centro |
| Metropolitan Area Metropolitan area The term metropolitan area refers to a region consisting of a densely populated urban core and its less-populated surrounding territories, sharing industry, infrastructure, and housing. A metropolitan area usually encompasses multiple jurisdictions and municipalities: neighborhoods, townships,... |
Guadalajara Metropolitan Area Guadalajara Metropolitan Area The Guadalajara Metropolitan Area is the most populous metropolitan area of the Mexican state of Jalisco and the second largest in the country after Greater Mexico City... |
| Municipality Municipality A municipality is essentially an urban administrative division having corporate status and usually powers of self-government. It can also be used to mean the governing body of a municipality. A municipality is a general-purpose administrative subdivision, as opposed to a special-purpose district... • Neighborhoods |
Tonalá 193 |
| Mayor Mayor In many countries, a Mayor is the highest ranking officer in the municipal government of a town or a large urban city.... |
Juan Antonio Mateos Nuño (2010–2012) |
| Political party Political party A political party is a political organization that typically seeks to influence government policy, usually by nominating their own candidates and trying to seat them in political office. Parties participate in electoral campaigns, educational outreach or protest actions... |
PRI |
| Geography | |
| City Area Area Area is a quantity that expresses the extent of a two-dimensional surface or shape in the plane. Area can be understood as the amount of material with a given thickness that would be necessary to fashion a model of the shape, or the amount of paint necessary to cover the surface with a single coat... |
119.6 km² |
| Metro Area | 500 km² |
| Elevation Elevation The elevation of a geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point, most commonly a reference geoid, a mathematical model of the Earth's sea level as an equipotential gravitational surface .... |
1540 Mts |
| Coordinates Geographic coordinate system A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system that enables every location on the Earth to be specified by a set of numbers. The coordinates are often chosen such that one of the numbers represent vertical position, and two or three of the numbers represent horizontal position... : |
20°37′N 103°14′W |
| Population | |
| City Population Population A population is all the organisms that both belong to the same group or species and live in the same geographical area. The area that is used to define a sexual population is such that inter-breeding is possible between any pair within the area and more probable than cross-breeding with individuals... (2005) |
374,258 city; 408,729 municipality |
| Metro Population Population A population is all the organisms that both belong to the same group or species and live in the same geographical area. The area that is used to define a sexual population is such that inter-breeding is possible between any pair within the area and more probable than cross-breeding with individuals... (2005) |
4,095,853 (Rank 2) |
| City Density Population density Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and particularly to humans... |
3,784/km² |
| Metro Density Population density Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and particularly to humans... |
8,200/km² |
| General Information | |
| Demonym Demonym A demonym , also referred to as a gentilic, is a name for a resident of a locality. A demonym is usually – though not always – derived from the name of the locality; thus, the demonym for the people of England is English, and the demonym for the people of Italy is Italian, yet, in english, the one... |
Tonalteca |
| Time Zone Time zone A time zone is a region on Earth that has a uniform standard time for legal, commercial, and social purposes. In order for the same clock time to always correspond to the same portion of the day as the Earth rotates , different places on the Earth need to have different clock times... |
CST Central Time zone In North America, the Central Time Zone refers to national time zones which observe standard time by subtracting six hours from UTC , and daylight saving, or summer time by subtracting five hours... (UTC-6) |
| • Summer | CDT Central Time zone In North America, the Central Time Zone refers to national time zones which observe standard time by subtracting six hours from UTC , and daylight saving, or summer time by subtracting five hours... (UTC-5) |
| Postal Code Postal code A postal code is a series of letters and/or digits appended to a postal address for the purpose of sorting mail. Once postal codes were introduced, other applications became possible.In February 2005, 117 of the 190 member countries of the Universal Postal Union had postal code systems... |
45400 - 45429 |
| Area Code | +52 (Mexico) Mexico The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of... / +33 (Jalisco) Jalisco Jalisco officially Estado Libre y Soberano de Jalisco is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico. It is located in Western Mexico and divided in 125 municipalities and its capital city is Guadalajara.It is one of the more important states... |
| Website - H. Ayuntamiento de Tonalá | |
Tonalá (tonaˈla) is a city
City
A city is a relatively large and permanent settlement. Although there is no agreement on how a city is distinguished from a town within general English language meanings, many cities have a particular administrative, legal, or historical status based on local law.For example, in the U.S...
and its surrounding municipality
Municipality
A municipality is essentially an urban administrative division having corporate status and usually powers of self-government. It can also be used to mean the governing body of a municipality. A municipality is a general-purpose administrative subdivision, as opposed to a special-purpose district...
within the Guadalajara Metropolitan Area
Guadalajara Metropolitan Area
The Guadalajara Metropolitan Area is the most populous metropolitan area of the Mexican state of Jalisco and the second largest in the country after Greater Mexico City...
in the state of Jalisco
Jalisco
Jalisco officially Estado Libre y Soberano de Jalisco is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico. It is located in Western Mexico and divided in 125 municipalities and its capital city is Guadalajara.It is one of the more important states...
in Mexico
Mexico
The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of...
.
The city had a 2005 census population of 374,258 and the municipality had a population of 408,729 and an area of 119.58 km² (46.17 sq mi). The municipality lies adjacent to the east side of Guadalajara. The Guadalajara metropolitan area, which includes eight municipalities, had a population of 4,095,853, the second-largest urban concentration in Mexico after Mexico City
Mexico City
Mexico City is the Federal District , capital of Mexico and seat of the federal powers of the Mexican Union. It is a federal entity within Mexico which is not part of any one of the 31 Mexican states but belongs to the federation as a whole...
. The city and the municipality both rank fourth in the state of Jalisco in population, after Guadalajara, Zapopan
Zapopan
Zapopan is a city and municipality located in the Mexican state of Jalisco, which is part of the Guadalajara Metropolitan Area. It is best known as being the home of the Virgin of Zapopan, an image of the Virgin Mary which was made in the 16th century. This image has been credited with a number of...
, and Tlaquepaque
Tlaquepaque
Tlaquepaque , historically San Pedro or Georgetown, is a city and the surrounding municipality in the Mexican state of Jalisco. During the 20th century it was absorbed by the outward spread of the state capital and is now a neighbourhood of the Guadalajara conurbation, lying only a few kilometres...
.
On two days a week (Thursdays and Sundays) there is a giant street market covering several of the main streets, with numerous vendors of ceramic
Ceramic
A ceramic is an inorganic, nonmetallic solid prepared by the action of heat and subsequent cooling. Ceramic materials may have a crystalline or partly crystalline structure, or may be amorphous...
s, pottery
Pottery
Pottery is the material from which the potteryware is made, of which major types include earthenware, stoneware and porcelain. The place where such wares are made is also called a pottery . Pottery also refers to the art or craft of the potter or the manufacture of pottery...
, glass objects and all kinds of handcrafted items and novelties. Most of the art found on Tlaquepaque
Tlaquepaque
Tlaquepaque , historically San Pedro or Georgetown, is a city and the surrounding municipality in the Mexican state of Jalisco. During the 20th century it was absorbed by the outward spread of the state capital and is now a neighbourhood of the Guadalajara conurbation, lying only a few kilometres...
and Guadalajara was manufactured here.
Due to the clay soil in the area, pottery or alfareria has been a traditional occupation for centuries.
The noted Mexican artist Sergio Bustamante
Sergio Bustamante
Sergio Bustamante is a Mexican Artist and sculptor. Though born in Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico, Sergio Bustamante has lived in the Guadalajara area since early childhood...
is reported to have his primary studio in the Tonalá area, with his main gallery being located in nearby Tlaquepaque
Tlaquepaque
Tlaquepaque , historically San Pedro or Georgetown, is a city and the surrounding municipality in the Mexican state of Jalisco. During the 20th century it was absorbed by the outward spread of the state capital and is now a neighbourhood of the Guadalajara conurbation, lying only a few kilometres...
.
Portrait artist and political activist Jesús Guerrero Galván
Jesús Guerrero Galván
-Biography:Guerrero Galván was born in Tonalá, Jalisco, in 1910. He studied at the San Antonio Art School in Texas and in 1928 he moved to Guadalajara, where he made his first mural, to study at the Escuela de Pintura Libre. He lived in Mexico City in the 1930s and became quite known for his...
(1910–1973) was born here.
History
A native group, the Tonaltecas, lived on this area surrounding the Ixtépete or Cerro de la Reina ("The Queen's Hill"). They spoke NahuatlNahuatl
Nahuatl is thought to mean "a good, clear sound" This language name has several spellings, among them náhuatl , Naoatl, Nauatl, Nahuatl, Nawatl. In a back formation from the name of the language, the ethnic group of Nahuatl speakers are called Nahua...
mixed with their own indigenous vocabulary. Indeed, the word "Tonala" comes from the Nahuatl Tonallan, meaning "place from which the sun emerges".
Tonalá was founded by Zapotec Indians who eventually intermarried with other tribes including the Toltecs who succeeded in imposing their customs, religion and military techniques, among other things. Also there came to the region Nahualteca tribes.
During the War of Salitre (1480–1510) the Purépecha invaded the lands of the Tonalteca kingdom. The monarch of Tonalá amassed a powerful army that faced and defeated the invaders. In appreciation for their service the warriors who fought against the Purépecha were given the land of Tlajomulco.
When the Spanish arrived in 1530 Tonallán was ruled by a woman named Cihualpilli Tzapotzinco and had as tributaries the lords of Tlaquepaque
Tlaquepaque
Tlaquepaque , historically San Pedro or Georgetown, is a city and the surrounding municipality in the Mexican state of Jalisco. During the 20th century it was absorbed by the outward spread of the state capital and is now a neighbourhood of the Guadalajara conurbation, lying only a few kilometres...
, Tololotlán, Coyol, Mexquitán, Tzalatitán, Atemajac, Tetla, Tateposco, Tlaxomulco, Cuescomatitán, Coyutla and Toluquilla.
Those who chose to receive the Spaniards in a peaceful manner gave them some supplies and other native materials. The Conquistador Nuño de Guzmán ordered the natives to pay obedience to the king of Spain but his orders were met with a great outcry and a rain of arrows by those who did not welcome the invaders. In the midst of the fighting and resistance the Indian rebels became entrenched on a hill. As a result, Guzmán ordered an assault dividing his troops into three sections attacking the hill. After several hours of fighting the Spanish finally imposed their military strength, but not before they suffered many losses.
After this confrontation, Nuño de Guzmán took possession of the region of Tonallán on March 25, 1530, making the sovereign Cihualpilli swear allegiance to the King of Spain. Afterward he immediately sent orders for a temple to be built on the hill where they had just defeated the Indians. This temple he called "Victoria de la Cruz" (Victory of the Cross) imposing the badge of Christianity which could be seen from afar.
During the Spanish domination Tonallán was turned into a township of the new Kingdom of Nueva Galicia
Nueva Galicia
El Nuevo Reino de Galicia or Nueva Galicia was an autonomous kingdom of the Viceroyalty of New Spain. It was named after Galicia in Spain...
called Santiago de Tonalá.
For about 18 months Tonalá was the second settlement of Guadalajara
Guadalajara
Guadalajara may refer to:In Mexico:*Guadalajara, Jalisco, the capital of the state of Jalisco and second largest city in Mexico**Guadalajara Metropolitan Area*University of Guadalajara, a public university in Guadalajara, Jalisco...
which changed its location three times before finally settling in its present location. The village was settled from August 8, 1533 until February 1535.
By 1621, the towns of Tonalá, Tololotlán, San Martín
Municipality of San Martín de Hidalgo, Jalisco
The Municipality of San Martín de Hidalgo is a municipality in the Mexican state of Jalisco, Mexico. Bordering the adjacent municipalities of Teuchitlán on the north, Ameca on the west, Tecolotlán on the south and Cocula on the east....
, San Gaspar
San Gaspar de los Reyes
San Gaspar de los Reyes is a town that makes up an important part of the Jalostotitlan Municipality in central Mexico....
and San Andrés
San Andrés Cohamiata
San Andrés Cohamiata is an autonomously governed Wixárika village located in Mezquitic, Jalisco, Mexico. The village is called Tatei Kié in the native Wixárika language....
, were religious seats of teaching and doctrines of Augustinians
Augustinians
The term Augustinians, named after Saint Augustine of Hippo , applies to two separate and unrelated types of Catholic religious orders:...
who lived in Tonalá.
On May 13, 1889 Tonalá which had belonged to Zapotlanejo
Zapotlanejo
Zapotlanejo is a town and municipality in the Mexican state of Jalisco.According to the 2005 census, there were 55,827 inhabitants in the municipality. The municipality has a territorial extension of 643.02 km2.-Toponomy:...
department since 1824 became a member of the San Pedro department. But since September 17, 1873 Tonalá has been mentioned as being its own municipality.