Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases
Encyclopedia
The matrix metalloproteinase
s are inhibited by specific endogenous tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), which comprise a family of four protease inhibitors: TIMP1
, TIMP2
, TIMP3
and TIMP4
.
Overall, all MMP
s are inhibited by TIMPs once they are activated but the gelatinase
s (MMP-2
and MMP-9
) can form complexes with TIMPs when the enzymes are in the latent form.
The complex of latent MMP-2 (pro-MMP-2)with TIMP-2 serves to facilitate the activation of pro-MMP-2 at the cell surface by MT1-MMP (MMP-14
), a membrane-anchored MMP.
The role of the pro-MMP-9/TIMP-1 complex is still unknown.
Activated by TGF-Beta
Matrix metalloproteinase
Matrix metalloproteinases are zinc-dependent endopeptidases; other family members are adamalysins, serralysins, and astacins. The MMPs belong to a larger family of proteases known as the metzincin superfamily....
s are inhibited by specific endogenous tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), which comprise a family of four protease inhibitors: TIMP1
TIMP1
TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1, also known as TIMP1, a tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases, is a glycoprotein that is expressed from the several tissues of organisms....
, TIMP2
TIMP2
TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 2, a tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases, also known as TIMP2, is a human gene, thought to be a metastasis suppressor.-Interactions:TIMP2 has been shown to interact with MMP14 and MMP2.-External Links:...
, TIMP3
TIMP3
Metalloproteinase inhibitor 3 is an protein that in humans is encoded by the TIMP3 gene.This gene belongs to the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases gene family. The proteins encoded by this gene family are inhibitors of the matrix metalloproteinases, a group of peptidases involved in...
and TIMP4
TIMP4
Metalloproteinase inhibitor 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the TIMP4 gene.-External Links:* The MEROPS online database for peptidases and their inhibitors:...
.
Overall, all MMP
Matrix metalloproteinase
Matrix metalloproteinases are zinc-dependent endopeptidases; other family members are adamalysins, serralysins, and astacins. The MMPs belong to a larger family of proteases known as the metzincin superfamily....
s are inhibited by TIMPs once they are activated but the gelatinase
Gelatinase
In biology and chemistry, gelatinase is a proteolytic enzyme that allows a living organism to hydrolyse gelatin into its sub-compounds that can cross the cell membrane and be used by the organism...
s (MMP-2
MMP2
72 kDa type IV collagenase also known as matrix metalloproteinase-2 and gelatinase A is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MMP2 gene....
and MMP-9
MMP9
Matrix metallopeptidase 9 , also known as 92 kDa type IV collagenase, 92 kDa gelatinase or gelatinase B , is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MMP9 gene.- Function :...
) can form complexes with TIMPs when the enzymes are in the latent form.
The complex of latent MMP-2 (pro-MMP-2)with TIMP-2 serves to facilitate the activation of pro-MMP-2 at the cell surface by MT1-MMP (MMP-14
MMP14
Matrix metalloproteinase-14 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MMP14 gene.Proteins of the matrix metalloproteinase family are involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix in normal physiological processes, such as embryonic development, reproduction, and tissue remodeling, as well...
), a membrane-anchored MMP.
The role of the pro-MMP-9/TIMP-1 complex is still unknown.
Activated by TGF-Beta