Tiletamine
Encyclopedia
Tiletamine is a dissociative anesthetic and pharmacologically
classified as an NMDA receptor antagonist
. It is related chemically and pharmacologically to other anesthetics in this family such as ketamine
and phencyclidine
. Tiletamine hydrochloride exists as odourless white crystals.
It is used in veterinary medicine
in the compound product Telazol (tiletamine/zolazepam
, 50 mg/ml of each in 5 ml vial) as an injectable anesthetic. It is sometimes used in combination with xylazine
(Rompun) to tranquilize large mammal
s such as bear
s and horse
s. Telazol is the only commercially available tiletamine product in the United States
.
It is contraindicated in patients of an ASA score
of III or greater and in animals with CNS signs, hyperthyroidism, cardiac disease, pancreatic or renal disease, pregnancy, glaucoma, or penetrating eye injuries.
Tiletamine products are classified as Schedule III controlled substance
s in the United States.
Pharmacology
Pharmacology is the branch of medicine and biology concerned with the study of drug action. More specifically, it is the study of the interactions that occur between a living organism and chemicals that affect normal or abnormal biochemical function...
classified as an NMDA receptor antagonist
NMDA receptor antagonist
NMDA receptor antagonists are a class of anesthetics that work to antagonize, or inhibit the action of, the N-methyl d-aspartate receptor . They are used as anesthesia for animals and, less commonly, for humans; the state of anesthesia they induce is referred to as dissociative anesthesia...
. It is related chemically and pharmacologically to other anesthetics in this family such as ketamine
Ketamine
Ketamine is a drug used in human and veterinary medicine. Its hydrochloride salt is sold as Ketanest, Ketaset, and Ketalar. Pharmacologically, ketamine is classified as an NMDA receptor antagonist...
and phencyclidine
Phencyclidine
Phencyclidine , commonly initialized as PCP and known colloquially as angel dust, is a recreational dissociative drug...
. Tiletamine hydrochloride exists as odourless white crystals.
It is used in veterinary medicine
Veterinary medicine
Veterinary Medicine is the branch of science that deals with the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of disease, disorder and injury in non-human animals...
in the compound product Telazol (tiletamine/zolazepam
Zolazepam
Zolazepam was discoverd by a team at Parke-Davis in the 1960s. is a pyrazolodiazepinone derivative structurally related to the benzodiazepine drugs, which is used as an anaesthetic for a wide range of animals in veterinary medicine...
, 50 mg/ml of each in 5 ml vial) as an injectable anesthetic. It is sometimes used in combination with xylazine
Xylazine
Xylazine is a drug that is used for sedation, anesthesia, muscle relaxation, and analgesia in animals such as horses, cattle and other non-human mammals. An analogue of clonidine, it is an agonist at the α2 class of adrenergic receptor....
(Rompun) to tranquilize large mammal
Mammal
Mammals are members of a class of air-breathing vertebrate animals characterised by the possession of endothermy, hair, three middle ear bones, and mammary glands functional in mothers with young...
s such as bear
Bear
Bears are mammals of the family Ursidae. Bears are classified as caniforms, or doglike carnivorans, with the pinnipeds being their closest living relatives. Although there are only eight living species of bear, they are widespread, appearing in a wide variety of habitats throughout the Northern...
s and horse
Horse
The horse is one of two extant subspecies of Equus ferus, or the wild horse. It is a single-hooved mammal belonging to the taxonomic family Equidae. The horse has evolved over the past 45 to 55 million years from a small multi-toed creature into the large, single-toed animal of today...
s. Telazol is the only commercially available tiletamine product in the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
.
It is contraindicated in patients of an ASA score
ASA score
The ASA physical status classification system is a system for assessing the fitness of patients before surgery. In 1963 the American Society of Anesthesiologists adopted the five-category physical status classification system; a sixth category was later added...
of III or greater and in animals with CNS signs, hyperthyroidism, cardiac disease, pancreatic or renal disease, pregnancy, glaucoma, or penetrating eye injuries.
Tiletamine products are classified as Schedule III controlled substance
Controlled substance
A controlled substance is generally a drug or chemical whose manufacture, possession, or use are regulated by a government. This may include illegal drugs and prescription medications ....
s in the United States.
See also
- ArylcyclohexylamineArylcyclohexylamineArylcyclohexylamines, also known as arylcyclohexamines or arylcyclohexanamines, are a chemical class of pharmaceutical, designer, and experimental drugs.- History :...
- Dissociatives
- NMDA receptor antagonistNMDA receptor antagonistNMDA receptor antagonists are a class of anesthetics that work to antagonize, or inhibit the action of, the N-methyl d-aspartate receptor . They are used as anesthesia for animals and, less commonly, for humans; the state of anesthesia they induce is referred to as dissociative anesthesia...
- KetamineKetamineKetamine is a drug used in human and veterinary medicine. Its hydrochloride salt is sold as Ketanest, Ketaset, and Ketalar. Pharmacologically, ketamine is classified as an NMDA receptor antagonist...