n grandmaster, and World Chess Champion from 1963 to 1969. He was nicknamed "Iron Tigran" due to his playing style because of his almost impenetrable defence, which emphasised safety above all else. He was a Candidate for the World Championship
on eight occasions (1953, 1956, 1959, 1962, 1971, 1974, 1977 and 1980). He won the world championship in 1963 (against Botvinnik
), successfully defended it in 1966 (against Spassky
), and lost it in 1969 (to Spassky).
"One must beware of unnecessary excitement."
"Some consider that when I play I am excessively cautious, but it seems to me that the question may be a different one. I try to avoid chance. Those who rely on chance should play cards or roulette. Chess is something quite different."
"They say my chess games should be more interesting. I could be more interesting - and also lose."
"It does not really matter, as long as it is an extra one." (on which was his favorite chess piece)
"I know I am not on form when the best move is not the one that first comes to my mind."