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Throw (grappling)
Encyclopedia
A throw is a martial arts
term for a grappling
technique that involves off-balancing or lifting an opponent, and tossing them to the ground in Japanese martial arts
referred to as nage-waza, 投げ技, "throwing technique". Throws usually involve a rotating motion and the combatant performing the throw disconnects with the opponent, and ends balanced and on the feet as opposed to a takedown
where both finish on the ground. Throws can however also be followed into a top position, in which case the person executing the throw does not disconnect with the opponent. Certain throwing techniques called sacrifice throws (sutemi-waza, 捨身技, "sacrifice technique") involve putting oneself in a potentially disadvantageous position, such as on the ground, to execute a throw.
Most throws are named by describing the circumvention point of the throw (e.g. hip throw, shoulder throw, wrist throw etc.), or the nature of effect of the throw on the opponent (e.g. heaven and earth throw, valley drop, body drop) with variations are given descriptive names. The names used here are attributed to Jujutsu throws (and hence judo/aikido throws) are descriptions in Japanese. It is conventional for the Japanese to name their throws in this manner, and many western martial art dojo's have given English names to the throws feeling that it is easier for English speaking students to remember the names of throws if they can associate the throws by the descriptive nature of the throw name.
In judo, throws are divided into 6 categories—hand techniques, leg techniques, hip techniques, shoulder techniques, rear sacrifice throws, and side sacrifice throws.
referred to as seoi-nage (背負投, "shoulder throw"), while a throw which involves dropping to the ground and pulling the opponent over the shoulder is referred to as seoi-otoshi (背負落, "shoulder drop"). Seoi-nage is one of the most used throws in elite Judo
competition; one study indicated that approximately 56% of judokas implemented the technique.
A common shoulder throw is judo's Ippon Seoinage
(literally, 'one armed shoulder carry' but commonly referred to as shoulder throw) or the similar flying mare in wrestling
.
, Kouchi Gari
, Osoto Gari
and Kosoto Gari
there are similar techniques in wrestling, including the inside and outside trips.
Somewhat similar to leg reaps, leg trips involve a hooking or lifting action with the attacking leg instead of a reaping action. The border between the two types of throw can be unclear, and many throws will exhibit characteristics of both reaps and trips, however, the difference is that a reap is one smooth move, like that of a scythe, whereas a hook is pulling the opponents leg up first, and then swinging it away. Common leg trips are hooking variations of Ouchi Gari and Osoto Gari along with Kosoto Gake
, referred to as inside and outside trips in Western wrestling.
or Sumo
they are called koshinage.
, judo's Te Guruma
or sukui nage (both classified as hand throws), and the suplex from wrestling, in which the attacker lifts their opponents body vertically and throws the opponent over their own center of gravity while executing a back fall (usually accompanied by a back arch). Variations of the suplex are common in most forms of wrestling
, and sometimes used in Mixed Martial Arts
competition; in Judo the ura-nage throw is a version of the suplex, but it is classified as a sacrifice throw.
equivalent are given.
Martial arts
Martial arts are extensive systems of codified practices and traditions of combat, practiced for a variety of reasons, including self-defense, competition, physical health and fitness, as well as mental and spiritual development....
term for a grappling
Grappling
Grappling refers to techniques, maneuvers, and counters applied to an opponent in order to gain a physical advantage, such as improving relative position, escaping, submitting, or injury to the opponent. Grappling is a general term that covers techniques used in many disciplines, styles and martial...
technique that involves off-balancing or lifting an opponent, and tossing them to the ground in Japanese martial arts
Japanese martial arts
Japanese martial arts refers to the enormous variety of martial arts native to Japan. At least three Japanese terms are often used interchangeably with the English phrase "Japanese martial arts": , literally meaning "martial way", , which has no perfect translation but means something like science,...
referred to as nage-waza, 投げ技, "throwing technique". Throws usually involve a rotating motion and the combatant performing the throw disconnects with the opponent, and ends balanced and on the feet as opposed to a takedown
Takedown (grappling)
A takedown is a martial arts and combat sports term for a technique that involves off-balancing an opponent and bringing him or her to the ground, typically with the combatant performing the takedown landing on top. The process of quickly advancing on an opponent and attempting a takedown is known...
where both finish on the ground. Throws can however also be followed into a top position, in which case the person executing the throw does not disconnect with the opponent. Certain throwing techniques called sacrifice throws (sutemi-waza, 捨身技, "sacrifice technique") involve putting oneself in a potentially disadvantageous position, such as on the ground, to execute a throw.
Types of throws
There are several major types of throw, among Asian martial arts, judo has the most developed throwing techniques and throws are considered its specialty.Most throws are named by describing the circumvention point of the throw (e.g. hip throw, shoulder throw, wrist throw etc.), or the nature of effect of the throw on the opponent (e.g. heaven and earth throw, valley drop, body drop) with variations are given descriptive names. The names used here are attributed to Jujutsu throws (and hence judo/aikido throws) are descriptions in Japanese. It is conventional for the Japanese to name their throws in this manner, and many western martial art dojo's have given English names to the throws feeling that it is easier for English speaking students to remember the names of throws if they can associate the throws by the descriptive nature of the throw name.
In judo, throws are divided into 6 categories—hand techniques, leg techniques, hip techniques, shoulder techniques, rear sacrifice throws, and side sacrifice throws.
Shoulder throws
A shoulder throw (a type of hand throw in judo) involves throwing an opponent over the shoulder. A shoulder throw which lifts the opponent from the ground is in JapaneseJapanese language
is a language spoken by over 130 million people in Japan and in Japanese emigrant communities. It is a member of the Japonic language family, which has a number of proposed relationships with other languages, none of which has gained wide acceptance among historical linguists .Japanese is an...
referred to as seoi-nage (背負投, "shoulder throw"), while a throw which involves dropping to the ground and pulling the opponent over the shoulder is referred to as seoi-otoshi (背負落, "shoulder drop"). Seoi-nage is one of the most used throws in elite Judo
Judo
is a modern martial art and combat sport created in Japan in 1882 by Jigoro Kano. Its most prominent feature is its competitive element, where the object is to either throw or takedown one's opponent to the ground, immobilize or otherwise subdue one's opponent with a grappling maneuver, or force an...
competition; one study indicated that approximately 56% of judokas implemented the technique.
A common shoulder throw is judo's Ippon Seoinage
Ippon Seoinage
is a throw in judo. It is one of the nineteen accepted techniques in Shinmeisho No Waza of Kodokan Judo. It is classified as a hand throwing technique, Te-waza.-Professional wrestling:...
(literally, 'one armed shoulder carry' but commonly referred to as shoulder throw) or the similar flying mare in wrestling
Wrestling
Wrestling is a form of grappling type techniques such as clinch fighting, throws and takedowns, joint locks, pins and other grappling holds. A wrestling bout is a physical competition, between two competitors or sparring partners, who attempt to gain and maintain a superior position...
.
Leg throws, reaps and trips
In a leg reap, the attacker uses one of their legs to reap one or both of their opponent's legs off the ground. Generally the opponent's weight is placed on the leg that is reaped away. This coupled with the attacker controlling the opponent's body with their hands causes the opponent to fall over. Common leg reaps are judo's Ouchi GariOuchi Gari
is one of the original 40 throws of Judo as developed by Kanō Jigorō. It belongs to the first group,Dai Ikkyo,of the traditional throwing list, Gokyo , of Kodokan Judo.It is also included in the current 67 Throws of Kodokan Judo.It is classified as a foot technique, Ashi-Waza.- Technique...
, Kouchi Gari
Kouchi Gari
,is one of the original 40 throws of Judoas developed by Jigoro Kano.It belongs to the second group,Dai Nikyo,of the traditional throwing list, Gokyo , of Kodokan Judo.It is also part of the current 67 Throws of Kodokan Judo....
, Osoto Gari
Osoto Gari
is one of the original 40 throws of Judoas developed by Jigoro Kano. It belongs to the first group, Dai Ikkyo, of the traditional throwing list, Gokyo , of Kodokan Judo. It is also included in the current 67 Throws of Kodokan Judo...
and Kosoto Gari
Kosoto Gari
,is one of the original 40 throws of Judoas developed by Jigoro Kano.It belongs to the second group,Dai Nikyo,of the traditional throwing list, Gokyo , of Kodokan Judo.It is also part of the current 67 Throws of Kodokan Judo....
there are similar techniques in wrestling, including the inside and outside trips.
Somewhat similar to leg reaps, leg trips involve a hooking or lifting action with the attacking leg instead of a reaping action. The border between the two types of throw can be unclear, and many throws will exhibit characteristics of both reaps and trips, however, the difference is that a reap is one smooth move, like that of a scythe, whereas a hook is pulling the opponents leg up first, and then swinging it away. Common leg trips are hooking variations of Ouchi Gari and Osoto Gari along with Kosoto Gake
Kosoto Gake
, sometimes known as "minor outer hook", the English translation, is one of the original 40 throws of Judo as developed by Jigoro Kano. It belongs to the third group, Sankyo, of the traditional throwing list, Gokyo , of Kodokan Judo. It is also part of the current 67 Throws of Kodokan Judo. It is...
, referred to as inside and outside trips in Western wrestling.
Hip throws
A hip throw involves using the thrower's hip as a pivot point, by placing the hip in a lower position than an opponent's center of gravity. There are several types of hip throws such as O Goshi, which is often taught first to novices. Hip throws in Judo are called Koshi Waza, and in AikidoAikido
is a Japanese martial art developed by Morihei Ueshiba as a synthesis of his martial studies, philosophy, and religious beliefs. Aikido is often translated as "the Way of unifying life energy" or as "the Way of harmonious spirit." Ueshiba's goal was to create an art that practitioners could use to...
or Sumo
Sumo
is a competitive full-contact sport where a wrestler attempts to force another wrestler out of a circular ring or to touch the ground with anything other than the soles of the feet. The sport originated in Japan, the only country where it is practiced professionally...
they are called koshinage.
Sacrifice throws
Sacrifice throws require the thrower to move to a potentially disadvantageous position in order to be executed, such as falling to the ground. The momentum of the falling body adds power to the throws and require comparatively little strength compared to the effect. In Judo (as well as in other martial arts), these throws are called Sutemi Waza and are further divided into rear (Masutemi waza) and side (Yoko Sutemi Waza) throws.Pick-ups
Pickups involve lifting the opponent off the ground and then bringing them down again. Common pick-ups are lifting variations of the double leg takedownTakedown (grappling)
A takedown is a martial arts and combat sports term for a technique that involves off-balancing an opponent and bringing him or her to the ground, typically with the combatant performing the takedown landing on top. The process of quickly advancing on an opponent and attempting a takedown is known...
, judo's Te Guruma
Te Guruma
Te Guruma is a throwing technique described inThe Canon Of Judoas a reference technique and demonstrated by Kyuzo Mifunein the video, The Essence of Judo,- Included systems :Lists:*The Canon Of Judo*Judo technique...
or sukui nage (both classified as hand throws), and the suplex from wrestling, in which the attacker lifts their opponents body vertically and throws the opponent over their own center of gravity while executing a back fall (usually accompanied by a back arch). Variations of the suplex are common in most forms of wrestling
Wrestling
Wrestling is a form of grappling type techniques such as clinch fighting, throws and takedowns, joint locks, pins and other grappling holds. A wrestling bout is a physical competition, between two competitors or sparring partners, who attempt to gain and maintain a superior position...
, and sometimes used in Mixed Martial Arts
Mixed martial arts
Mixed Martial Arts is a full contact combat sport that allows the use of both striking and grappling techniques, both standing and on the ground, including boxing, wrestling, Brazilian jiu-jitsu, muay Thai, kickboxing, karate, judo and other styles. The roots of modern mixed martial arts can be...
competition; in Judo the ura-nage throw is a version of the suplex, but it is classified as a sacrifice throw.
List of throws
Some of the more common throwing techniques are listed below. This is not an exhaustive list and the techniques may be referred to by other names in different styles. An English translation and a common JapaneseJapanese language
is a language spoken by over 130 million people in Japan and in Japanese emigrant communities. It is a member of the Japonic language family, which has a number of proposed relationships with other languages, none of which has gained wide acceptance among historical linguists .Japanese is an...
equivalent are given.
- Hip throw (O GoshiO Goshiis one of the original 40 throws of Judo as developed by Jigoro Kano.It belongs to the first group,Dai Ikkyo, of the traditional throwing list, Gokyo , of Kodokan Judo. It is also part of the current 67 Throws of Kodokan Judo...
) - Floating hip (Uki GoshiUki Goshiis one of the original 40 throws of Judo as developed by Jigoro Kano.It belongs to the first group,Dai Ikkyo,of the traditional throwing list, Gokyo ,of Kodokan Judo.It is also part of the current 67 Throws of Kodokan Judo....
) - Rear hip throw (Ushiro GoshiUshiro Goshi,is one of the original 40 throws of Judo as developed by Jigoro Kano.It belongs to the fifth group, Gokyo,of the traditional throwing list, Gokyo-no-Nagewaza, of Kodokan Judo.It is also part of the current 67 Throws of Kodokan Judo....
) - Stamp throw
- Loin and hip wheel (O GurumaO Gurumathumb|250px|Ō guruma is one of the original 40 throws of Judo as developed by Kanō Jigorō. It belongs to the fourth group of the traditional throwing list in the Gokyo no waza of the Kodokan Judo.It is also part of the current 67 Throws of Kodokan Judo...
) - Transitional hip throw (Utsuri GoshiUtsuri Goshi, or the changing hip throw,is one of the original 40 throws of Judo as developed by Jigoro Kano.It belongs to the fourth group,Yonkyo,of the traditional throwing list, Gokyo-no-Nagewaza, of Kodokan Judo....
) - Hip wheel (Koshi GurumaKoshi Guruma,is one of the original 40 throws of Judoas developed by Jigoro Kano.It belongs to the second group,Dai Nikyo,of the traditional throwing list, Gokyo , of Kodokan Judo.It is also part of the current 67 Throws of Kodokan Judo....
) - Sweeping hip throw (Harai GoshiHarai Goshiis one of the original 40 throws of Judo as developed by Kano Jigoro. It belongs to the second group of the traditional throwing list in the Gokyo no waza of the Kodokan Judo....
) - Inner Thigh throw (Uchi MataUchi Matais one of the original 40 throws of Judo as developed by Jigoro Kano.It belongs to the second group, Dai Nikyo, of the traditional throwing list, Gokyo , of Kodokan Judo.It is also part of the current 67 Throws of Kodokan Judo....
) - Sweeping knee throw
- Sweeping ankle throw
- Leg wheel (Ashi GurumaAshi Gurumais a throw in judo. It is one of the original 40 throws of Judo as developed by Kano Jigoro. It belongs to the third group of the traditional throwing list in the Gokyo no waza of the Kodokan Judo. It is also included in the current 67 Throws of Kodokan Judo and is classified as a foot technique...
)
- Outer wheel (Osoto GurumaOsoto Guruma,is one of the original 40 throws of Judoas developed by Jigoro Kano.It belongs to the fifth group,Gokyo, of the traditional throwing list,Gokyo , of Kodokan Judo.It is also part of the current 67 Throws of Kodokan Judo....
)
- Inside hook throw (Kouchi Gake)
- Outer hook throw
- Cross hock
- Knee wheel (Hiza GurumaHiza Gurumais one of the original 40 throws of Judo as developed by Kano Jigoro. It belongs to the first group of the traditional throwing list in the Gokyo no waza of the Kodokan Judo. It is also included in the current 67 Throws of Kodokan Judo...
) - Drawing ankle throw (Deashi Harai)
- Lapel shoulder throw (Eri Seoinage)
- One-arm shoulder throw (Ippon SeoinageIppon Seoinageis a throw in judo. It is one of the nineteen accepted techniques in Shinmeisho No Waza of Kodokan Judo. It is classified as a hand throwing technique, Te-waza.-Professional wrestling:...
) - Two-arm shoulder throw (Morote Seoinage)
- Major inner reaping, inside trip (Ouchi GariOuchi Gariis one of the original 40 throws of Judo as developed by Kanō Jigorō. It belongs to the first group,Dai Ikkyo,of the traditional throwing list, Gokyo , of Kodokan Judo.It is also included in the current 67 Throws of Kodokan Judo.It is classified as a foot technique, Ashi-Waza.- Technique...
) - Minor inner reaping (Kouchi GariKouchi Gari,is one of the original 40 throws of Judoas developed by Jigoro Kano.It belongs to the second group,Dai Nikyo,of the traditional throwing list, Gokyo , of Kodokan Judo.It is also part of the current 67 Throws of Kodokan Judo....
)
- Major outer reaping, outside trip (Osoto GariOsoto Gariis one of the original 40 throws of Judoas developed by Jigoro Kano. It belongs to the first group, Dai Ikkyo, of the traditional throwing list, Gokyo , of Kodokan Judo. It is also included in the current 67 Throws of Kodokan Judo...
)
- Minor outer reap (Kosoto GariKosoto Gari,is one of the original 40 throws of Judoas developed by Jigoro Kano.It belongs to the second group,Dai Nikyo,of the traditional throwing list, Gokyo , of Kodokan Judo.It is also part of the current 67 Throws of Kodokan Judo....
) - Minor outer prop (Kosoto GakeKosoto Gake, sometimes known as "minor outer hook", the English translation, is one of the original 40 throws of Judo as developed by Jigoro Kano. It belongs to the third group, Sankyo, of the traditional throwing list, Gokyo , of Kodokan Judo. It is also part of the current 67 Throws of Kodokan Judo. It is...
) - Propping ankle throw (Sasae Tsurikomi AshiSasae Tsurikomi Ashiis one of the traditional forty throws of Judo asdeveloped by Jigoro Kano.Sasae Tsurikomi Ashi belongs to the first group,Dai Ikkyo, ofthe traditional throwing list,Gokyo , of Kodokan Judo.It is also part of the current 67 Throws of Kodokan Judo....
) - Half-hip throw (Uki GoshiUki Goshiis one of the original 40 throws of Judo as developed by Jigoro Kano.It belongs to the first group,Dai Ikkyo,of the traditional throwing list, Gokyo ,of Kodokan Judo.It is also part of the current 67 Throws of Kodokan Judo....
)
- Body drop (Tai OtoshiTai Otoshi,is one of the original 40 throws of Judo as developed by Jigoro Kano.It belongs to the second group,Dai Nikyo,of the traditional throwing list, Gokyo ,of Kodokan Judo.It is also part of the current 67 Throws of Kodokan Judo....
)
- Belt hip throw (Tsuri GoshiTsuri Goshiis one of the original 40 throws of Judoas developed by Kano Jigoro.It belongs to the third group of the traditional throwing list in the Gokyo no waza of the Kodokan Judo.It is also part of the current 67 Throws of Kodokan Judo....
) - Sleeve-lift hip throw (Sode Tsurikomi GoshiSode Tsurikomi GoshiSode Tsurikomi Goshi is one of the techniques adopted by the Kodokan into their Shinmeisho No Waza list. It is categorized as a hip technique, or Koshi-waza. Sodi Tsuri Komi Goshi translates as sleeve lifting, or pulling the hip.- Technique Description :Sode Tsuri Komi Goshi is a hip throw used...
) - Floating drop (Uki OtoshiUki Otoshi, or "floating drop," is one of the traditional forty throws of Judo as developed by Jigoro Kano. It belongs to the fourth group, Dai Yonkyo, of the traditional throwing list, Gokyo-no-Nagewaza , of Kodokan Judo. It is also part of the current 67 Throws of Kodokan Judo. The technique is...
)
- Outer winding sacrifice (Soto MakikomiSoto Makikomiis one of the traditional forty throws of Judoas developed by Jigoro Kano.It belongs to the fourth group,Yonkyo,of the traditional throwing list,Gokyo , of Kodokan Judo.It is also part of the current 67 Throws of Kodokan Judo....
) - Inside wind (Uchi Makikomi)
- Spring hip throw (Hane GoshiHane Goshiis a throw in judo. It is one of the original 40 throws of Judo as developed by Jigoro Kano. It belongs to the third group, Sankyo, of the traditional throwing list, Gokyo , of Kodokan Judo....
) - Double spring hip throw.
- Shoulder wheel, fireman's carry (Kata GurumaKata Gurumais one of the traditional forty throws of Judo as developed by Kano Jigoro, is detailed in Kano's writings as borrowed from a book on western wrestling. Kata guruma belongs to the third group of the traditional throwing list in the Gokyo no waza of the Kodokan Judo. It is also part of the...
)
- Valley drop (Tani OtoshiTani Otoshiis one of the original 40 throws of Judo as developed by Kano Jigoro. It belongs to the fourth group of the traditional throwing list in the Gokyo no waza of the Kodokan Judo.It is also part of the current 67 Throws of Kodokan Judo....
) - Stomach throw (Tomoe NageTomoe Nageis one of the traditional forty throws of Judo as developed by Jigaro Kano. It belongs to the third group of the traditional throwing list, the traditional Gokyo , and the current 67 Throws of Kodokan Judo...
) - Side circle
- Corner throw
- Head hip and knee throw
- Reverse head hip and knee throw
- Rear head hip and knee throw
- Front scoop throw
- Rear scoop throw
- Wrist type throws
See also
- Judo techniqueJudo techniqueThis page is a list of judo techniques. There are a variety of techniques recognized by Kodokan judo and other budō . Below is a partial list, organized by technique type and alphabetically within type....
- Includes a list of all the throws in JudoJudois a modern martial art and combat sport created in Japan in 1882 by Jigoro Kano. Its most prominent feature is its competitive element, where the object is to either throw or takedown one's opponent to the ground, immobilize or otherwise subdue one's opponent with a grappling maneuver, or force an... - TakedownTakedown (grappling)A takedown is a martial arts and combat sports term for a technique that involves off-balancing an opponent and bringing him or her to the ground, typically with the combatant performing the takedown landing on top. The process of quickly advancing on an opponent and attempting a takedown is known...
External links and Sources
- Gabrielson, Bruce. http://www.blackmagic.com/ses/sombo/throw.html SOMBO A Style of Wrestling: Chapter 5, Throwing and Scoring Techniques]. www.blackmagic.com. URL last accessed February 11, 2006.
- Ohlenkamp, Neil. http://judoinfo.com/gokyo.htm The 67 Throws of Kodokan Judo]. judoinfo.com. URL last accessed February 11, 2006.
- Guresdosyasi.com. http://www.guresdosyasi.com/samtek.html DÜNYA GÜREŞİNDE ÖNEMLİ ŞAMPİYONLARIN TEKNİKLERİ]. www.guresdosyasi.com. URL last accessed February 11, 2006.
- http://judoinfo.com/techjudo.htm "JudoInfo.com"] Videos, animations and drawings of Judo throws
- Collection of the 40 Throws of the Gokyo with Video Demonstrations