Thomas Ughtred, 1st Baron Ughtred
Encyclopedia
Sir Thomas Ughtred, styled Baron Ughtred, KG
(1291?–1365) was an English soldier and politician.
of Scarborough, Kilnwick Percy
, Monkton Moor, and other places in Yorkshire
, he was born about 1291, being eighteen years of age at his father's death in 1309. On 8 June 1319 he was appointed commissioner of array for Yorkshire, an office which he frequently filled during Edward II's reign. In October 1319 he served at the siege of Berwick
, in command of forty-four ‘hobelars’ or light horse.
On 6 October 1320 he was returned to parliament as knight of the shire for his county. He sided with the king against Thomas of Lancaster, and on 14 March 1322 was empowered to arrest any of the earl's adherents. In the same year he was made constable of Pickering Castle
, seems to have been captured by the Scots, and in the following March went to Scotland to release his hostages. In the same month he was granted the custody of the manor of Bentele, Yorkshire, during the minority of Payn de Tibetot or Tiptoft. He attended a great council held at Westminster in June 1324, and was knighted in the same year. On 14 April 1328 he was placed on a commission of oyer and terminer
, and in 1330 and 1331–2 again represented Yorkshire in parliament.
Edward III confirmed the grants made to Ughtred, and in 1331 placed him on the commissions of the peace between the River Ouse
and the River Derwent
, and in the North Riding of Yorkshire
. In 1332 he acquired a house and garden called ‘Le Whitehalle’ in Berwick, and in the same year he accompanied Edward Baliol on his invasion of Scotland. The expedition landed at Kinghorn
and defeated the Earl of Fife
at Dupplin Moor on 12 August. Ughtred was apparently present at Baliol's coronation at Scone
on 24 September, and sat in the Scottish parliament as Baron of Innerwick. On 20 October Baliol granted him the manor of Bonkill, which was confirmed by Edward III on 19 June 1334.
In the summer of 1334 the Scots rose against Baliol, who sent Ughtred to Edward with a request for help. Baliol was, however, driven out of Scotland, and during the retreat Ughtred held the bridge at Roxburgh
against the Scots and secured Baliol's retreat. In the same year he was made a knight-banneret. In 1338 Edward III required Baliol to entrust the command of Perth
, threatened with a siege by Robert the Steward, to Ughtred. He took over the command on 4 August, on condition that he was given a garrison of 220 men in time of peace and eight hundred in time of war. These conditions were not kept, however, and early in 1339 Ughtred petitioned the English government to be relieved of his charge. He was urged to remain until the arrival of reinforcements, but these were not despatched in time, and on 16 August 1339 Ughtred was compelled to surrender. This led to aspersions on his courage, and he complained to parliament at Westminster. His explanations were held sufficient, and in April 1340 the grant of Bonkill was confirmed to him.
In the following year Ughtred was attached to Robert of Artois's expedition against France. Siege was laid to Saint-Omer
, and on 26 July 1340 the French attacked the Flemings and would have raised the siege had not Ughtred with his archers restored the fortunes of the day. He was again summoned to serve against the French on 13 May 1347; on 14 June 1352 he was appointed warden of the sea coast of Yorkshire, and on 16 April 1360 he again received protection on crossing the seas on the king's service.
Ughtred is said to have received summonses to parliament from 30 April 1343 to 4 December 1364, and is accordingly sometimes reckoned a peer (Burke; Courthope). But in 1360 he was styled simply ‘chivaler;’ none of his descendants were summoned to parliament, and it was probably he who represented Yorkshire in the House of Commons in 1344 and 1352. He died in 1365; his will is printed in ‘Testamenta Eboracensia’.
in 1376–7, served against the French in 1377 and 1379, and died in 1401.
Anthony Ughtred (d. 1534), a later member of the family, took a prominent part in the French and Scots wars of Henry VIII. During 1513–14 he was marshal of Tournai
after its capture from the French, and from 1523 to 1528 he was captain of Berwick. He was subsequently appointed governor of Jersey
, and held that office till his death in 1534. His widow, Elizabeth Seymour, daughter of Sir John Seymour and sister of Protector Somerset, married Gregory Cromwell, 1st Baron Cromwell
, eldest son of Thomas Cromwell.
Order of the Garter
The Most Noble Order of the Garter, founded in 1348, is the highest order of chivalry, or knighthood, existing in England. The order is dedicated to the image and arms of St...
(1291?–1365) was an English soldier and politician.
Life
The eldest son and heir of Robert Ughtred, lord of the manorLord of the Manor
The Lordship of a Manor is recognised today in England and Wales as a form of property and one of three elements of a manor that may exist separately or be combined and may be held in moieties...
of Scarborough, Kilnwick Percy
Kilnwick Percy
Kilnwick Percy is a hamlet in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is situated approximately north east of Pocklington town centre.It lies to the north of the B1246 road.It forms part of the civil parish of Nunburnholme....
, Monkton Moor, and other places in Yorkshire
Yorkshire
Yorkshire is a historic county of northern England and the largest in the United Kingdom. Because of its great size in comparison to other English counties, functions have been increasingly undertaken over time by its subdivisions, which have also been subject to periodic reform...
, he was born about 1291, being eighteen years of age at his father's death in 1309. On 8 June 1319 he was appointed commissioner of array for Yorkshire, an office which he frequently filled during Edward II's reign. In October 1319 he served at the siege of Berwick
Berwick
Berwick-upon-Tweed is a border town in the north of England.Berwick may also refer to:- England :*Berwick Street Market, London*Berwick, Sussex**Berwick railway station*Berwick St John, Wiltshire...
, in command of forty-four ‘hobelars’ or light horse.
On 6 October 1320 he was returned to parliament as knight of the shire for his county. He sided with the king against Thomas of Lancaster, and on 14 March 1322 was empowered to arrest any of the earl's adherents. In the same year he was made constable of Pickering Castle
Pickering Castle
Pickering Castle is a motte-and-bailey fortification in Pickering, North Yorkshire, England.- Design :Pickering castle was originally a timber and earth motte and bailey castle. It was developed into a stone motte and bailey castle which had a stone shell keep. The current inner ward was originally...
, seems to have been captured by the Scots, and in the following March went to Scotland to release his hostages. In the same month he was granted the custody of the manor of Bentele, Yorkshire, during the minority of Payn de Tibetot or Tiptoft. He attended a great council held at Westminster in June 1324, and was knighted in the same year. On 14 April 1328 he was placed on a commission of oyer and terminer
Oyer and terminer
In English law, Oyer and terminer was the Law French name, meaning "to hear and determine", for one of the commissions by which a judge of assize sat...
, and in 1330 and 1331–2 again represented Yorkshire in parliament.
Edward III confirmed the grants made to Ughtred, and in 1331 placed him on the commissions of the peace between the River Ouse
River Ouse, Yorkshire
The River Ouse is a river in North Yorkshire, England. The river is formed from the River Ure at Cuddy Shaw Reach near Linton-on-Ouse, about 6 miles downstream of the confluence of the River Swale with the River Ure...
and the River Derwent
River Derwent, Yorkshire
The Derwent is a river in Yorkshire in the north of England. It is used for water abstraction, leisure and sporting activities and effluent disposal as well as being of significant importance as the site of several nature reserves...
, and in the North Riding of Yorkshire
North Riding of Yorkshire
The North Riding of Yorkshire was one of the three historic subdivisions of the English county of Yorkshire, alongside the East and West Ridings. From the Restoration it was used as a Lieutenancy area. The three ridings were treated as three counties for many purposes, such as having separate...
. In 1332 he acquired a house and garden called ‘Le Whitehalle’ in Berwick, and in the same year he accompanied Edward Baliol on his invasion of Scotland. The expedition landed at Kinghorn
Kinghorn
Kinghorn is a town in Fife, Scotland. A seaside resort with two beaches, Kinghorn Beach and Pettycur Bay, plus a fishing port, it stands on the north shore of the Firth of Forth opposite Edinburgh...
and defeated the Earl of Fife
Earl of Fife
The Earl of Fife or Mormaer of Fife referred to the Gaelic comital lordship of Fife which existed in Scotland until the early 15th century....
at Dupplin Moor on 12 August. Ughtred was apparently present at Baliol's coronation at Scone
Scone, Scotland
Scone is a village in Perth and Kinross, Scotland. The medieval village of Scone, which grew up around the monastery and royal residence, was abandoned in the early 19th century when the residents were removed and a new palace was built on the site by the Earl of Mansfield...
on 24 September, and sat in the Scottish parliament as Baron of Innerwick. On 20 October Baliol granted him the manor of Bonkill, which was confirmed by Edward III on 19 June 1334.
In the summer of 1334 the Scots rose against Baliol, who sent Ughtred to Edward with a request for help. Baliol was, however, driven out of Scotland, and during the retreat Ughtred held the bridge at Roxburgh
Roxburgh
Roxburgh , also known as Rosbroch, is a village, civil parish and now-destroyed royal burgh. It was an important trading burgh in High Medieval to early modern Scotland...
against the Scots and secured Baliol's retreat. In the same year he was made a knight-banneret. In 1338 Edward III required Baliol to entrust the command of Perth
Perth, Scotland
Perth is a town and former city and royal burgh in central Scotland. Located on the banks of the River Tay, it is the administrative centre of Perth and Kinross council area and the historic county town of Perthshire...
, threatened with a siege by Robert the Steward, to Ughtred. He took over the command on 4 August, on condition that he was given a garrison of 220 men in time of peace and eight hundred in time of war. These conditions were not kept, however, and early in 1339 Ughtred petitioned the English government to be relieved of his charge. He was urged to remain until the arrival of reinforcements, but these were not despatched in time, and on 16 August 1339 Ughtred was compelled to surrender. This led to aspersions on his courage, and he complained to parliament at Westminster. His explanations were held sufficient, and in April 1340 the grant of Bonkill was confirmed to him.
In the following year Ughtred was attached to Robert of Artois's expedition against France. Siege was laid to Saint-Omer
Saint-Omer
Saint-Omer , a commune and sub-prefecture of the Pas-de-Calais department west-northwest of Lille on the railway to Calais. The town is named after Saint Audomar, who brought Christianity to the area....
, and on 26 July 1340 the French attacked the Flemings and would have raised the siege had not Ughtred with his archers restored the fortunes of the day. He was again summoned to serve against the French on 13 May 1347; on 14 June 1352 he was appointed warden of the sea coast of Yorkshire, and on 16 April 1360 he again received protection on crossing the seas on the king's service.
Ughtred is said to have received summonses to parliament from 30 April 1343 to 4 December 1364, and is accordingly sometimes reckoned a peer (Burke; Courthope). But in 1360 he was styled simply ‘chivaler;’ none of his descendants were summoned to parliament, and it was probably he who represented Yorkshire in the House of Commons in 1344 and 1352. He died in 1365; his will is printed in ‘Testamenta Eboracensia’.
Family
Ughtred was succeeded by his son Thomas, who was constable of Lochmaben CastleLochmaben Castle
Lochmaben Castle is a ruined castle in the town of Lochmaben, Dumfries and Galloway. It was built by Edward I in the 13th and 14th centuries, and later rebuilt during the reign of James IV of Scotland. An earlier motte-and-bailey castle was built south of the current castle in c.1160 by the Bruce...
in 1376–7, served against the French in 1377 and 1379, and died in 1401.
Anthony Ughtred (d. 1534), a later member of the family, took a prominent part in the French and Scots wars of Henry VIII. During 1513–14 he was marshal of Tournai
Tournai
Tournai is a Walloon city and municipality of Belgium located 85 kilometres southwest of Brussels, on the river Scheldt, in the province of Hainaut....
after its capture from the French, and from 1523 to 1528 he was captain of Berwick. He was subsequently appointed governor of Jersey
Jersey
Jersey, officially the Bailiwick of Jersey is a British Crown Dependency off the coast of Normandy, France. As well as the island of Jersey itself, the bailiwick includes two groups of small islands that are no longer permanently inhabited, the Minquiers and Écréhous, and the Pierres de Lecq and...
, and held that office till his death in 1534. His widow, Elizabeth Seymour, daughter of Sir John Seymour and sister of Protector Somerset, married Gregory Cromwell, 1st Baron Cromwell
Gregory Cromwell, 1st Baron Cromwell
Gregory Cromwell, 1st Baron Cromwell, KB was an English peer.-Early life:Cromwell was born in Putney, then in Surrey, the first child and only son of Thomas Cromwell, later 1st Baron Cromwell and briefly 1st Earl of Essex, and his first wife, the former Elizabeth Wykys.He was tutored by Sir...
, eldest son of Thomas Cromwell.