The Man Behind the Plough
Encyclopedia
"The Man Behind the Plough" is a wide-ranging, in-depth and moving study of the endemic problems and tragic suffering of the peasants of the undivided Bengal. In order to go into the roots of these problems, the author Sir M.Azizul Haque examines the land system introduced by the Permanent Settlement
Permanent Settlement
The Permanent Settlement — also known as the Permanent Settlement of Bengal — was an agreement between the East India Company and Bengali landlords to fix revenues to be raised from land, with far-reaching consequences for both agricultural methods and productivity in the entire Empire and the...

 (1793), contrasts it with what prevailed during the Mughal era
Mughal era
The Mughal era is a historic period of the Mughal Empire in South Asia . It ran from the early 15th century to a point in the early 18th century when the Mughal Emperors' power had dwindled...

 and throws light on how the zamindars’ lobby distorted the original intention of the regulations of 1793 with disastrous consequences. The author has made use of extensive facts, archival material and statistics to establish his interpretations and conclusions. It is a research work of very high quality, and may be regarded as what is now called an interdisciplinary work. The author put in ten years of labour of love, albeit very hard labour, to produce the book, which aims to look into the problems of agriculture “from the point of view of the peasant”.

About the author

M.Azizul Haque was quite well known in the political and intellectual circles as a multi –faceted person in undivided Bengal. He rose to prominence as the Speaker of Bengal Legislative Assembly
Legislative Assembly
Legislative Assembly is the name given in some countries to either a legislature, or to one of its branch.The name is used by a number of member-states of the Commonwealth of Nations, as well as a number of Latin American countries....

 and earned reputation as the Vice- Chancellor of Calcutta University during the most turbulent days of Bengal
Bengal
Bengal is a historical and geographical region in the northeast region of the Indian Subcontinent at the apex of the Bay of Bengal. Today, it is mainly divided between the sovereign land of People's Republic of Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal, although some regions of the previous...

 Politics.He of, course, established his position as noted author of a book entitled “The Man Behind the Plough”. Sir Mohammad Azizul Haque was born on 27 November 1892 at Santipur in Nadia district of West Bengal
West Bengal
West Bengal is a state in the eastern region of India and is the nation's fourth-most populous. It is also the seventh-most populous sub-national entity in the world, with over 91 million inhabitants. A major agricultural producer, West Bengal is the sixth-largest contributor to India's GDP...

. He began legal practice in Krishnagar
Krishnagar
Krishnanagar is a municipality and administrative headquarters of Nadia district in the Indian state of West Bengal.-Geography:Krishnanagar is located at . It has an average elevation of 14 metres...

 in 1915. He was elected Chairman of Krishnagar Municipality in 1933. He became Minister of Education in 1934. In 1942, he was appointed the High Commissioner for India in the United Kingdom. Mohammad Azizul Haque was conferred D L:itt ( Honoris Causa) by the University of Calcutta . He was made Khan Bahadur in 1926, awarded the CIE in 1937, and knighted in 1941. But in support of the protest call given by the Muslim League against the Viceroy’s actions, he renounced all titles bestowed on him by the British Government on 16 August 1946. He died at his Calcutta residence on 22 March 1947.

Author’s Say

“Agriculture is the occupation of the bulk of the rural population of Bengal and on it depends the welfare of the province as a whole .An attempt has been made in this book to study the problems of land and agriculture in this province , to lay bare the economic facts of rural life to-day and to discuss some of the primary problems concerning the condition of the Bengal peasantry…In all humility , I place this book before all who are devoted to the cause of the “raiyat” of Bengal, all who wish him well and all who wish to know the tragic realities of the man behind the plough.

About the Book

His famous book '"The Man behind the Plough"'(1939) is a research work of high esteem and great quality. His concern for the Bengal farmers' miserable life goes far back to his years as a young lawyer when he championed their cause. He made a special study of the irrigation problem of Bengal .It is written about the problems and plight of the Peasants of Bengal. His concern for the poor, exploited peasants of Bengal led to the writing of the present book first published in 1939. Rabindranath Tagore
Rabindranath Tagore
Rabindranath Tagore , sobriquet Gurudev, was a Bengali polymath who reshaped his region's literature and music. Author of Gitanjali and its "profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful verse", he became the first non-European Nobel laureate by earning the 1913 Prize in Literature...

himself greatly appreciated this book and invited him to grace the chair of Chief Guest at the Annual Convocation of Shantiniketan.

Criticism

However, this classic study of problems of the peasants of Bengal has not only a historical value, but also present relevance. It is true that during the last seventy years since its first publication, the oppressive powers of the zamindars have been legally abolished; and many measures beneficial to the cultivators have been enacted .But the plight of the framers has not changed substantially. The author had the vision to suggest that a policy of improvement and diversification of agriculture supplemented by gradual industrialization in relieving the pressure on the soil can lead to the solution of the problems faced by the tiles of the soil The present day researchers, policymakers, statesmen and those who are actively engaged in the amelioration of the lives of the men behind the ploughs may immensely benefit from this book. This book is an eloquent testimony to his genuine and sincere concern for human rights and democratic principles.

External Sources

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
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