Terrell Peterson
Encyclopedia
Terrell Peterson was a five-year-old boy from Atlanta, Georgia who was tortured and beaten to death while his case was under active state supervision. He was one of more than 800 children who died between 1995 and 1998 after their cases were brought to the attention of the Georgia Department of Family and Children Services.
Some of the deaths were due to accident and illness, while others, like Terrell's, were due to murder. When Terrell died he weighed only 29 pounds and was covered with cuts, bruises and cigarette burns.
Various individuals within the Georgia Department of Family and Children Services engaged in gross misconduct and violation of state-mandated protocols for handling child abuse cases. After the murder, officials within the department engaged in a willful cover-up of the facts in the case. Terrell's case was considered to have been one of the worst cases of child abuse in Fulton County
.
According to lawyer Don Keenan
, who sued the state of Georgia on Terrell's behalf:
The complaints were handled by 11 different caseworkers, overseen by 10 supervisors at The Georgia Department of Family and Children Services, yet nothing was done until June 1996 when the department took custody of Terrell from his mother.
According to protocol children taken into custody by child services should ideally be placed with blood relatives, receive at least one in-person visit with an agency caseworker per month and under no circumstances is corporal punishment
to be administered by foster parents.
Terrell was placed in the care of Pharina Peterson, the grandmother of Terrell's half brother and half sister who was not directly related to him. While in her custody agency caseworkers had little to no contact with Terrell and there were no monthly visits.
The case came to light when Terrell was brought to the emergency room of Hughes Spalding Children's Hospital
in Atlanta in cardiac arrest
, where he subsequently died.
During the course of the homicide
investigation police discovered that Terrell had been physically restrained with pantyhose tied to a banister in the apartment. According to another child living in the home, Tasha, Peterson tied Terrell up "a lot."
The police also found a set of written instructions for Terrell's care, allegedly authored by Peterson: "He gets a bowl of oatmeal for breakfast, lunch he gets grits, and dinner he gets grits. His hands are always tied."
Terrell's Head Start teacher, Joanne Bryant, found him rummaging in a trash can at school looking for food. This occurred prior to a Thanksgiving Day beating in 1996, which necessitated a trip to the emergency room where he was diagnosed him with Battered child syndrome.
Pharina Peterson was arrested and indicted on misdemeanor charges. Terrell, who had previously implicated Peterson on record as the one who assaulted him, was scheduled to testify in person at the trial. However, his caseworker, Cheryl Elmore, who was responsible for bringing Terrell to court, never showed up. Terrell's and her absence were never questioned and the charges were dismissed by municipal court judge Catherine E. Malicki because "the victim was not in court".
To cover her already egregious transgression, Elsmore concocted a fraudulent backdated internal memo which was placed in Terrell's file; that the trial did indeed occur, no evidence of child abuse was found and the charges were dismissed as a result. According to Elsmore, "The judge believed Ms. Peterson (and) did not feel she was guilty of child abuse." This alleged finding despite the medical evidence and the results of the police investigation, along with the lack of substantiating court documents, was never questioned by her supervisors. As a result Terrell was deemed to be "safe," his file was closed and he was returned to the custody of Peterson.
According to Peggy Peters, director of the department, "Again, I can't speak for Miss Elmore" and "I certainly would not have made that decision."
When Terrell went back to the same Head Start class he was in prior to the assault, Bryant, his teacher, noticed he wasn't walking right, when she took off his sneakers she noticed that the flesh on the soles of both his feet had been burned off. This was again alleged, posthumously, to have been inflicted by Peterson as retribution for telling authorities about her previous assaults. The burns were severe enough to necessitate skin grafts, skin was taken from his hips and transplanted onto the soles of his feet.
Despite the severity of these injuries no investigation was done, no charges were brought and Terrell was never visited by anyone from child services from the time of these injuries until his murder a year later. The coroner listed Terrell's cause of death as; "blunt impact injuries to the head, trunk and extremities." This resulted in Fran Peterson being charged with capital murder.
Despite the findings department officials engaged in a cover-up and issued one public statement by Ralph Mitchell, administrator of the Atlanta area office
But these were internal investigations, and the public wasn't told about them. After the investigations, department officials decided to cover up what they had done.
The department made only one public statement, which was written by Raph Mitchell, the administrator of the Atlanta area office. He claimed members of the agency expressed "outrage at the loss of precious life" but that they had responded "immediately and comprehensively" to allegations of Terrell's abuse and had followed protocol; "all of (its) steps were followed in the case of Terrell." Mitchell then wrote a private memo to the department head at state headquarters stating the press release was "untrue." But that fortunately no one in the media had called to follow up.
Due to state privacy laws Terrell's records were sealed and inaccessible to the media, thus the cover-up was assured until after a year when Don Keenan received Terrell's case file by an anonymous individual within the department.
Despite the murder of Terrell, the complicity in his murder through willful neglect of workers at the Georgia Department of Family and Children's Services, and the exposed cover-up by high department officials, another caseworker decided that Terrell's half sister and half brother who were present at his murder would be safe with Fran Peterson. According to this caseworker; "Ms. Peterson will cooperate with the agency and continue to show interest in the support of the child while they are at home." "I think, again you'd have to look at the individual situation,""And if she had not harmed those other children, then it might be acceptable." Neither Elsmore nor Mitchell were fired for their behavior.
news program 60 Minutes II
, noted for investigative journalism
, conducted an in-depth investigation into all aspects of the case and aired the results in January 1999.
In the wake of this program, then-Georgia governor Roy Barnes
decided to set up a Child Advocate Office with the authority to bypass the state's confidentiality laws and independently investigate and review child abuse cases handled by the Department of Family and Children's Services. Terrell's half brother and sister were placed with another foster family and the Georgia Bureau of Investigation
conducted raids on several offices of the Department of Family and Children Services. The Georgia legislature passed the Terrell Peterson Act, which gives doctors the authority to take temporary custody of battered children at the hospital without department approval.
Some of the deaths were due to accident and illness, while others, like Terrell's, were due to murder. When Terrell died he weighed only 29 pounds and was covered with cuts, bruises and cigarette burns.
Various individuals within the Georgia Department of Family and Children Services engaged in gross misconduct and violation of state-mandated protocols for handling child abuse cases. After the murder, officials within the department engaged in a willful cover-up of the facts in the case. Terrell's case was considered to have been one of the worst cases of child abuse in Fulton County
Fulton County, Georgia
Fulton County is a county located in the U.S. state of Georgia. Its county seat is Atlanta, the state capital since 1868 and the principal county of the Atlanta metropolitan area...
.
According to lawyer Don Keenan
Don Keenan
Don C. Keenan is an Atlanta, Georgia-based trial lawyer and author. He is the head partner in the Keenan Law Firm, which specializes in cases involving children, including injury, medical malpractice, and wrongful death....
, who sued the state of Georgia on Terrell's behalf:
The Abuse
The Fulton County Department of Family and Children Services received seven calls between 1992 and 1995 in reference to neglect of Terrell or his siblings:- The mother is taking drugs while pregnant, using food stamps and welfare checks to buy Crack cocaineCrack cocaineCrack cocaine is the freebase form of cocaine that can be smoked. It may also be termed rock, hard, iron, cavvy, base, or just crack; it is the most addictive form of cocaine. Crack rocks offer a short but intense high to smokers...
(May 1992). - The parents are locking the children in the bedroom on weekends, denying them food and water (August 1993).
- Mother is on drugs, children are unsupervised (February 1994).
- Children are begging neighbors for food, mother is using cocaine daily (January 1995).
- Mother is addicted to crack, leaves children with their sickly maternal grandmother (November 1995).
The complaints were handled by 11 different caseworkers, overseen by 10 supervisors at The Georgia Department of Family and Children Services, yet nothing was done until June 1996 when the department took custody of Terrell from his mother.
According to protocol children taken into custody by child services should ideally be placed with blood relatives, receive at least one in-person visit with an agency caseworker per month and under no circumstances is corporal punishment
Corporal punishment
Corporal punishment is a form of physical punishment that involves the deliberate infliction of pain as retribution for an offence, or for the purpose of disciplining or reforming a wrongdoer, or to deter attitudes or behaviour deemed unacceptable...
to be administered by foster parents.
Terrell was placed in the care of Pharina Peterson, the grandmother of Terrell's half brother and half sister who was not directly related to him. While in her custody agency caseworkers had little to no contact with Terrell and there were no monthly visits.
The case came to light when Terrell was brought to the emergency room of Hughes Spalding Children's Hospital
Hughes Spalding Children's Hospital
In 1952, the Hughes Spalding Pavilion officially opened as a private hospital for black and African-American patients. After numerous transformations, the Hughes Spalding Pavilion shut its doors in 1989...
in Atlanta in cardiac arrest
Cardiac arrest
Cardiac arrest, is the cessation of normal circulation of the blood due to failure of the heart to contract effectively...
, where he subsequently died.
During the course of the homicide
Homicide
Homicide refers to the act of a human killing another human. Murder, for example, is a type of homicide. It can also describe a person who has committed such an act, though this use is rare in modern English...
investigation police discovered that Terrell had been physically restrained with pantyhose tied to a banister in the apartment. According to another child living in the home, Tasha, Peterson tied Terrell up "a lot."
The police also found a set of written instructions for Terrell's care, allegedly authored by Peterson: "He gets a bowl of oatmeal for breakfast, lunch he gets grits, and dinner he gets grits. His hands are always tied."
Terrell's Head Start teacher, Joanne Bryant, found him rummaging in a trash can at school looking for food. This occurred prior to a Thanksgiving Day beating in 1996, which necessitated a trip to the emergency room where he was diagnosed him with Battered child syndrome.
Pharina Peterson was arrested and indicted on misdemeanor charges. Terrell, who had previously implicated Peterson on record as the one who assaulted him, was scheduled to testify in person at the trial. However, his caseworker, Cheryl Elmore, who was responsible for bringing Terrell to court, never showed up. Terrell's and her absence were never questioned and the charges were dismissed by municipal court judge Catherine E. Malicki because "the victim was not in court".
To cover her already egregious transgression, Elsmore concocted a fraudulent backdated internal memo which was placed in Terrell's file; that the trial did indeed occur, no evidence of child abuse was found and the charges were dismissed as a result. According to Elsmore, "The judge believed Ms. Peterson (and) did not feel she was guilty of child abuse." This alleged finding despite the medical evidence and the results of the police investigation, along with the lack of substantiating court documents, was never questioned by her supervisors. As a result Terrell was deemed to be "safe," his file was closed and he was returned to the custody of Peterson.
According to Peggy Peters, director of the department, "Again, I can't speak for Miss Elmore" and "I certainly would not have made that decision."
When Terrell went back to the same Head Start class he was in prior to the assault, Bryant, his teacher, noticed he wasn't walking right, when she took off his sneakers she noticed that the flesh on the soles of both his feet had been burned off. This was again alleged, posthumously, to have been inflicted by Peterson as retribution for telling authorities about her previous assaults. The burns were severe enough to necessitate skin grafts, skin was taken from his hips and transplanted onto the soles of his feet.
Despite the severity of these injuries no investigation was done, no charges were brought and Terrell was never visited by anyone from child services from the time of these injuries until his murder a year later. The coroner listed Terrell's cause of death as; "blunt impact injuries to the head, trunk and extremities." This resulted in Fran Peterson being charged with capital murder.
Cover up
According to two internal investigations conducted into the case in the wake of the murder by Georgia children's services the egregious behavior of department was noted; "failure to make contacts," "failure to conduct mandatory monthly meetings," "a serious lack of judgment," and "numerous violations throughout the history of the case."Despite the findings department officials engaged in a cover-up and issued one public statement by Ralph Mitchell, administrator of the Atlanta area office
But these were internal investigations, and the public wasn't told about them. After the investigations, department officials decided to cover up what they had done.
The department made only one public statement, which was written by Raph Mitchell, the administrator of the Atlanta area office. He claimed members of the agency expressed "outrage at the loss of precious life" but that they had responded "immediately and comprehensively" to allegations of Terrell's abuse and had followed protocol; "all of (its) steps were followed in the case of Terrell." Mitchell then wrote a private memo to the department head at state headquarters stating the press release was "untrue." But that fortunately no one in the media had called to follow up.
Due to state privacy laws Terrell's records were sealed and inaccessible to the media, thus the cover-up was assured until after a year when Don Keenan received Terrell's case file by an anonymous individual within the department.
Despite the murder of Terrell, the complicity in his murder through willful neglect of workers at the Georgia Department of Family and Children's Services, and the exposed cover-up by high department officials, another caseworker decided that Terrell's half sister and half brother who were present at his murder would be safe with Fran Peterson. According to this caseworker; "Ms. Peterson will cooperate with the agency and continue to show interest in the support of the child while they are at home." "I think, again you'd have to look at the individual situation,""And if she had not harmed those other children, then it might be acceptable." Neither Elsmore nor Mitchell were fired for their behavior.
60 Minutes II
The CBSCBS
CBS Broadcasting Inc. is a major US commercial broadcasting television network, which started as a radio network. The name is derived from the initials of the network's former name, Columbia Broadcasting System. The network is sometimes referred to as the "Eye Network" in reference to the shape of...
news program 60 Minutes II
60 Minutes II
60 Minutes II was a weekly primetime news magazine television program that was intended to replicate the "signature style, journalistic quality and integrity" of the original 60 Minutes series.It aired on CBS on Wednesdays, then later moved to Fridays at 8 p.m...
, noted for investigative journalism
Investigative journalism
Investigative journalism is a form of journalism in which reporters deeply investigate a single topic of interest, often involving crime, political corruption, or corporate wrongdoing. An investigative journalist may spend months or years researching and preparing a report. Investigative journalism...
, conducted an in-depth investigation into all aspects of the case and aired the results in January 1999.
In the wake of this program, then-Georgia governor Roy Barnes
Roy Barnes
Roy Eugene Barnes served as the 80th Governor of Georgia from January 1999 until January 2003. Barnes was also a candidate for Governor of Georgia in the 2010 election....
decided to set up a Child Advocate Office with the authority to bypass the state's confidentiality laws and independently investigate and review child abuse cases handled by the Department of Family and Children's Services. Terrell's half brother and sister were placed with another foster family and the Georgia Bureau of Investigation
Georgia Bureau of Investigation
The Georgia Bureau of Investigation or GBI is an independent, U.S. state of Georgia agency that provides assistance to the state's criminal justice system in the areas of criminal investigations, forensic laboratory services and computerized criminal justice information.-Organization:The agency is...
conducted raids on several offices of the Department of Family and Children Services. The Georgia legislature passed the Terrell Peterson Act, which gives doctors the authority to take temporary custody of battered children at the hospital without department approval.
Aftermath
- Pharina Peterson is serving a life sentence for Terrell's murder.
- Ralph Mitchell, the official who engaged in a cover-up of the case and wrote the phony press release, retired with a state pension.
- Catherine E. Malicki, who dismissed charges against Pharina Peterson because Terrell wasn't brought to court, is still a municipal court judge in Atlanta.
- Roy BarnesRoy BarnesRoy Eugene Barnes served as the 80th Governor of Georgia from January 1999 until January 2003. Barnes was also a candidate for Governor of Georgia in the 2010 election....
, governor at the time who signed the Terrell Peterson Act, ran for Georgia governor again in 2010 but lost.