Tariff of 1832
Encyclopedia
The Tariff of 1832 was a protectionist
Protectionism
Protectionism is the economic policy of restraining trade between states through methods such as tariffs on imported goods, restrictive quotas, and a variety of other government regulations designed to allow "fair competition" between imports and goods and services produced domestically.This...

 tariff in the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...

. It was largely written by former President John Quincy Adams
John Quincy Adams
John Quincy Adams was the sixth President of the United States . He served as an American diplomat, Senator, and Congressional representative. He was a member of the Federalist, Democratic-Republican, National Republican, and later Anti-Masonic and Whig parties. Adams was the son of former...

, who had been elected to the House of Representatives and been made chairman of the Committee on Manufactures, and reduced tariffs to remedy the conflict created by the tariff of 1828
Tariff of 1828
The Tariff of 1828 was a protective tariff passed by the Congress of the United States on May 19, 1828, designed to protect industry in the northern United States...

, but it was still deemed unsatisfactory by some in the South, especially in South Carolina. South Carolinian opposition to this tariff and its predecessor, the Tariff of Abominations, caused the Nullification Crisis
Nullification Crisis
The Nullification Crisis was a sectional crisis during the presidency of Andrew Jackson created by South Carolina's 1832 Ordinance of Nullification. This ordinance declared by the power of the State that the federal Tariff of 1828 and 1832 were unconstitutional and therefore null and void within...

. As a result of this crisis, the 1832 Tariff was replaced by the Compromise Tariff of 1833.

What Was the Tariff of 1832?

Enacted on July 14, 1832, this was referred to as a protectionist tariff in the United states. The purpose of this tariff was to act as remedy for the conflict created by the Tariff of 1828. Mainly, the protective Tariff of 1828 was created in such a way that it intended to protect the industry in the north. So the Tariff of 1828 was also called the Tariff of Abominations by Southern states as it seemed unfair on the part of the government to favor the North by sidelining the south. As compared to the hype created about the protective Tariff of 1832., it proved to be a far cry from fulfilling the demands of the south. Its predecessor pushed the duties on citizens which were as high as 45 percent on the value of specific manufactured goods, while 1832 act bought it down to 35%. For instance, the duty on hemp, which had been $60 a ton in 1828, was reduced to a duty of $40, as a result of compromise Tariff of 1832. Even then southerners were not happy with it. Eventually, their unrest and dissatisfaction was what led to the nullification crisis. Along with that, another bill was passed, Tariff of 1833.

Tariff of 1832 and Nullification Crisis

As mentioned earlier, the southern states were not happy even after the 1832 happening. As a result, in 1832, a sectional crisis, called nullification crisis happened during the presidency of Andrew Jackson. South Carolina's Ordinance of nullification. As per the ordinance, it was by the power of the state, the Federal Tariffs of 1828 and 1832 were declared unconstitutional in November 1832. As a result they were null and void within the 'sovereign' boundaries of South Carolina, because the reductions provided for in the Tariff of 1832 were too less for South Carolina. Due to the precarious economic situation during the 1820's, South carolina was the state which had particularly borne the brunt of the economic down turn. The result was that by 1828, the politics of South Carolina increasingly revolved around the issue of tariffs. In Washington, the president and the vice president themselves differed on the issue John Calhoun, the vice president later quit his office to defend the nullification process. In 1833, a bill authorizing the president for usage of military forces against South Carolina was passed as a preemptive measure. Consequently, negotiations led to a tariff satisfactory to South Carolina being passed. Finally, South Carolina repealed its Nullification Ordinance in 1833 on March 11.
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