Tangkoko Batuangus Nature Reserve
Encyclopedia
Tangkoko Batuangus Nature Reserve also known as Tangkoko-Batuangus Dua Saudara is a nature reserve
Nature reserve
A nature reserve is a protected area of importance for wildlife, flora, fauna or features of geological or other special interest, which is reserved and managed for conservation and to provide special opportunities for study or research...

 in the northern part of Sulawesi
Sulawesi
Sulawesi is one of the four larger Sunda Islands of Indonesia and is situated between Borneo and the Maluku Islands. In Indonesia, only Sumatra, Borneo, and Papua are larger in territory, and only Java and Sumatra have larger Indonesian populations.- Etymology :The Portuguese were the first to...

 island of Indonesia
Indonesia
Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...

. The reserve covers an area of 8,700 hectares.

Flora and fauna

Tangkoko Batuangus Nature Reserve protects at least 127 mammal, 233 bird and 104 reptile and amphibian species. Of these 79 mammal, 103 bird and 29 reptile and amphibian species are endemic to the island.

Threatened mammals include the Celebes crested macaque
Celebes Crested Macaque
The Celebes crested macaque , also known as the crested black macaque, Sulawesi crested macaque, or the black ape, is an Old World monkey that lives in the northeast of the Indonesian island of Sulawesi as well as on smaller neighboring islands.-Description:Its skin and hairless face is, with the...

, of which about 5,500 remain on the island, the Sulawesi Bear Cuscus
Sulawesi Bear Cuscus
The Sulawesi Bear Cuscus or Sulawesi Bear Phalanger is a species of marsupial in the family Phalangeridae. It is endemic to Sulawesi and nearby islands in Indonesia. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests....

 and Sulawesi Dwarf Cuscus
Sulawesi Dwarf Cuscus
The Sulawesi Dwarf Cuscus is a species of marsupial in the family Phalangeridae. It is endemic to Sulawesi and nearby islands in Indonesia....

.

Conservation and threats

The first conservation area at Mount Tongkoko
Mount Tongkoko
Mount Tongkoko or Mount Tangkoko is a stratovolcano in the north of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Its summit has an elongated deep crater. On the east flank there is a flat lava dome Batu Angus. Historical records only show eruptions in the nineteenth century....

has been established in 1919. To this the Duasaudara area has been added in 1978, and the Batuangus and Batuputih areas in 1981, together encompassing a total of 8,718 hectares. Visitation is only allowed in the Batuputih area.

Habitat destruction and hunting pose serious threats to the reserve.
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