Synthesis
Encyclopedia
In general, the noun synthesis (from the ancient Greek
Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek is the stage of the Greek language in the periods spanning the times c. 9th–6th centuries BC, , c. 5th–4th centuries BC , and the c. 3rd century BC – 6th century AD of ancient Greece and the ancient world; being predated in the 2nd millennium BC by Mycenaean Greek...

 , σύν "with" and θέσις "placing") refers to a combination of two or more entities that together form something new; alternately, it refers to the creating of something by artificial
Artificial
See also: Synthetic ' or ' may refer to:* Artificial beaches* Artificial chemistry* Artificial consciousness* Artificial creation* Artificial elements* Artificial flower* Artificial food* Artificial fuel* Artificial harmonic...

 means. The corresponding verb, to synthesize (or synthesise), means to make or form a synthesis.

Synthesis or synthesize may also refer to:

Chemistry and biochemistry

  • Chemical synthesis
    Chemical synthesis
    In chemistry, chemical synthesis is purposeful execution of chemical reactions to get a product, or several products. This happens by physical and chemical manipulations usually involving one or more reactions...

    , the execution of chemical reactions to form a more complex molecule from chemical precursors
    • Organic synthesis
      Organic synthesis
      Organic synthesis is a special branch of chemical synthesis and is concerned with the construction of organic compounds via organic reactions. Organic molecules can often contain a higher level of complexity compared to purely inorganic compounds, so the synthesis of organic compounds has...

      , the chemical synthesis of organic compounds
      • Total synthesis
        Total synthesis
        In organic chemistry, a total synthesis is, in principle, the complete chemical synthesis of complex organic molecules from simpler pieces, usually without the aid of biological processes. In practice, these simpler pieces are commercially available in bulk and semi-bulk quantities, and are often...

        , the complete organic synthesis of complex organic compounds, usually without the aid of biological processes
      • Convergent synthesis
        Convergent synthesis
        In chemistry a convergent synthesis is a strategy that aims to improve the efficiency of multi-step chemical synthesis, most often in organic synthesis...

         or linear synthesis, a strategy to improve the efficiency of multi-step chemical syntheses
    • Dehydration synthesis
      Dehydration reaction
      In chemistry and the biological sciences, a dehydration reaction is usually defined as a chemical reaction that involves the loss of water from the reacting molecule. Dehydration reactions are a subset of elimination reactions...

      , a chemical synthesis resulting in the loss of a water molecule
    • Paal–Knorr synthesis, a chemical reaction named after Carl Paal and Ludwig Knorr
  • Biosynthesis
    Biosynthesis
    Biosynthesis is an enzyme-catalyzed process in cells of living organisms by which substrates are converted to more complex products. The biosynthesis process often consists of several enzymatic steps in which the product of one step is used as substrate in the following step...

    , the creation of an organic compound in a living organism, usually aided by enzymes
    • Photosynthesis
      Photosynthesis
      Photosynthesis is a chemical process that converts carbon dioxide into organic compounds, especially sugars, using the energy from sunlight. Photosynthesis occurs in plants, algae, and many species of bacteria, but not in archaea. Photosynthetic organisms are called photoautotrophs, since they can...

      , a biochemical reaction using a carbon molecule to produce an organic molecule, using sunlight as a catalyst
    • Chemosynthesis
      Chemosynthesis
      In biochemistry, chemosynthesis is the biological conversion of one or more carbon molecules and nutrients into organic matter using the oxidation of inorganic molecules or methane as a source of energy, rather than sunlight, as in photosynthesis...

      , the synthesis of biological compounds into organic waste, using methane or an oxidized molecule as a catalyst
    • Amino acid synthesis
      Amino acid synthesis
      For the non-biological synthesis of amino acids see: Strecker amino acid synthesisAmino acid synthesis is the set of biochemical processes by which the various amino acids are produced from other compounds. The substrates for these processes are various compounds in the organism's diet or growth...

      , the synthesis of an amino acid from its constituents*
      • Peptide synthesis
        Peptide synthesis
        In organic chemistry, peptide synthesis is the production of peptides, which are organic compounds in which multiple amino acids are linked via amide bonds which are also known as peptide bonds...

        , the biochemical synthesis of peptides using amino acids
        • Protein biosynthesis
          Protein biosynthesis
          Protein biosynthesis is the process in which cells build or manufacture proteins. The term is sometimes used to refer only to protein translation but more often it refers to a multi-step process, beginning with amino acid synthesis and transcription of nuclear DNA into messenger RNA, which is then...

          , the multi-step biochemical synthesis of proteins (long peptides)
    • DNA synthesis (disambiguation), several biochemical processes for making DNA
      • DNA replication
        DNA replication
        DNA replication is a biological process that occurs in all living organisms and copies their DNA; it is the basis for biological inheritance. The process starts with one double-stranded DNA molecule and produces two identical copies of the molecule...

        , DNA biosynthesis in vivo
      • Synthesis (cell cycle)
    • RNA synthesis
      Transcription (genetics)
      Transcription is the process of creating a complementary RNA copy of a sequence of DNA. Both RNA and DNA are nucleic acids, which use base pairs of nucleotides as a complementary language that can be converted back and forth from DNA to RNA by the action of the correct enzymes...

      , the synthesis of RNA from nucleic acids, using another nucleic acid chain as a template
    • ATP synthesis
      ATP synthase
      right|thumb|300px|Molecular model of ATP synthase by X-ray diffraction methodATP synthase is an important enzyme that provides energy for the cell to use through the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate . ATP is the most commonly used "energy currency" of cells from most organisms...

      , the biochemical synthesis of ATP

Electronics

  • Logic synthesis
    Logic synthesis
    In electronics, logic synthesis is a process by which an abstract form of desired circuit behavior, typically register transfer level , is turned into a design implementation in terms of logic gates. Common examples of this process include synthesis of HDLs, including VHDL and Verilog...

     The process of converting a higher-level form of a design into a lower-level implementation
  • High-level synthesis
    High-level synthesis
    High-level synthesis , sometimes referred to as C synthesis, electronic system level synthesis, algorithmic synthesis, or behavioral synthesis, is an automated design process that interprets an algorithmic description of a desired behavior and creates hardware that implements that behavior. The...

    , an automated design process that interprets an algorithmic description of a desired behavior and creates hardware that implements that behavior

Speech and sound creation

  • Sound synthesis
    Synthesizer
    A synthesizer is an electronic instrument capable of producing sounds by generating electrical signals of different frequencies. These electrical signals are played through a loudspeaker or set of headphones...

    , various methods of sound generation in audio electronics
    • wave field synthesis
      Wave field synthesis
      Wave field synthesis is a spatial audio rendering technique, characterized by creation of virtual acoustic environments. It produces "artificial" wave fronts synthesized by a large number of individually driven speakers. Such wave fronts seem to originate from a virtual starting point, the virtual...

      , a spatial audio rendering technique, characterized by creation of virtual acoustic environments
    • Subtractive synthesis
      Subtractive synthesis
      Subtractive synthesis is a method of sound synthesis in which partials of an audio signal are attenuated by a filter to alter the timbre of the sound...

      , a method of creating a sound by removing harmonics, characterised by the application of an audio filter to an audio signal
    • Frequency modulation synthesis
      Frequency modulation synthesis
      A 220 Hz carrier tone modulated by a 440 Hz modulating tone with various choices of modulation index, β. The time domain signals are illustrated above, and the corresponding spectra are shown below ....

      , a form of audio synthesis where the timbre of a simple waveform is changed by frequency modulating it with a modulating frequency that is also in the audio range
  • Speech synthesis
    Speech synthesis
    Speech synthesis is the artificial production of human speech. A computer system used for this purpose is called a speech synthesizer, and can be implemented in software or hardware...

    , the artificial production of human speech

Humanities

  • in philosophy, the end result of a dialectic, as in thesis, antithesis, synthesis
    Thesis, antithesis, synthesis
    The triad thesis, antithesis, synthesis is often used to describe the thought of German philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel. Hegel never used the term himself, and almost all of his biographers have been eager to discredit it....

  • a cognitive skill in Benjamin Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational Objectives
  • In philosophy and science, a higher a priori process than analysis
  • in linguistics, a scale denoting the average ratio of morphemes to words; see synthetic language
    Synthetic language
    In linguistic typology, a synthetic language is a language with a high morpheme-per-word ratio, as opposed to a low morpheme-per-word ratio in what is described as an isolating language...


Politics

  • Synthesis anarchism
    Synthesis anarchism
    Synthesis anarchism, synthesist anarchism, synthesism or synthesis federations is a form of anarchist organization which tries to join anarchists of different tendencies under the principles of anarchism without adjectives. In the 1920s this form found as its main proponents the anarcho-communists...

     is a form of anarchist organization which tries to join anarchists of different tendencies.

Media

  • Synthesis (magazine)
    Synthesis (magazine)
    Synthesis is a website, weekly newspaper, and a national magazine that deals with popular music, movies, technology, and other interests of pop culture. It is owned by Bill Fishkin, who began the newspaper in Chico, California in his apartment. The magazine is known for publishing eclectic...

    , a web site and magazine covering popular culture
  • Synthesis (journal)
    Synthesis (journal)
    Synthesis is a scientific journal published from 1969 to the present day by Thieme Chemistry. Its stated purpose is the "advancement of the science of synthetic chemistry"....

    , a journal of chemical synthesis

See also

  • Analysis
    Analysis
    Analysis is the process of breaking a complex topic or substance into smaller parts to gain a better understanding of it. The technique has been applied in the study of mathematics and logic since before Aristotle , though analysis as a formal concept is a relatively recent development.The word is...

    , the converse of synthesis
  • Synthesizer (disambiguation)
    Synthesizer (disambiguation)
    Synthesizer or synthesiser may refer to:*Synthesizer, a collection of electronic devices that modify or manipulate an electronically generated musical tone or sound source....

  • Synthetic (disambiguation)
  • Creation (disambiguation)
  • Formation (disambiguation)
  • Production (disambiguation)
  • Derivation (disambiguation)
The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
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