Symphony No. 72 (Haydn)
Encyclopedia
The Symphony No. 72 in D major
(Hoboken 1/72) is a symphony
by Joseph Haydn
. The symphony was probably composed between 1763
and 1765
. The date of this composition is earlier than its number suggests. This work is not well chronologically placed in the Hoboken numbering system: it was composed fifteen to twenty years before the neighboring works.
, two oboes
, bassoon
, four horns
and strings
. It is one of the few classical-era
symphonies to include four horns rather than two. This work is closely related to the Hornsignal Symphony
because of its many soloistic horn passages and is also related to the "Day Trilogy" symphonies 6
, 7
and 8
because of the concertante passages for other instruments.
The horns are silent in the second movement. In their place are solo passages for flute and violin.
The minuet begins and ends with the same phrase piano with the ending as an echo. The strings are silent in the trio which is scored for all the winds minus the flute.
The finale is a set of marching variations that features many soloists accompanied by strings. The first variation features solo flute, the second a solo cello, the third a solo violin and the fourth a solo violone
. The fifth variation is scored for oboe, two horns and strings while the sixth variation is for flute, oboe, bassoon, four horns and strings. The movement concludes with a Presto coda
in 6/8 and featuring a final horn flourish.
D major
D major is a major scale based on D, consisting of the pitches D, E, F, G, A, B, and C. Its key signature consists of two sharps. Its relative minor is B minor and its parallel minor is D minor....
(Hoboken 1/72) is a symphony
Symphony
A symphony is an extended musical composition in Western classical music, scored almost always for orchestra. A symphony usually contains at least one movement or episode composed according to the sonata principle...
by Joseph Haydn
Joseph Haydn
Franz Joseph Haydn , known as Joseph Haydn , was an Austrian composer, one of the most prolific and prominent composers of the Classical period. He is often called the "Father of the Symphony" and "Father of the String Quartet" because of his important contributions to these forms...
. The symphony was probably composed between 1763
1763 in music
-Events:*July 9 - Mozart family grand tour: The family of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart sets out on a European tour, ending this year in Paris*The first public concert with a glass harmonica is performed by Marianne Davies...
and 1765
1765 in music
- Events :*The Bach-Abel concerts are founded.*The Bergen Philharmonic Orchestra is founded- Opera :*Samuel Arnold**Daphne and Amintor**The Summer's Tale*Georg Benda – Xindo riconnosciuto...
. The date of this composition is earlier than its number suggests. This work is not well chronologically placed in the Hoboken numbering system: it was composed fifteen to twenty years before the neighboring works.
Instrumentation
It is scored for fluteFlute
The flute is a musical instrument of the woodwind family. Unlike woodwind instruments with reeds, a flute is an aerophone or reedless wind instrument that produces its sound from the flow of air across an opening...
, two oboes
Oboe
The oboe is a double reed musical instrument of the woodwind family. In English, prior to 1770, the instrument was called "hautbois" , "hoboy", or "French hoboy". The spelling "oboe" was adopted into English ca...
, bassoon
Bassoon
The bassoon is a woodwind instrument in the double reed family that typically plays music written in the bass and tenor registers, and occasionally higher. Appearing in its modern form in the 19th century, the bassoon figures prominently in orchestral, concert band and chamber music literature...
, four horns
Horn (instrument)
The horn is a brass instrument consisting of about of tubing wrapped into a coil with a flared bell. A musician who plays the horn is called a horn player ....
and strings
String instrument
A string instrument is a musical instrument that produces sound by means of vibrating strings. In the Hornbostel-Sachs scheme of musical instrument classification, used in organology, they are called chordophones...
. It is one of the few classical-era
Classical period (music)
The dates of the Classical Period in Western music are generally accepted as being between about 1750 and 1830. However, the term classical music is used colloquially to describe a variety of Western musical styles from the ninth century to the present, and especially from the sixteenth or...
symphonies to include four horns rather than two. This work is closely related to the Hornsignal Symphony
Symphony No. 31 (Haydn)
Joseph Haydn's Symphony No. 31 in D major was composed in 1765 for Haydn's patron Nikolaus Esterházy. It is nicknamed the "Hornsignal" symphony, because it gives a prominent role to an unusually large horn section, i.e. four players...
because of its many soloistic horn passages and is also related to the "Day Trilogy" symphonies 6
Symphony No. 6 (Haydn)
The Symphony No. 6 in D major is an early symphony written by Joseph Haydn and the first written after Haydn had joined the Esterházy court. It is the first of three that are characterised by unusual virtuoso writing across the orchestral ensemble...
, 7
Symphony No. 7 (Haydn)
The Symphony No. 7 in C major, Hoboken I/7, is a symphony by Joseph Haydn, sometimes called "Le midi." The symphony was most likely composed in 1761, together with the other two of the Day Trilogy, No.s 6 and 8....
and 8
Symphony No. 8 (Haydn)
Joseph Haydn wrote his Symphony No. 8 in G major under the employ of Prince Esterházy in 1761, in the transition between the Baroque and Classical periods. It is the third part of a set of three symphonies - Le matin , Le midi and Le soir .-Orchestration:The orchestration used in Symphony No...
because of the concertante passages for other instruments.
Movements
- Allegro
- Andante, 6/8
- MenuetMinuetA minuet, also spelled menuet, is a social dance of French origin for two people, usually in 3/4 time. The word was adapted from Italian minuetto and French menuet, and may have been from French menu meaning slender, small, referring to the very small steps, or from the early 17th-century popular...
& Trio, 3/4 - Finale: Andante (Thema. Var. I-VI), 2/4 - Presto, 6/8
The horns are silent in the second movement. In their place are solo passages for flute and violin.
The minuet begins and ends with the same phrase piano with the ending as an echo. The strings are silent in the trio which is scored for all the winds minus the flute.
The finale is a set of marching variations that features many soloists accompanied by strings. The first variation features solo flute, the second a solo cello, the third a solo violin and the fourth a solo violone
Violone
The term violone can refer to several distinct large, bowed musical instruments which belong to either the viol or violin family. The violone is sometimes a fretted instrument, and may have six, five, four, or even only three strings. The violone is also not always a contrabass instrument...
. The fifth variation is scored for oboe, two horns and strings while the sixth variation is for flute, oboe, bassoon, four horns and strings. The movement concludes with a Presto coda
Coda (music)
Coda is a term used in music in a number of different senses, primarily to designate a passage that brings a piece to an end. Technically, it is an expanded cadence...
in 6/8 and featuring a final horn flourish.