Suwalki Governorate
Encyclopedia
Suwałki Governorate was an administrative unit (guberniya
) of the Congress Poland
with seat in Suwałki. It covered a territory of about 12,300 km².
and the Płock Governorate
were divided into a smaller Płock Governorate, Suwałki Governorate (consisting mostly of the Augustów Governorate territories) and a recreated Łomża Governorate
.
After World War I the governorate was eventually split between Poland and Lithuania, mostly along ethnic lines (with an exception of Puńsk
). The Polish part, known as Suwałki Region, was incorporated into the Białystok Voivodeship. Lithuanian ethnographic region Suvalkija
was named after the governorate.
statistics from 1889 the Suwałki Governorate was predominately Lithuanian – Lithuanians comprised 57.8% of the population. The Lithuanians formed a majority only in the northern part of this governorate (Counties of Kalvarija, Marijampolė, Naujamiestis, Vilkaviškis and eastern part of Sejny) and the Poles had a majority in the southern part (counties of Suwałki, Augustów and western part of Sejny).
s:
Guberniya
A guberniya was a major administrative subdivision of the Russian Empire usually translated as government, governorate, or province. Such administrative division was preserved for sometime upon the collapse of the empire in 1917. A guberniya was ruled by a governor , a word borrowed from Latin ,...
) of the Congress Poland
Congress Poland
The Kingdom of Poland , informally known as Congress Poland , created in 1815 by the Congress of Vienna, was a personal union of the Russian parcel of Poland with the Russian Empire...
with seat in Suwałki. It covered a territory of about 12,300 km².
History
In 1867 territories of the Augustów GovernorateAugustów Governorate
Augustów Governorate was an administrative unit of the Congress Poland.It was created in 1837 from the Augustów Voivodship, and had the same borders and capital as the voivodship...
and the Płock Governorate
Płock Governorate
Płock Governorate was an administrative unit of the Congress Poland.It was created in 1837 from the Płock Voivodship, and had the same borders and capital as the voivodship...
were divided into a smaller Płock Governorate, Suwałki Governorate (consisting mostly of the Augustów Governorate territories) and a recreated Łomża Governorate
Łomża Governorate
Łomża Governorate was an administrative unit of Congress Poland with seat in Łomża.-History:In 1867 territories of the Augustów Governorate and the Płock Governorate were divided into a smaller Płock Governorate, Suwałki Governorate and a recreated Łomża Governorate.In 1893, a small amount of...
.
After World War I the governorate was eventually split between Poland and Lithuania, mostly along ethnic lines (with an exception of Puńsk
Punsk
Puńsk is a village with 1,050 inhabitants in the Podlaskie Voivodeship, Poland. Over 80% of the population of Puńsk is Lithuanian. It lies in the northeastern part of Poland, only from the border with Lithuania....
). The Polish part, known as Suwałki Region, was incorporated into the Białystok Voivodeship. Lithuanian ethnographic region Suvalkija
Suvalkija
Suvalkija or Sudovia is the smallest of the five cultural regions of Lithuania. Its unofficial capital is Marijampolė. People from Suvalkija are called suvalkiečiai or suvalkietis . It is located south of the Neman River, in the former territory of Vilkaviškis bishopric...
was named after the governorate.
Demographics
According to contemporary Russian EmpireRussian Empire
The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union...
statistics from 1889 the Suwałki Governorate was predominately Lithuanian – Lithuanians comprised 57.8% of the population. The Lithuanians formed a majority only in the northern part of this governorate (Counties of Kalvarija, Marijampolė, Naujamiestis, Vilkaviškis and eastern part of Sejny) and the Poles had a majority in the southern part (counties of Suwałki, Augustów and western part of Sejny).
| Population in 1897 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Nationality | People | Percent |
| Lithuanians | 304,500 | 52% |
| Poles | 134,000 | 23% |
| Jews | 59,100 | 10% |
| Germans | 30,500 | 5% |
| Belarusians | 26,600 | 5% |
| Russians | 24,500 | 4% |
| Others | 3,700 | .7% |
| Total | 582,900 | 100% |
Administrative divisions
It was divided into seven countieUyezd
Uyezd or uezd was an administrative subdivision of Rus', Muscovy, Russian Empire, and the early Russian SFSR which was in use from the 13th century. Uyezds for most of the history in Russia were a secondary-level of administrative division...
s:
| County | County Seat | Major Towns | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Augustów County |  |
Augustów Augustów Augustów is a town in north-eastern Poland with 29,600 inhabitants . It lies on the Netta River and the Augustów Canal. It is situated in the Podlaskie Voivodeship , having previously been in Suwałki Voivodeship . It is the seat of Augustów County and of Gmina Augustów.In 1970 Augustów became... |
Lipsk Lipsk Lipsk , , is a town in Augustów County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, Poland, with 2,520 inhabitants .... • Raczki Raczki Raczki may refer to the following places:*Raczki, Masovian Voivodeship *Raczki, Podlaskie Voivodeship *Raczki, West Pomeranian Voivodeship *Rączki, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship... • Sopoćkinie Sopockinie Sapotskin is a small town in Belarus, north-east of Hrodna. It has circa 2,000 inhabitants, almost exclusively identifying themselves as ethnic Poles.... |
| Kalvarija County |  |
Kalvarija | Liudvinavas Liudvinavas Liudvinavas is a small town in Marijampolė County, in southwestern Lithuania. According to the 2001 census, the town has a population of 1055 people.... • Alytus Alytus Alytus is a city with municipal rights in southern Lithuania. It is the capital of Alytus County. Its population in 2007 was 68,835. Alytus is the historical centre of the Dzūkija region. The city lies on the banks of the Nemunas River. The major highways linking Vilnius, Kaunas, Lazdijai, and... • Simnas Simnas Simnas is a city within the Alytus district municipality, Lithuania. It is located west of Alytus.-External links:*... |
| Marijampolė County |  |
Marijampolė Marijampole Marijampolė is an industrial city and the capital of the Marijampolė County in the south of Lithuania, bordering Poland and Russian Kaliningrad oblast, and Lake Vištytis. The population of Marijampolė is 48,700... |
Balbieriškis • Pilviškės • Panemunė Panemune Panemunė is the smallest city in Lithuania. It is situated on the banks of the Neman River opposite Sovetsk, south from Pagėgiai, in Tauragė County... • Prienai Prienai Prienai is a city in Lithuania situated on the Neman River, south of Kaunas. In 2001 the city had 11,353 inhabitants. The name of the city is a derivative from a surname Prienas. Pociūnai Airport is associated with the city.-History:... • Sapiežiškės |
| Sejny County |  |
Sejny Sejny Sejny is a town in north-eastern Poland, in Podlaskie Voivodeship, close to the border with Lithuania and Belarus. It is located in the eastern part of the Suwałki Lake Area , on the Marycha river, being a tributary of Czarna Hańcza... |
Kapčiamiestis Kapciamiestis Kapčiamiestis is a town in Lithuania located near the confluence of Baltoji Ančia and Nieda Rivers. Town traces its history dating back in early 16th century, then a manor was built... • Lazdijai Lazdijai Lazdijai is a city in Lithuania located about east of the border with Poland. In 1990 Lithuania declared independence from the Soviet Union, and new check points between the borders Poland and Lithuania were established and Lazdijai became the center that oversees and continues to regulate these... • Seirijai Seirijai Seirijai is a small town in Alytus County in southern Lithuania. As of 2001 it had a population of 933.-References:*This article was initially translated from the Lithuanian Wikipedia.... |
| Suwałki County | Suwałki | Bakałarzewo • Filipów • Przerośl Przerosl Przerośl is a village in Suwałki County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina called Gmina Przerośl. It lies approximately north-west of Suwałki and north of the regional capital Białystok.... • Wiżajny Wizajny Wiżajny is a village in Suwałki County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, close to the border with Lithuania. It is the seat of the gmina called Gmina Wiżajny... |
|
| Naujamiestis County |  |
Naujamiestis Kudirkos Naumiestis Kudirkos Naumiestis is in the Šakiai district municipality, Lithuania. It is located south-west of Šakiai.The settlement was first mentioned in 1561 as a village called Duoliebaičiai. In 1639 the town was renamed Vladislavovas by Cecilia Renata of Austria after her husband Władysław IV Vasa. He... |
Sudargas • Šakiai Šakiai Šakiai is a city in the Marijampolė County, Lithuania. It is located west of Kaunas. It is presumed that Šakiai first expanded from Šakaičai village. By 1719 a church in Šakiai was built. By the 19th century Šakiai already had city rights; it also had a school, Catholic and Lutheran churches, a... |
| Vilkaviškis County |  |
Vilkaviškis Vilkaviškis Vilkaviškis Until 1940 the city had a large Jewish Community which was annihilated by the Nazis and their local collaborators. The whole Jewish population was killed in a single day,, after the entry of the Germans into the city.-Names:... |
Virbalis Virbalis Virbalis is a city in the Vilkaviškis district municipality, Lithuania. It is located west of Vilkaviškis.As German Wirballen, Polish Wierzbołów, or Russian Verzhbolovo , it is frequently mentioned in historical as well in modern literature... • Vištytis Vištytis Vištytis is a town in southern Lithuania on Lake Vištytis, Marijampolė district. It is situated at the Russian border and is a capital of Vištytis elderate.... |