Sultan of Johor
Encyclopedia
Sultan of Johor is a hereditary seat and the nominal ruler of the Malaysian state of Johor
. In the past, the sultan held absolute power over the state and was advised by a bendahara
. Nowadays, the role of bendahara has been taken over by a more powerful chief minister
with the sultan's office being reduced to a figurehead function.
. He was the son of the last sultan of Malacca, Sultan Mahmud Shah
. The scion of the Sultanate of Malacca in Johor ended with the death of Sultan Mahmud Shah II
in 1699 and throne was taken over by Sultan Abdul Jalil IV. Abdul Jalil IV was a bendahara
before the death of the sultan.
Though Johor has been ruled over by at least 20 sultans, the first sultan of modern Johor (Temenggong dynasty) was Sultan Abu Bakar
who reigned from 1862 to 1895. He was the first person from the temenggung
family to become the sultan in Johor's history. His father, Temenggung Ibrahim managed to consolidate enough power to disfranchise Sultan Ali
who died in 1877.
Ibrahim Ismail of Johor, who was crowned as the 25th Sultan of Johor on 23 January 2010. His father, Sultan Iskandar Al-Haj ibni Almarhum Sultan Sir Ismail Al-Khalidi, a great-grandson of Sultan Abu Bakar died on 22 January 2010. Ibrahim Ismail, the then Tunku Mahkota of Johor (Crown Prince of Johor), was appointed as Acting Sultan of Johor on the same day. The proclamation of His Royal Highness' death was announced nationwide by the Menteri Besar of Johor, Datuk Seri Abdul Ghani Othman later that night. The funeral was held on 23 January after the coronation of Sultan Ibrahim Ismail.
Johor
Johor is a Malaysian state, located in the southern portion of Peninsular Malaysia. It is one of the most developed states in Malaysia. The state capital city and royal city of Johor is Johor Bahru, formerly known as Tanjung Puteri...
. In the past, the sultan held absolute power over the state and was advised by a bendahara
Bendahara
Bendahara is an administrative position within classical Malay kingdoms before the intervention of European powers during the 19th century. A bendahara was appointed by a sultan and was a hereditary post. It was the office that is held by bendahara family...
. Nowadays, the role of bendahara has been taken over by a more powerful chief minister
Chief Minister
A Chief Minister is the elected head of government of a sub-national state, provinces of Sri Lanka, Pakistan, notably a state of India, a territory of Australia or a British Overseas Territory that has attained self-government...
with the sultan's office being reduced to a figurehead function.
History
The first sultan of Johor was Alauddin Riayat Shah IIAlauddin Riayat Shah II of Johor
Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah II was the first Sultan of Johor. He ruled Johor from 1528 to 1564. He founded the Johor Sultanate following the fall of Malacca to the Portuguese in 1511. He was the second son of Mahmud Shah of Malacca. Thus, Johor was a successor state of Malacca and Johor's sultans...
. He was the son of the last sultan of Malacca, Sultan Mahmud Shah
Mahmud Shah (Sultan of Malacca)
Sultan Mahmud Shah ruled Malacca from 1488 to 1528. He was the son of Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah.Upon his father's premature death, he was installed at a very young age. The regent at that time was the prime minister Tun Perak. During his initial years as a young adult, the sultan was known to...
. The scion of the Sultanate of Malacca in Johor ended with the death of Sultan Mahmud Shah II
Sultan Mahmud Shah II of Johor
H.H. Paduka Sri Sultan Mahmud Shah II ibni al-Marhum Sultan Ibrahim Shah was the 10th Sultan of Johor, Pahang and Lingga ....
in 1699 and throne was taken over by Sultan Abdul Jalil IV. Abdul Jalil IV was a bendahara
Bendahara
Bendahara is an administrative position within classical Malay kingdoms before the intervention of European powers during the 19th century. A bendahara was appointed by a sultan and was a hereditary post. It was the office that is held by bendahara family...
before the death of the sultan.
Though Johor has been ruled over by at least 20 sultans, the first sultan of modern Johor (Temenggong dynasty) was Sultan Abu Bakar
Sultan Abu Bakar of Johor
Sultan Sir Abu Bakar ibni Daing Ibrahim was the 21st Sultan of Johor. He was also informally known as "The Father of Modern Johor", as many historians accredited Johor's development in the 19th century to Abu Bakar's leadership...
who reigned from 1862 to 1895. He was the first person from the temenggung
Temenggung
Temenggung is an ancient Malay title of nobility, usually given to the chief of public security. The Temenggung is usually responsible for the safety of the monarch as well as the state police and army...
family to become the sultan in Johor's history. His father, Temenggung Ibrahim managed to consolidate enough power to disfranchise Sultan Ali
Sultan Ali of Johor
Sultan Ali Iskandar Shah ibni Hussein Muazzam Shah was the 19th Sultan of Johor, who succeeded his father, Sultan Hussein after the latter died of natural cause in 1835. Over the next twenty years, Sultan Ali's claims to the office of Sultan of Johor were only recognised by some merchants and a...
who died in 1877.
Office-holder
The office of sultan is currently held by SultanSultan
Sultan is a title with several historical meanings. Originally, it was an Arabic language abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", "rulership", and "dictatorship", derived from the masdar سلطة , meaning "authority" or "power". Later, it came to be used as the title of certain rulers who...
Ibrahim Ismail of Johor, who was crowned as the 25th Sultan of Johor on 23 January 2010. His father, Sultan Iskandar Al-Haj ibni Almarhum Sultan Sir Ismail Al-Khalidi, a great-grandson of Sultan Abu Bakar died on 22 January 2010. Ibrahim Ismail, the then Tunku Mahkota of Johor (Crown Prince of Johor), was appointed as Acting Sultan of Johor on the same day. The proclamation of His Royal Highness' death was announced nationwide by the Menteri Besar of Johor, Datuk Seri Abdul Ghani Othman later that night. The funeral was held on 23 January after the coronation of Sultan Ibrahim Ismail.
List of office bearers
| Sultans of Johor | Reign |
|---|---|
| Malacca-Johor Dynasty | |
| Alauddin Riayat Shah II Alauddin Riayat Shah II of Johor Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah II was the first Sultan of Johor. He ruled Johor from 1528 to 1564. He founded the Johor Sultanate following the fall of Malacca to the Portuguese in 1511. He was the second son of Mahmud Shah of Malacca. Thus, Johor was a successor state of Malacca and Johor's sultans... |
1528–1564 |
| Muzaffar Shah II Muzaffar II of Johor Sultan Muzaffar Shah II was the second Sultan of Johor. He was known as Raja Muda Perdana before he succeeded the throne. He was installed to the throne of Johor in 1564 by the Acehnese upon the death of his father, Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah II, who died shortly after he was captured and brought... |
1564–1570 |
| Abdul Jalil Shah I | 1570–1571 |
| Ali Jalla Abdul Jalil Shah II Ali Jalla Abdul Jalil Shah II Ali Jalla Abdul Jalil Shah II was the Sultan of Johor from 1571 to 1597.Ali Jalla Abdul Jalil Shah II married Fatima Raja the sister of Muzaffar II of Johor who was the sultan of Johor. On Muzaffar's death, Ali Jalla and Fatima's son Abdul Jalil I of Johor became the sultan... |
1571–1597 |
| Alauddin Riayat Shah III Alauddin Riayat Shah III Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah III was the 6th Sultan of Johor who reigned from 1597 - 1615. He resided at the new capital of Johor at Batu Sawar, but later moved his administration to Pasir Raja around 1609... |
1597–1615 |
| Abdullah Ma'ayat Shah Abdullah Ma'ayat Shah Sultan Abdullah Ma'ayat Shah was the 7th Sultan of Johor who reigned from 1615 to 1623.Before he became sultan of Johor, Abdullah Ma'ayat Shah was also known as Raja Bongsu, Raja Seberang or Raja di Ilir. According to the testimony of Dutch Admiral Cornelis Matelief de Jonge Raja Bongsu was one of... |
1615–1623 |
| Abdul Jalil Shah III Abdul Jalil Shah III Abdul Jalil Shah III was the 8th Sultan of Johor who reigned from 1623 to 1677. Known as "Raja Bujang" before his accession, he was a son of the 6th Sultan, Alauddin Riayat Shah III and a niece of the 7th Sultan, Abdullah Ma'ayat Shah.... |
1623–1677 |
| Ibrahim Shah | 1677–1685 |
| Mahmud Shah II Sultan Mahmud Shah II of Johor H.H. Paduka Sri Sultan Mahmud Shah II ibni al-Marhum Sultan Ibrahim Shah was the 10th Sultan of Johor, Pahang and Lingga .... |
1685–1699 |
| Bendahara Dynasty | |
| Abdul Jalil IV (Bendahara Abdul Jalil) | 1699–1720 |
| Malacca-Johor Dynasty (descent) | |
| Abdul Jalil Rahmat Shah (Raja Kecil) | 1718–1722 |
| Bendahara Dynasty | |
| Sulaiman Badrul Alam Shah | 1722–1760 |
| Abdul Jalil Muazzam Shah | 1760–1761 |
| Ahmad Riayat Shah | 1761 - 1761 |
| Mahmud Shah III | 1761–1812 |
| Abdul Rahman Muazzam Shah Tengku Abdul Rahman Tengku Abdul Rahman may refer to:*Tuanku Abdul Rahman, first Yang di-Pertuan Agong, the Malaysian king and the Yang di-Pertuan Besar of the Malaysian state of Negeri Sembilan... |
1812–1819 |
| Hussein Shah Hussein Shah of Johor Sultan Hussein Mua'zzam Shah ibni Mahmud Shah Alam was the 18th ruler of Johor. He was best remembered for his role as a signatory for two treaties with the British which culminated in the founding of modern Singapore; during which he was given recognition as the Sultan of Johor and Singapore in... (Tengku Long) |
1819–1835 |
| Ali Sultan Ali of Johor Sultan Ali Iskandar Shah ibni Hussein Muazzam Shah was the 19th Sultan of Johor, who succeeded his father, Sultan Hussein after the latter died of natural cause in 1835. Over the next twenty years, Sultan Ali's claims to the office of Sultan of Johor were only recognised by some merchants and a... |
1835–1877 |
| Temenggong Dynasty | |
| Raja Temenggung Tun Ibrahim | 1855–1862 |
| Abu Bakar Sultan Abu Bakar of Johor Sultan Sir Abu Bakar ibni Daing Ibrahim was the 21st Sultan of Johor. He was also informally known as "The Father of Modern Johor", as many historians accredited Johor's development in the 19th century to Abu Bakar's leadership... |
1862–1895 |
| Ibrahim | 1895–1959 |
| Ismail | 1959–1981 |
| Mahmud Iskandar Al-Haj | 1981–2010 |
| Ibrahim Ismail | 2010 - current |