Streptobacillus
Encyclopedia
Streptobacillus is a genus of aerobic
, gram-negative
facultative anaerobe bacteria, which grow in culture as rods in chains.
Species associated with infection - S. moniliformis
Reported susceptibilities and therapies - penicillin
, erythromycin
form of rat bite fever. (Notes Spirillum minus
is also an agent of rat bite fever, in the form known as sodoku.)
Haverhill fever, which is characterized by fever, rash, chills, headache, vomiting, muscle pain, arthritis, and bacteremia, and by weight loss and diarrhea in children.
or Spirillum minor. The former is usually the cause in the United States. The later usually is slower in onset, but accompanied by suppuration of the wound. Suppuration is usually missing when S. moniliformis is the cause. The incidence of rat-bite fever is highest in urban areas with poor sanitation where the rat population is high. While the disease is usually caused by a bite, it can also occur from close contact with rodents or ingestion of contaminated food or water. The latter is known as Haverhill fever. The disease starts with chills and fever accompanied by headache, vomiting, and muscle pain. A rash and arthritis develop 2-4 days after the initial onset. As these symptoms are common to many febrile diseases, this is often classified as a fever of unknown origin (FUO). If untreated, endocarditis can occur with death in approximately 10% of cases.
Aerobic organism
An aerobic organism or aerobe is an organism that can survive and grow in an oxygenated environment.Faculitative anaerobes grow and survive in an oxygenated environment and so do aerotolerant anaerobes.-Glucose:...
, gram-negative
Gram-negative
Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that do not retain crystal violet dye in the Gram staining protocol. In a Gram stain test, a counterstain is added after the crystal violet, coloring all Gram-negative bacteria with a red or pink color...
facultative anaerobe bacteria, which grow in culture as rods in chains.
Species associated with infection - S. moniliformis
Reported susceptibilities and therapies - penicillin
Penicillin
Penicillin is a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. They include penicillin G, procaine penicillin, benzathine penicillin, and penicillin V....
, erythromycin
Erythromycin
Erythromycin is a macrolide antibiotic that has an antimicrobial spectrum similar to or slightly wider than that of penicillin, and is often used for people who have an allergy to penicillins. For respiratory tract infections, it has better coverage of atypical organisms, including mycoplasma and...
Diseases
Associated infections: the Haverhill feverHaverhill fever
In rat-bite fever transmitted by the gram-negative rod Streptobacillus moniliformis, symptoms begin to appear two to ten days after a rat bite injury. The illness resembles a severe influenza, with a moderate fever , chills, joint pain, and a diffuse red rash, located mostly on the hands and feet...
form of rat bite fever. (Notes Spirillum minus
Spirillum minus
Spirillum minus is a species of Spirillum.Spirillum minus is associated with rat-bite fever....
is also an agent of rat bite fever, in the form known as sodoku.)
Haverhill fever, which is characterized by fever, rash, chills, headache, vomiting, muscle pain, arthritis, and bacteremia, and by weight loss and diarrhea in children.
Commentary
Rat bite fever is caused by either Streptobacillus moniliformisStreptobacillus moniliformis
Streptobacillus moniliformis is a species of bacteria. It is gram-negative, long and thin bacteria.Treatment: penicilin, doxycycline.It can cause Rat bite fever. and Haverhill fever-References:...
or Spirillum minor. The former is usually the cause in the United States. The later usually is slower in onset, but accompanied by suppuration of the wound. Suppuration is usually missing when S. moniliformis is the cause. The incidence of rat-bite fever is highest in urban areas with poor sanitation where the rat population is high. While the disease is usually caused by a bite, it can also occur from close contact with rodents or ingestion of contaminated food or water. The latter is known as Haverhill fever. The disease starts with chills and fever accompanied by headache, vomiting, and muscle pain. A rash and arthritis develop 2-4 days after the initial onset. As these symptoms are common to many febrile diseases, this is often classified as a fever of unknown origin (FUO). If untreated, endocarditis can occur with death in approximately 10% of cases.