Stephen, Duke of Slavonia
Encyclopedia
Stephen, Duke of Slavonia (26 December 1332 – 9 August 1354) was a Hungarian Angevin
prince who served as governor of Transylvania
, Slavonia
, Dalmatia
and Croatia
during the reign of his brother, King Louis I of Hungary.
and his third wife Elizabeth of Poland. He was a younger brother of both Louis I of Hungary and Andrew, Duke of Calabria
, first consort of Joan I of Naples
.
His paternal grandparents were Charles Martel of Anjou
and Klementia of Habsburg
. His maternal grandparents were Władysław I the Elbow-high and Hedwig of Kalisz.
and Sáros
counties. He was then established as ruler of Transylvania
. He was named ruler of Croatia
and Dalmatia
in 1351. He became Duke of Slavonia
in 1353.
He died a year later. His son was initially allowed to succeed to his realms. However the separate government of their realms was abolished in 1356. The oldest part of Buda Castle
was established by Stephen. The big keep was called Stephen's Tower (Hungarian: István-torony) but only its foundations survived.
, and Margaret II, Countess of Hainault. They had two children:
Capetian House of Anjou
The Capetian House of Anjou, also known as the House of Anjou-Sicily and House of Anjou-Naples, was a royal house and cadet branch of the direct House of Capet. Founded by Charles I of Sicily, a son of Louis VIII of France, the Capetian king first ruled the Kingdom of Sicily during the 13th century...
prince who served as governor of Transylvania
Transylvania
Transylvania is a historical region in the central part of Romania. Bounded on the east and south by the Carpathian mountain range, historical Transylvania extended in the west to the Apuseni Mountains; however, the term sometimes encompasses not only Transylvania proper, but also the historical...
, Slavonia
Slavonia
Slavonia is a geographical and historical region in eastern Croatia...
, Dalmatia
Dalmatia
Dalmatia is a historical region on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea. It stretches from the island of Rab in the northwest to the Bay of Kotor in the southeast. The hinterland, the Dalmatian Zagora, ranges from fifty kilometers in width in the north to just a few kilometers in the south....
and Croatia
Croatia
Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ...
during the reign of his brother, King Louis I of Hungary.
Family
He was the youngest of five sons born to Charles I of HungaryCharles I of Hungary
Charles I , also known as Charles Robert , was the first King of Hungary and Croatia of the House of Anjou. He was also descended from the old Hungarian Árpád dynasty. His claim to the throne of Hungary was contested by several pretenders...
and his third wife Elizabeth of Poland. He was a younger brother of both Louis I of Hungary and Andrew, Duke of Calabria
Andrew, Duke of Calabria
Andrew, Duke of Calabria was the second surviving son of Charles I of Hungary and Elizabeth of Poland...
, first consort of Joan I of Naples
Joan I of Naples
Joan I , born Joanna of Anjou, was Queen of Naples from 1343 until her death. She was also Countess of Provence and Forcalquier, Queen consort of Majorca and titular Queen of Jerusalem and Sicily 1343–82, and Princess of Achaea 1373/5–81....
.
His paternal grandparents were Charles Martel of Anjou
Charles Martel of Anjou
Charles Martel of the Angevin dynasty, also known as Charles I Martel, was the eldest son of king Charles II of Naples and Maria of Hungary, the daughter of King Stephen V of Hungary....
and Klementia of Habsburg
Klementia of Habsburg
Clementia of Habsburg was a daughter of Rudolf I of Habsburg and Gertrude of Hohenberg. She was a member of the House of Habsburg.-Family:...
. His maternal grandparents were Władysław I the Elbow-high and Hedwig of Kalisz.
Duke
Stephen established his own court in 1349, initially as ruler of SzepesSzepes (county)
Szepes is the Hungarian name of the historic administrative county of the Kingdom of Hungary officially called Scepusium before the late 19th century. It now lies in northeastern Slovakia, with a very small area in southeastern Poland...
and Sáros
Sáros county
Sáros was a historic administrative county of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is presently in northeastern Slovakia...
counties. He was then established as ruler of Transylvania
Transylvania
Transylvania is a historical region in the central part of Romania. Bounded on the east and south by the Carpathian mountain range, historical Transylvania extended in the west to the Apuseni Mountains; however, the term sometimes encompasses not only Transylvania proper, but also the historical...
. He was named ruler of Croatia
Croatia
Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ...
and Dalmatia
Dalmatia
Dalmatia is a historical region on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea. It stretches from the island of Rab in the northwest to the Bay of Kotor in the southeast. The hinterland, the Dalmatian Zagora, ranges from fifty kilometers in width in the north to just a few kilometers in the south....
in 1351. He became Duke of Slavonia
Slavonia
Slavonia is a geographical and historical region in eastern Croatia...
in 1353.
He died a year later. His son was initially allowed to succeed to his realms. However the separate government of their realms was abolished in 1356. The oldest part of Buda Castle
History of Buda Castle
The history of Buda Castle is marked by periods of building, destruction and rebuilding in connection with the changing fortunes of the city and Hungary itself. The historical castle and palace complex of the Hungarian kings was established in the 14th century by the Angevin rulers of the Kingdom...
was established by Stephen. The big keep was called Stephen's Tower (Hungarian: István-torony) but only its foundations survived.
Marriage and children
In January, 1350, Stephen married Margaret of Bavaria. She was a daughter of Louis IV, Holy Roman EmperorLouis IV, Holy Roman Emperor
Louis IV , called the Bavarian, of the house of Wittelsbach, was the King of Germany from 1314, the King of Italy from 1327 and the Holy Roman Emperor from 1328....
, and Margaret II, Countess of Hainault. They had two children:
- Elizabeth of Slavonia (1352 – before 1380), regarded as heiress presumptive to the throne of Hungary, married Philip II of TarantoPhilip II of TarantoPhilip II of Taranto of the Angevin house, was Prince of Achaea and Taranto, and titular Emperor of Constantinople from 1364 to his death in 1374....
. - John of Slavonia (1354–1363), designated heir presumptiveHeir PresumptiveAn heir presumptive or heiress presumptive is the person provisionally scheduled to inherit a throne, peerage, or other hereditary honour, but whose position can be displaced by the birth of an heir or heiress apparent or of a new heir presumptive with a better claim to the position in question...
to his granduncle Casimir III of PolandCasimir III of PolandCasimir III the Great , last King of Poland from the Piast dynasty , was the son of King Władysław I the Elbow-high and Hedwig of Kalisz.-Biography:...
on 24 June 1355, but predeceased his uncle.