The South Yemen insurgency is a term used by the Yemeni government to describe the protests and attacks on government forces in southern Yemen

Yemen

The Republic of Yemen , commonly known as Yemen , is a country located in the Middle East, occupying the southwestern to southern end of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the north, the Red Sea to the west, and Oman to the east....

, ongoing since 27 April 2009 on South Yemen's independence day. Although the violence has been blamed on elements within the southern secessionist movement

South Yemen Movement (2007-Present)

South Yemen Movement, also referred to as the Peaceful Southern Movement , Southern Separatist Movement or Harak, is a term given to a popular movement active in the former South Yemen since 2007, which demands secession from the Republic of Yemen.-History:After the union between South Yemen and...

, leaders of the group maintain that their aims of independence are to be achieved through peaceful means, and claim that attacks are from ordinary citizens in response to the government's provocative actions. The insurgency comes amid heavy fighting

Sa'dah insurgency

The Shia Insurgency in Yemen, also known as the Houthi rebellion, Sa'dah War or Sa'dah conflict is a civil war in Northern Yemen. It began in June 2004 when dissident cleric Hussein Badreddin al-Houthi, head of the Shia Zaidiyyah sect, launched an uprising against the Yemeni government...

 with Shia insurgents in the country's north. Southern leaders led a brief, unsuccessful secession in 1994

1994 civil war in Yemen

The May–July 1994 civil war in Yemen was waged between the armed forces of the former Northern and Southern Yemeni states and their supporters...

 following unification. Many of them are involved in the present secession movement.

Background

In 1990, North Yemen

North Yemen

North Yemen is a term currently used to designate the Yemen Arab Republic , its predecessor, the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen , and their predecessors that exercised sovereignty over the territory that is now the north-western part of the state of Yemen in southern Arabia.Neither state ever...

 and South Yemen united into one country, but in 1994, South Yemeni army units staged an armed revolt

1994 civil war in Yemen

The May–July 1994 civil war in Yemen was waged between the armed forces of the former Northern and Southern Yemeni states and their supporters...

 against what they considered corrupt crony state rule by North Yemeni dictator Ali Abdullah Saleh

Ali Abdullah Saleh

Field Marshal Ali Abdullah Saleh is the first President of the Republic of Yemen. Saleh previously served as President of the Yemen Arab Republic from 1978 until 1990, at which time he assumed the office of chairman of the Presidential Council of a post-unification Yemen. He is the...

. The revolt however failed as Saleh enlisted Salafi

Salafi

A Salafi come from Sunni Islam is a follower of an Islamic movement, Salafiyyah, that is supposed to take the Salaf who lived during the patristic period of early Islam as model examples...

 and Jihadist forces to fight against Southern forces of the Yemeni Socialist Party

Yemeni Socialist Party

The Yemeni Socialist Party is a political party in Yemen.It was the ruling party in South Yemen, the only Marxist Arab state, before unification in 1990...

. However, after 15 years, in 2009, prominent Southern Islamist leader Tariq al-Fadhli, who had fought for the Mujahideen

Mujahideen

Mujahideen are Muslims who struggle in the path of God. The word is from the same Arabic triliteral as jihad .Mujahideen is also transliterated from Arabic as mujahedin, mujahedeen, mudžahedin, mudžahidin, mujahidīn, mujaheddīn and more.-Origin of the concept:The beginnings of Jihad are traced...

 in Afghanistan

Afghanistan

Afghanistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located in the centre of Asia, forming South Asia, Central Asia and the Middle East. With a population of about 29 million, it has an area of , making it the 42nd most populous and 41st largest nation in the world...

 against the Soviet war in Afghanistan

Soviet war in Afghanistan

The Soviet war in Afghanistan was a nine-year conflict involving the Soviet Union, supporting the Marxist-Leninist government of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan against the Afghan Mujahideen and foreign "Arab–Afghan" volunteers...

, broke his alliance with President Saleh to join the secessionist South Yemen Movement, which gave new power to movement, in which al-Fadhli became a prominent figure. That same month, on 28 April, a revolt in the South started, with massive demonstrations in most major towns.

Insurgents

The political movement behind the so-called 'insurgency' is a group called the South Yemen Movement. Led by exiled South Yemeni leaders and opposition figures, this group calls for peaceful protests. However, their protests have recently often turned into riots, some with armed fighters. The insurgency has occasionally been linked by the Yemeni government to Islamist groups, including ex-military commanders and South-Yemeni tribes. South Yemen is home to several jihadist movements, some of which are believed to be affiliated with al-Qaeda

Al-Qaeda

Al-Qaeda is a global broad-based militant Islamist terrorist organization founded by Osama bin Laden sometime between August 1988 and late 1989. It operates as a network comprising both a multinational, stateless army and a radical Sunni Muslim movement calling for global Jihad...

, most notably a group called the Aden-Abyan Islamic Army

Aden-Abyan Islamic Army

The Aden-Abyan Islamic Army is an Islamist militant organization based in southern Yemen. The group was responsible for kidnapping of 16 foreign tourists in the December 1998 in Abyan. Yemeni government forces attacked place where the hostages were being held resulting in four of the hostages...

. Naser al-Wahishi the leader of al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula

Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula

Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula is a militant Islamist organization, primarily active in Yemen and Saudi Arabia. It was named for al-Qaeda, and says it is subordinate to that group and its now-deceased leader Osama bin Laden, a Saudi citizen whose father was born in Yemen...

 expressed support for the South Yemeni separatist movement. However leaders of the South Yemen Movement were quick to deny any links with al-Qaeda. Many believe that Saleh's government is using al-Qaeda as a means to win international support against insurgencies in the North and South. As a response to such accusations, Tariq al-Fadhli - one of the leaders of the southern movement - posted a video of himself on YouTube raising the American flag with the national anthem over his compound in an attempt to openly distance himself from Al-Qaeda.

There are many leaders within the movement, including Fadi Hassan Ahmed Baoum who is head of the South Yemen Movement's Supreme Council. He was arrested and later released by Yemeni authorities. Meanwhile Tahir Tamah has been said to be behind the group's militant faction.

Timeline

• 28 April 2009, 14 people are injured and 1 soldier is killed as separatist militants attack a checkpoint in Mukalla, this was the 7th soldier to be killed in South Yemen secessionist violence.
• 3 May, one man is killed and 4 are injured in a bomb blast carried out by separatist militia.
• 4 May 2009, armed South-Yemeni protesters ambushed a military base in the South, killing 1 soldier.
• 8 June 2009, 2 people were killed and 4 were wounded during protests in the South, bringing total casualties to 11 soldiers and 11 others killed.
• 25 July 2009, 1 person was killed and 4 injured as protesters clash with police in Dhaleh.
• 28 July 2009, 4 Yemeni soldiers are killed as armed men attack a government checkpoint in the south. It was said supporters of Tareq al-Fadhli, an Islamist leader who called for protests in response for the death of 16 people at a separatist rally, were responsible
• 25 October 2009, gunmen ambushed a vehicle carrying the body of a soldier killed in Sa'dah
  Sa'dah
  Sa`dah is the capital city of Saada Governorate in north-western Yemen. It is located at , at an elevation of about 1,800 meters. Known in antiquity as Karna, its population in 2004 was estimated at 51,870.- External links :*...
  
  , the ambush kills 2 soldiers and injures 3.
• 1 November 2009, armed rebels attack the headquarters of security corps in Abyan Governorate, killing 1 soldier and kidnapping Deputy Governor of Abyan, Adel Hamoud al-Sabri.
• 25 November 2009, clashes between Yemeni security forces and demonstrators left five people, including 2 soldiers dead and 10 people injured.
• 10 January 2010 South Yemenis launched a general strike and staged large protests against what they called oppression by Ali Abdullah Saleh's regime.
• 24 January 2010, in the southern province of Shabwa, in Yemen, three members of Yemen's security forces were killed after an attack on a checkpoint.
• 25 January 2010, during riots, one policeman was killed while 11 policemen and 3 school children were injured.
• 27 January 2010, separatists shoot dead a policeman in Al-Ghaydah.
• 1 February - 24 February, government crackdown arrests 130 separatists in South Yemen.
• 2 February, unknown gunman killed Yemeni opposition figure and Yemeni Socialist Party
  Yemeni Socialist Party
  The Yemeni Socialist Party is a political party in Yemen.It was the ruling party in South Yemen, the only Marxist Arab state, before unification in 1990...
  
   member Saeed Ahmed Abdullah bin Daoud in Ayban.
• 13 February 2010, Riots in al-Hawta city, Lahij province left one dead and 7 injured. According to Hawta security director Ali Ammar: "Separatist elements blocked the roads, opened fire randomly and hurled a grenade at a security patrol, killing a citizen and injuring others."
• 17 February 2010, Tareq al-Fadhli announced that starting on 20 February, the next phase of the South Yemeni uprising would begin with mass protests and civil disobedience campaign. The man who died was a protester and an also 5 protesters were arrested. However in a separate clashes armed separatists killed a soldier and wounded three in Shabwa province.
• 20 February 2010, separatists kill the director of a criminal investigations unit and one of his guards in an ambush on a government convoy, another three people were injured. In a separate incident clashes erupted between security forces and gunmen in al-Dalea.
• 22 February 2010, Faris al-Dhama, a South Yemeni activist is arrested and killed by the Yemeni government.
• 23 February 2010, a soldier is killed by armed separatists in Dhale Province
• 26 February 2010, a soldier is killed in an ambush in the Abyan province.
• 27 February 2010, Yemen declares state of emergency in southern Yemen. This decision follows a rise in attacks against soldiers.
• 1 March 2010, Southern Yemeni activist, accused of links with al-Qaeda, his wife, son and daughter and two policemen were killed in an armed attack against his home. An other policemen was wounded. In a second time over 19 people were killed in a bombing in the city of Ta'izz
  Ta'izz
  Ta'izz , or Taiz, is a city in the Yemeni Highlands, near the famous Mocha port on the Red Sea, lying at an elevation of about 1,400 metres above sea level. It is the capital of Ta'izz Governorate...
  
  .
• 11 March 2010, two militants were killed and 10 others wounded in clashes with police. 6 policemen were also wounded.
• 1 April 2010, an argument between inmates from the separatist Movement for the Independence of Southern Yemen and guards resulted in a bomb being thrown and up to forty inmates escaping in Daleh. Four were reported injured.
• 15 April 2010, two militants were wounded during a riot after a demonstration in the city of Daleh.
• 4 June 2010, a Yemeni colonel and two of his bodyguards were killed in an attack.
• 20 June 2010, two officers were killed in an ambush in the province of Dali.
• 23 June 2010, three soldiers were killed in fighting in Dhaleh province.
• 24 June 2010, three soldiers and a civilian were killed, and eight others wounded in clashes in Dhaleh province.
• 25 June 2010, one Southern Movement separatist was killed by security forces in Aden after a firefight erupted during anti-government protests.
• 7 July 2010, two demonstrators died and four were injured when police attempted to break up anti-government protest in Aden.
• 27 July 2010, separatists ambushed a security patrol in Lahij, killing four soldiers and wounding nine others.
• 5 September 2010, Two people were killed and seven others were injured Sunday in clashes between security forces and militants in Lahij governorate in southern Yemen.
• 17 December 2010, clashes killed four Yemeni soldiers and an army officer after soldiers shot dead a Southern Movement member, Abbas Tanbaj, in Habilain in Lahij governorate. Eight additional people are reported wounded, including five soldiers, two militants, and a civilian.
• 8 January 2011, Southern Movement militants attacked a checkpoint in al Malah district in Lahij governorate. At last two soldiers were killed and another was injured in the attack.
• 10 January 2011, clashes in Lahij governorate killed at last two soldiers.
• 12 January 2011, fighting between southern separatists and soldiers in Lahij governorate killed four Yemeni soldiers and wounded ten others.
• 13 January 2011, southern Movement supporters demonstrated in Mukallah in Hadramawt governorate demanding that detained militants be released. One militant was killed and two others were wounded.
• 16 January 2011, one woman was killed and seven civilians were woundedd in Habilain in Lahij governorate during fighting. The army reported that four of its soldiers were wounded during the clashes.

2011 Yemeni protests

• 24 February 2011, at least one civilian was killed during a Southern Movement protest in the city of Lawder in Abyan governorate.
• March 28, 2011, in Shabwa the South Yemen movement attacked and looted Central Security camps, taking control of Nessab, Al-Saaed, Haban and Maevaa districts of the city.
• 4 April 2011, southern separatists stormed military checkpoints in the southern governorate of Lahij. The clashes left one soldier dead and five soldiers wounded.
• 20 April 2011, gunmen attacked security forces at a protest in in Khormaksar city in Aden governorate, killing one soldier and wounding at least four other people. Some witnesses report that the gunmen were connected to the Southern Movement.
• 10 June 2011, suspected Southern Movement militants attacked a military checkpoint outside al Habilain in Lahij governorate. At least five soldiers and three rebels were killed.
• 16 June 2011, gunmen linked with the Southern Movement shot and killed two Yemeni soldiers in Lahij governorate.
• 24 June 2011, at least three soldiers and a passerby were killed in an attack led by South Yemen militants in al Mansoura
  Al-Mansoura (Aden)
  Al Mansoura is a city district in Aden Governorate, Yemen, with a population of 114,931 according to 2004 census.-History:Al Mansoura was named after a resolution made by Aden Legislative Council in 1962...
  
  .
• 24 June 2011, a famous Southern separatist leader Jeyab al Saadi was killed when security forces opened fire on the funeral procession in Aden.
• 1 July 2011, an armed militant from the Southern Movement was killed in an attack on an army position in Aden. Six others, including three soldiers, were injured in the clash.
• 9 July 2011, South Yemen movement was blamed for an ambush against a security patrol killing a Yemeni army officer and two troops. Two civilians were also wounded in the attack.
• 23 August 2011, armed tribesmen backed by the South Yemen movement captured a prison in Lahj. Government forces were unable to counter the heavy fire and surrendered. Over 20 prisoners were freed.